The Protestant Reformation
What revelation did Martin Luther come upon after studying the gospel of Paul the Apostle?
" Salvation comes through faith, not good works-not through prayer, fasting vigils, pilgrimages, relics, giving to the poor, the sacraments or any action that a person can take. We can't ever be good enough, through our action, to merit salvation. We can only have faith".
Indulgence
A release from all or part of punishment for sin by the Catholic Church, reducing time in purgatory after death
Predestination
Belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved and who will be damned.
Annual
Declare invalid.
Who was the best known Christian Humanist, and what did he belive?
Desiderius Erasmus, he belived that christianity should show people how to live a good life on a daily basis.
Why was Luther's translation of the bible into German such a major event?
For the first time, people other than priests were able to read, understand, and quote the bible themselves.
Ghetto
Formerly a district in a city in which Jews were required to live
What is the Catholic Church Hierarchy?
God Pope Cardinals Archbishops Bishops Priests and Monks Laity
Why was Luther sent away from Rome and to the Univeristy of Wittenburg in Germany?
He became obsessed with confessing his sinfulness and his confessors and teachers were annoyed by it. They thought he would be better off teaching scripture.
What did Henry VIII do following his split from the Pope?
He got rid of England's monasteries, taking power from the church and placing the bible in hands of the people.
Where and when did Martin Luther issue his 95- theses?
He issued his 95 Theses October 31, 1517 on the doors of the Catholic Church.
Why was Martin Luther made an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire?
He refused to change his ideas about Salvation.
Why did Charles V oppose the Reformation?
He saw it as a challenge to church power that disrupted the political and social order.
Who was Martin Luther , and what idea of his became the chief teaching of the Protestant Reformation?
He was a monk in the Catholic Church who is well known for writting the 95-thesis, which later became the chief teaching of the Protestant Reformation.
What brought Martin Luther to the Catholic Church?
He was struck by lighting and declared he would become a monk if he were to survive, so he did.
Who offered opposition to the rule of Charles V?
His rivalry with the King of France, Francis 1.
What did Martin Luthers 95- Theses address?
It addressed what was faulty with the pope's power, extreme wealth, and indulgences.
What was the first Protestant Faith?
Lutheranism
What was the first protestant faith?
Lutheranism, religious doctrine that Martin Luther developed.
Christian Humanism
Movement that developed in northern Europe during the Renaissance, combining classical learning and individualism with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church.
What were the Twelve Articles and the associated rebellion?
Peasants began to echo Luther's language and rebelled by refusing to pay taxes, raising an army, and pillaging church lands. ( Martin Luther did not support this act)
What happened as people began interpreting the scripture in their own ways?
People created spinoff religious such as Zwinglians, Calvinists, Anabaptists, Anglicans, Puritans, Quakers, Methodists, presbyterians, ect...
Why did the Reformation turn into a social revolt?
People fought over different religious teachings, resulting in violent acts towards the churches because the bible states no graven images.
Why did the Reformation spread to England?
Pope Clement VII refused to divorce Henry VIII to Catherine of Aragon so he could remarry so he took away the churches power giving him the authority to decide matters relating to the church.
When Luther visited Rome in 1505, what caused him great concern?
Rome's corruption, including prostitutes in the streets, and priests not following the church doctrine.
Which direction did Elizabeth I take the Church of England during her reign?
She stayed between Calvinism and Catholicism, focusing on worship and a revised book of common prayer.
Protestant=
Someone who protested against the Catholic Church.
Salvation
State of being saved through faith alone or through faith and good works.
Which nation established the first Lutheran state church and why?
The Duchy of Prussia because Albert of Prussia agreed with the theology of Martin Luther and it gave him an opportunity to bolster his military.
How did Luther's ideas become so popular and influential?
The Printing Press made it possible to copy over 2000 editions of Luther's writings, allowing us to distribute them amongst millions of people.
What was the result of the German Peasants Revolt?
The deaths of 100,00 people
How and when did the end to religious warfare in Germany come, and what did this mean for Christianity?
The end to religious warfare occurred in 1555 with the peace of Ausburg. This meant that they accepted the division of Christianity in Germany.
How did the Protestant Reformation unfold in Switzerland?
The following reformers John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli copied Martin Luther by speaking out and creating their own doctrine.
Justification
The process of being justified, or deemed worthy of salvation, by God
Lutheranism
The religious doctrine that Martin Luther developed; it differed from Catholicism in the doctrine of salvation, which Luther believed could be achieved by faith alone, not by good works.
What did all of these new Protestant religions believe?
They believed that they had the correct interpretation of the bible and how to worship God. They believed that everyone else was going to hell.
Why did many more princes and kings follow Albert of Prussia's example?
They realized that Protestantism allowed them to take the power from the church and use it among themselves.
Why did Christian humanists call for reform in the church?
They thought that if people read the bible and practiced the fundamentals of teaching christianity, they would become sincerely religious.
Reformation=
When people demand changes
