The Digestive System "exam coach 4/15/21"

The LEAST threatening version of Hepatitis is type?

A

Jaundice is caused by a buildup of?

A bile pigment

Cirrhosis?

A chronic degenerative disease of the liver where normal liver cells are damaged and replaced by scar tissue. Over time, the liver loses its ability to manufacture proteins and process hormones, nutrients, medications, and toxic material. Primary causes include alcoholism, and infections from hepatitis B and hepatitis C.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

A chronic functional disorder of the colon characterized by constipation or diarrhea, cramping, abdominal pain, and the passing of mucus in the stool. A collection of symptoms is considered IBS when they have been ongoing for at least 6 months and have occurred at least 3 times a month in the past 3 months. Causes are uncertain but are related to colon sensitivity, immune system responses to stress or infection, hormonal changes, or neurotransmitter stimulation.

Hypoglycemia?

A condition characterized by low blood sugar

Diarrhea?

A condition that causes the frequent elimination of waste from the body in a liquid rather than a solid form.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

A digestive disorder that affects the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing the return of the stomach's contents back up into the esophagus and creating the sensation of "heartburn" (a burning sensation in the chest that can extend to the neck, throat, and face). GERD often affects pregnant women, and may also be related to hiatal hernia and the side effects of some medications.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

A group of chronic intestinal diseases characterized by inflammation of the bowel (the large or small intestine). The most common types of IBD are ulcerative colitis affecting the large intestine, and Crohn's disease most often found in the ileum (the lower part of the small intestine).

Peptic ulcer?

A loss of tissue in the mucosal lining of the stomach (gastric ulcer), the first part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcer), or the esophagus (esophageal ulcer), caused in part by the corrosive action of gastric juice and often related to the bacteria Helicobacter pylori.

Colostomy

A surgical procedure used to create an artificial opening for urine and feces to be released from the body. A portion of the large intestine is brought through the abdominal wall to carry stool out of the body.

Heartburn?

A symptom of gastroesophageal reflux where stomach acid moves into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation in the chest that can extend to the neck, throat, and face. It is worsened by bending or laying down.

Hepatitis C?

A type of hepatitis spread through contact with infected blood (often by drug users sharing needles but it can also spread through sexual contact and childbirth). Some people develop chronic infections and have an increased risk for cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Hepatitis A?

A type of hepatitis spread through contaminated food, water, or by contact with feces. It usually resolves within a few weeks without medical intervention.

Hepatitis B?

A type of hepatitis spread through many of the same routes as HIV but a hundred times more contagious than HIV. While many people recover fully from hepatitis B, some develop a chronic condition and become carriers of the disease. These people may develop varicose veins on the stomach and esophagus, cirrhosis of the liver, and liver cancer.

Hiatal hernia?

An anatomic abnormality (congenital or acquired) in which part of the stomach protrudes up through the diaphragm into the chest due to a larger-than-normal opening of the esophageal hiatus.

A group of diseases in which antibodies are produced against one's own tissues and cause damage are collectively called?

Autoimmune diseases

Inflammation of the gallbladder is called?

Cholecystitis

A peptic ulcer can occur in any of the following areas EXCEPT?

Colon

The artificial construction of an opening of the colon through the abdominal wall is called?

Colostomy

Difficulty in eliminating feces or infrequent elimination is called?

Constipation

A hiatal hernia is a condition in which part of the stomach protrudes through the?

Diaphragm

Overly frequent and loose or fluid evacuations of the large intestine refers to:

Diarrhea

Inflammation of the small intestine is called?

Enteritis

Chronic fatigue syndrome is thought to be associated with which virus?

Epstein-Barr

What is the digestive disorder that affects the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing the return of the stomach's contents back up into the esophagus and creating the sensation of heartburn?

GERD

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the?

Gallbladder

GERD stands for?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

What does GERD stand for?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus, or a toxin and characterized by jaundice, liver enlargement, and fever is generally called:

Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus, or a toxin and characterized by jaundice, liver enlargement, and fever is generally called?

Hepatitis

What type of hepatitis is spread through contaminated food, water, or by contact with feces, and usually resolves itself within a few weeks?

Hepatitis A

Carriers of this type of hepatitis may develop varicose veins on the stomach and esophagus, cirrhosis of the liver, and liver cancer?

Hepatitis B

This type of hepatitis is spread through contact with infected blood (often by drug users sharing needles)?

Hepatitis C

When part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm, this is known as a?

Hiatal hernia

Which infection leads to AIDS?

Human immunodeficiency virus

The swelling from lymphedema is the result of excess fluid?

In the interstitial spaces

Diverticulitis?

Inflammation of the diverticulum (especially of the small pockets in the wall of the colon) that fill with fecal material and become inflamed and abscessed, causing pain and fever.

Enteritis?

Inflammation of the intestines (especially the small intestine) with a variety of causes including bacterial or viral infection, poisonous foods such as mushrooms or berries, or from chemicals present in food and drink. It also occurs as a consequence of overeating or alcoholic excesses.

Gastritis?

Inflammation of the lining of the stomach, caused by a variety of issues and often related to infection from the bacteria Helicobacter pylori. The term is often used generally to describe symptoms of burning and discomfort in the stomach.

Hepatitis?

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin, and characterized by jaundice, liver enlargement, and fever. Several different viruses cause different forms of hepatitis (termed hepatitis A through G). Hepatitis A, B, and C are the most common forms.

Cholecystitis?

Inflammation of the wall of the gallbladder occurring one time (acute) or recurring multiple times (chronic); often associated with the occurrence of gallstones (solid accumulations of the components of bile).

The name for the group of disorders that cause inflammation in the intestines is?

Inflammatory bowel disease

The yellow staining of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by abnormally high blood levels of the bile pigment bilirubin is called?

Jaundice

This condition can indicate liver or gallbladder dysfunction, the presence of a tumor, or the excessive breakdown of red blood cells?

Jaundice

Yellow in the skin and the whites of the eyes is a sign of?

Jaundice

A general term referring to a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that may affect many organ systems including the skin, joints, and internal organs is?

Lupus

Enteritis is the inflammation of the?

Small intestine

Gastritis is inflammation of?

The stomach

Jaundice?

The yellow staining of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by abnormally high blood levels of the bile pigment bilirubin. Jaundice can indicate liver or gallbladder dysfunction, the presence of a tumor, or the excessive breakdown of red blood cells.

The physiological response to infection or inflammation where the body temperature rises above normal is called?

fever