The English Civil War - World History
JANUARY 1649
CHARLES IS BEHEADED
The Stuarts
Kings of Scotland Invited to take the throne of England Firm believers in the divine right of kings
Oliver Cromwell
Leader of the forces of Parliament (Roundheads) Member of Parliament and a Puritan Skilled general on the battlefield
James I: clashes with Parliament
Lectured them on divine right Lived expensively and lavishly (Parliament didn't like that) Made a habit of dissolving Parliament and side-stepping their authority
Charles II
Ruled for 25 years Repealed Puritan laws Restored Church of England Worked well with Parliament
Charles I
Second Stuart monarch Behaved like his father and dissolved Parliament like he did Summoned Parliament because he needed money Petition of Right Dissolved Parliament again and raised a new tax
English Bill of Rights
Set of laws that William and Mary had to accept when they became the monarch
English Civil War: Roundheads
Simpler and most were small farmers, craftsmen, and Puritan clergy Many of them lacked military training Names comes from their shorter haircuts
James I: clashes with Puritans (thought that the Church of England was too similar to the Catholic church)
Small, but vocal group and challenged the Church of England James I saw them as a threat and tried to suppress their beliefs
Oliver Cromwell (cont.)
Transformed the forces of Parliament into the new model army 1647: his new model army captured King Charles on the battlefield and put him on trial for treason
James II
Younger brother and heir to Charles II Grew up in France and was Catholic Became king in 1658 Parliament created a plan to offer his daughter, Mary, and her husband, William of Orange, the throne of England because they were Protestant
James I
First James to rule England, but the sixth James to rule Scotland First Stuart monarch in England
End of the Commonwealth and return of the Stuarts
1658: Cromwell's death Charles II becomes king (Stuart Restoration)
English Puritan Society
Changes made to society: no work on Sundays, theatres were closed, no gambling, no dancing, drinking culture taken away
Cromwell's actions against the Irish Catholics
English nobles who supported monarchy insight a revolt in Ireland Cromwell went to Ireland with his army and crushed the revolt and devastated Irish people in the process
English Civil War: Cavaliers
Forces of the king Mostly noble and upper-class Long hair and plume-feathered hats Many already had military training Expected to win
English Civil War (1642-1649)
Forces of the king VS forces of Parliament Struggle for the future of the monarchy
The Tudors
Henry, Mary, and Elizabeth Knew how to work with their Parliament (understood the value of working alongside Parliament)
Glorious Revolution
Mary and William took the throne from James II without any loss of life
The Long Parliament (1640-1653)
Met on and off on their own terms Started trying to clean up the government Made a declaration that the king has no authority to dissolve them (Charles' response to this was to arrest the leader)
The Commonwealth
Name of the new Puritan government of England Cromwell declared them to be Republic (reality: military dictatorship) Cromwell ruled England (Lord Protector) and abolished the Anglican church
English Bill of Rights (cont.)
The king must summon Parliament on a regular basis Parliament controls money King can't suspend laws passed by Parliament No king who's Catholic Right to a trial by jury No cruel or unjust punishment No one can be held in prison indefinitely without being charged with a crime
Parliament
The legislative body of England Primary function was to raise taxes and to control the treasury Kings were required to work with Parliament
Limited Monarchy
There is a monarch but their power is limited by one of two things (or both things): Legislature or a written constitution