The Pubescent Period

Normal changes a female undergoes during puberty

-pubarche -mood swings -thelarche

Normal changes a male undergoes during puberty

-voice changes -uncontrollable erection -spermarche -nocturnal emissions

Sperm pathway

1. Seminiferous tubules 2. Rete testis 3. Epididymis 4. Vas Deferens 5. Seminal Vesicles 6. Prostate Gland 7. Membranous urethra 8. Penile urethra

Menstrual Cycle order

1. Shedding of the endometrial lining 2. Anterior pituitary gland secretes FSH 3. Endometrial lining thickens 4. Marked increase of LH 5. Ruptured follicle 6. Increase in progesterone 7. Corpus albicans

Ovulation usually occurs on Day __ of the Menstrual Cycle

15th

In assessment of the pubescent male, the boy who has a few "countable" pubic hair is considered at this Tanner stage:

2

Normal amount of menses

30-80mL

In assessment of the pubescent female, a girl with a full amount of pubic hair is considered Tanner state

4 or 5

Most common site for fertilization

Ampulla

Greater vestibular galnds

Bartholin's glands; secrete during sex

Vagina

Birth canal

seminal vesicles

Connect to ejaculatory duct secrete thick viscous alkaline fluid containing nutrients

Congestive cramping

Deep, dull ache

Epididymis

Duct where sperm cells mature

False

During puberty, increased appetite leads to acne (T/F)

True

During puberty, males grow hair in more places than females (T/F)

This hormone level is highest during the proliferative phase

Estrogen

A sharp increase in progesterone causes the phenomenon of ovulation (T/F)

False

As soon as the placenta is formed, it takes over the role of estrogen and progesterone over the course of the pregnancy (T/F)

False

Boys and girls are likely to have more energy during puberty (T/F)

False

During pregnancy, the corpus luteum is maintained due to the presence of the luteinizing hormone (T/F)

False

Nocturnal emissions are mostly associated with the increased libido of pubescent boy (T/F)

False

Spermatids are considered mature and functional sperm (T/F)

False

Spermatogenesis is a cyclic phenomena (T/F)

False

The primordial follicle is also known as the mature ovarian follicle (T/F)

False

The semen is slightly acidic (T/F)

False

The urethra carries both urine and semen at the same time (T/F)

False

Urethra carries both urine and semen at the same time (T/F)

False

The ovum completes the second stage of meiosis upon ovulation (T/F)

False (after ovulation)

Oogenesis begins during puberty

False (begins before birth)

Adrenarch marks the onset of puberty in males (T/F)

False (onset of androgen dependent body changes)

To remedy menstrual cramping, cold packs on the perineum are advised (T/F)

Flase (Hot/warm)

Hormone secreted to stimulate production of sperm cells

Follicle stimulating hormone

Phase of the Ovarian Cycle with the Proliferative Phase

Follicular

This is the type of cells located within the seminiferous tubules that differentiate to sperm cells

Germ cells

This hormone is released by the hypothalamus during the onset of puberty

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

This hormone prevents the degeneration of the corpus luteum

Human chorionic gonadotropin

Hormone that causes rupture of the graafian follicle

Lutenizing hormone

This refers to the first menstrual period

Menarche

This marks the beginning of the new menstrual cycle

Menses

a period characterized by the discharge of blood, mucus, epithelial cells from the uterus in the absence of pregnancy

Menstruation

Spinnbarkeit: watery & stretchy egg white cervical mucus

Most fertile

Spinnbakeit: Dry/tacky/creamy/thick/sticky

Not fertile

pre-ischemic

Phase of the endometrial cycle where the corpus luteum degenerates to corpus albicans

Progesterone

Produced by corpus luteum Target: uterus, mammary glands, body tissues Maintain uterine lining

Estrogen

Produced by follicles/placenta Target: utertus, mammary glands, body tissues Primary & secondary sex characteristics & proliferation

Ovary

Produces estrogen and progesterone

Skene's Gland

Produces secretions that lubricate the vagina

Phase of the menstrual cycle that begins when the endometrial lining is at its thinnest

Proliferative phase

This is the period when a boy an a girl become sexually active

Puberty

Mittelschmerz

Refers to the abdominal pain occurring during ovulation at the site of ovulation

Spinnbarkeit

Refers to the evaluation of the elasticity of cervical mucus to determine time of ovulation (estrogen)

Leydig cells (interstitial cells)

Secrete androgen = testosterone

Phase of the endometrial cycle when the uterine lining develops a corkscrew appearance

Secretory phase

Spinnbarkeit: cloudy & stretchy

Semi-fertile

The process by such mature, functional spermatozoa are formed

Spermatogenesis

The process by which mature, functional spermatozoa are formed

Spermiogenesis (final stage of spermatogenesis)

In assessment of the pubescent male, the boy who has a few, "countable" pubic hair is considered to be at this Tanner stage

Tanner stage 2

covered by tunica albuginea

Testes

The hormone that causes secondary sex characteristics in males

Testosterone/androgen

Prostate gland

The accessory gland surrounding the urethra that produces an alkaline milky white secretion

Spermatic cord

This is the connective tissue sheath that encloses the vas deferens along with nerves and blood vessels

Germ cells

This is the type of cells located within the seminiferous tubules that differentiate to a sperm cells

Menses

This marks the beginning of the new menstrual cycle

Basal body temperature may slightly decrease before ovulation and elevate after ovulation (T/F)

True

Gynecomastia is a normal finding among pubescent boys (T/F)

True

In females, one breast may grow quicker than the other (T/F)

True

In females, one breast may grow quicker that the other (T/F)

True

Irregular menstruation are normal during the 1st 2 years of puberty

True

Luteinizing hormone stimulates the release of the egg cell from the ovarian follicle (T/F)

True

Spermatogenesis begins at puberty in males (T/F)

True

Testicular growth precedes penis growth (T/F)

True

At birth, the female body has a set number of oocytes (T/F)

True - females cant make new egg cells

In theory, puberty is attained as soon as the boy or girl achieves a certain

Weight

Uterine tube

common site of fertilization

Penis

conveys both urine and human gametes

Capacitation of the spermatozoa occurs in the epididymis (T/F)

false (uterus)

The union of the sperm cell and the egg cell

fertilization

Fimbriae

finger or fringe like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes

Polymenorrhagia

frequent cycle interval (<21 days)

Menorrhagia

hypermenorrhea; excessive menstrual bleeding

metorrhagia

irregular uterine bleeding between menses

Menstrual cycle health

lower salt in diet, avoid caffeine, warm heating pads, safe sex

A special type of cell division occurring in the gonads

meiosis

Sertoli cells

nourish sperm

thelarche

onset of breast development

Hormone that stimulates let-down reflex

oxytocin

Semen pH & ejaculation volume

pH 7.2-7.6 2 - 5 mL

A diamond-shaped region that includes the labial folds and the anus

perineum

Capacitation of sperm

process by which spermatozoa become activated for fertilization; occurs in the vagina(uterus)

Prostate Gland

produces a whitish, milky white shit alkaline fluid enhance motility of spermatozoa

Main function of vas deferens

propel live sperm

Menstrual cramps are due to...

release of prostaglandins

oligomenorrhea

scanty or infrequent menstrual flow

bulbourethral/cowper glands

secrete alkaline mucus-like fluid that lubricate the urethra produces secretions that lubricate the male urethra

Spasmodic Cramping

sharp pain

Uterus

site of implantation of the fertilized egg

Seminiferous Tubules

site of spermatogenesis

menarche

the first menstrual period