The Heart

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The second heart sound, __________, marks the point when semilunar valves close.

"dub"

Action potentials in cardiac muscle cells last about ____________________.

250msec

Ventricular systole lasts approximately __________ msec in a normal, resting adult.

270

If undisturbed, the cells of the AV node will depolarize about __________ times per second.

40-60

It takes about __________ msec for the stimulus from the SA node to reach the AV node.

50

Atrial diastole lasts about __________ msec in a resting adult.

700

The stroke volume of the heart is approximately ____________________.

80 ml

Without external interactions, the cells of the SA node depolarize __________ times per minute.

80-100

The free edges of the atrioventricular valves are attached to fibers called ____________________.

chordae tendinae

The Purkinje fibers ____________________.

conduct impulses rapidly

Factors that impact stroke volume and cardiac output include ____________________. a) autonomic activity. b) ion concentration. c) hormone concentrations. d) All of these are true.

d

The most important factor(s) affecting stroke volume is (are) a) end stroke volume. b) ejection fraction c) Both 1 and 2 d) end diastolic pressure.

c

The right atrium receives blood from the ____________________. a) coronary sinus. b) superior vena cava. c) All of these are true. d) inferior vena cava.

c

The bundle branches ____________________. a) conduct impulses to the Purkinje fibers. b) transmit impulses to the left and right ventricles. c) extend to the apex of the heart. d) All of these are true.

d

The left atrioventricular valve is also called the ____________________. a) tricuspid. b) bicuspid. c) mitral. d) Two and three only are true

d

The right and left ventricles are separated from one another by the ____________________. a) coronary sulcus. b) anterior interventricular sulcus. c) posterior interventricular sulcus. d) Both two and three are true.

d

he inner surfaces of the heart are lined with ____________________.

endocardium

The heart has __________ chambers.

four

There are __________ heart sounds.

four

The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow ____________________.

from the atria to the ventricles only

The first electrical event in a normal ECG is the ____________________.

p wave

In a normal resting adult, the effects of the __________ division of the autonomic nervous system dominate.

parasympathetic

the phase found only in cardiac muscle is ____________________.

plateau

The left atrium collects blood from the __________ and empties into the left ventricle.

pulmonary circuit

The left atrium receives blood from the ____________________.

pulmonary veins

When atrial contraction begins, the ventricles are ____________________.

relaxed and in diastole

The moderator band is found in the ____________________.

right ventricle

In an intact heart, the functional pacemaker is the ____________________.

sinoatrial node

The plateau in a cardiac muscle action potential is due to ____________________.

slow calcium channels

Contraction of the chambers of the heart is ____________________.

systole

The first heart sound, "lubb," marks the point when ____________________.

the atrioventricular valve closet

Stroke volume is defined as ____________________.

the blood pumped out of the heart during a single beat

Cardiac output is defined as ____________________.

the blood pumped out of the heart during a single minute

The great cardiac vein drains ____________________.

the region supplied by the anterior interventricular artery

A section through the wall of the heart reveals __________ layer(s).

three

The action potential of cardiac muscles consists of __________ phases.

three

The right atrioventricular valve is also called the ____________________.

tricuspid valve

The heart pumps blood through __________ circuit(s).

two

There are __________ major arteries supplying blood to the heart.

two

The QRS complex represents ____________________.

ventricular depolarization

Atrial systole begins when ____________________.

ventricular diastole ends

The T wave represents ____________________.

ventricular repolarization

Starling's law of the heart refers to the relationship between ____________________.

ventricular stretching and contractile force

The heart muscle is covered by a membrane, the ____________________.

visceral pericardium

The outer layer of the heart is the ____________________.

visceral pericardium

The heart is located ____________________.

Near the anterior chest wall, directly posterior to the sternum.

The dicrotic notch marks the point when the ____________________.

aortic semilunar valve closes

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called ____________________.

arteries

When the heart beats, the __________ contract first.

atria

The P wave represents ____________________.

atrial depolarization

The expandable outer portion of each atrium is called a(n)

auricle

The refractory period of cardiac muscles is __________ than skeletal muscles. a) equal to b) longer than c) shorter than d) None of these are true.

b


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