The English Civil War - World History

JANUARY 1649

CHARLES IS BEHEADED

The Stuarts

Kings of Scotland Invited to take the throne of England Firm believers in the divine right of kings

Oliver Cromwell

Leader of the forces of Parliament (Roundheads) Member of Parliament and a Puritan Skilled general on the battlefield

James I: clashes with Parliament

Lectured them on divine right Lived expensively and lavishly (Parliament didn't like that) Made a habit of dissolving Parliament and side-stepping their authority

Charles II

Ruled for 25 years Repealed Puritan laws Restored Church of England Worked well with Parliament

Charles I

Second Stuart monarch Behaved like his father and dissolved Parliament like he did Summoned Parliament because he needed money Petition of Right Dissolved Parliament again and raised a new tax

English Bill of Rights

Set of laws that William and Mary had to accept when they became the monarch

English Civil War: Roundheads

Simpler and most were small farmers, craftsmen, and Puritan clergy Many of them lacked military training Names comes from their shorter haircuts

James I: clashes with Puritans (thought that the Church of England was too similar to the Catholic church)

Small, but vocal group and challenged the Church of England James I saw them as a threat and tried to suppress their beliefs

Oliver Cromwell (cont.)

Transformed the forces of Parliament into the new model army 1647: his new model army captured King Charles on the battlefield and put him on trial for treason

James II

Younger brother and heir to Charles II Grew up in France and was Catholic Became king in 1658 Parliament created a plan to offer his daughter, Mary, and her husband, William of Orange, the throne of England because they were Protestant

James I

First James to rule England, but the sixth James to rule Scotland First Stuart monarch in England

End of the Commonwealth and return of the Stuarts

1658: Cromwell's death Charles II becomes king (Stuart Restoration)

English Puritan Society

Changes made to society: no work on Sundays, theatres were closed, no gambling, no dancing, drinking culture taken away

Cromwell's actions against the Irish Catholics

English nobles who supported monarchy insight a revolt in Ireland Cromwell went to Ireland with his army and crushed the revolt and devastated Irish people in the process

English Civil War: Cavaliers

Forces of the king Mostly noble and upper-class Long hair and plume-feathered hats Many already had military training Expected to win

English Civil War (1642-1649)

Forces of the king VS forces of Parliament Struggle for the future of the monarchy

The Tudors

Henry, Mary, and Elizabeth Knew how to work with their Parliament (understood the value of working alongside Parliament)

Glorious Revolution

Mary and William took the throne from James II without any loss of life

The Long Parliament (1640-1653)

Met on and off on their own terms Started trying to clean up the government Made a declaration that the king has no authority to dissolve them (Charles' response to this was to arrest the leader)

The Commonwealth

Name of the new Puritan government of England Cromwell declared them to be Republic (reality: military dictatorship) Cromwell ruled England (Lord Protector) and abolished the Anglican church

English Bill of Rights (cont.)

The king must summon Parliament on a regular basis Parliament controls money King can't suspend laws passed by Parliament No king who's Catholic Right to a trial by jury No cruel or unjust punishment No one can be held in prison indefinitely without being charged with a crime

Parliament

The legislative body of England Primary function was to raise taxes and to control the treasury Kings were required to work with Parliament

Limited Monarchy

There is a monarch but their power is limited by one of two things (or both things): Legislature or a written constitution