Chapter 9 Quiz

Children in the ________ stage can use abstract thinking to problem solve, look at alternative solutions, and test these solutions.

Formal operation

Soon after birth, a nurse almost drops Osei. He spreads his arms, pulls them back in, and then cries. This is an example of ________.

Moro reflex

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees trucks on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

assimilation

Marcy is 15 months old, and her father is insensitive and inattentive her needs. Marcy reacts to him the same way she reacts to a stranger—she doesn't care if he leaves the room and when he returns she is slow to notice or react. What kind of attachment is this?

avoidant

Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this?

disorganized

Sigmund Freud believed that personality develops ________.

during early childhood

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

environment and culture

Dorothy knows songs and rhymes by memory. She can name most colors and numbers, she can even write the letters of her name. Assuming she reached these cognitive and language development milestones at the average age, about how old is Dorothy?

four

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

genes and biology

Once children reach the preschool stage (ages 3-6 years), they are capable of originating activities and asserting control over their world through social interactions and play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

initiative vs. guilt

The concept conservation refers to ________.

knowing that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size as long as nothing has been removed or added

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught. What stage of moral development does this exemplify?

pre-conventional

In the ________ stage, children use words and images to represent things, but they lack logical reasoning.

preoperational

It is hard to tell how Guy's father will respond to Guy. Sometimes he is responsive to Guy's needs, but he is just as likely to ignore Guy. At 18 months old, Guy clings to his father, but he is just as likely to reject his father if his father tries to play with him. Guy becomes angry when his father leaves, and Guy is difficult to comfort even after his father returns. What kind of attachment is this?

resistant

Francis takes his six-month-old daughter to daycare. A substitute provider is there, and his daughter begins crying. She clings to her father and hides her face. What does this exemplify?

stranger anxiety

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

trust vs. mistrust

During the early childhood years, the number of words a child uses increases at a rapid pace. This is sometimes referred to as the ________.

vocabulary spurt

In a(an) ________, developmental psychologists collect a great deal of information from one individual in order to better understand physical and psychological changes over the lifespan.

case study

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.

sensorimotor