The Respiratory System

Physicians recommend that people breathe through their noses instead of their mouths. Which of the following occurs as air is drawn through the nose?

Air is warmed and filtered

Which statement about carbon dioxide transport is false?

An increase in the number of hydrogen ions increases the Ph of the blood

Chronic lung disorder characterized by spasms of the bronchi which cause difficulty in breathing

Asthma

Arrange the following entries in the order in which air contacts them as air is drawn into the body: a trachea, b bronchiole, c pharynx, d alveoli, e larynx

C e a b d

During the cough reflex, the trachea ____ slightly to increase the velocity of air movement

Constricts

Air in the airways that does not participate in gas exchange is known as

Dead space volume

Deoxygenated blood is transported to the pulmonary capillaries of the lungs by the pulmonary veins; oxygenated blood is transported away from the pulmonary capillaries by the pulmonary arteries.

False

Hemoglobin

Is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen

After blood becomes oxygenated,

It returns to the heart and is then pumped to body cells

The respiratory center, which determines breathing rate, is located in the ___ of the brain

Medulla oblongata

External respiration is the process of

Moving gases into or out of the blood stream with the lung tissue

An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the body will result in a decrease in the Ph of cerebrospinal fluid, which will result in an increase in breathing rate.

True

Lung capacity is usually measured with a spirometer.

True

Burning of carbon based fuels can produce ____, an odorless gas that competes with oxygen for binding to hemoglobin.

Carbon monoxide

Carbaminohemoglobin differs from hemoglobin in that Carbaminohemoglobin

Is bound to carbon dioxide

Internal respiration

Movement of carbon dioxide from interstitial fluids into the blood

Inflammation of the epithelial membranes enclosing the lungs

Pleurisy

Inflammation of the lungs due to viral or bacterial infection; secretion of excess fluid in the lungs prevents proper gas exchange

Pneumonia

Hemoglobin acts as a buffer because

Protons released by the dissociation of carbonic acid bind to hemoglobin, preventing large swings in blood Ph

During inspiration, intercostal muscles function to

Pull the rib cage up and out, so that lung volume increases

The exchange of gases in the lungs occurs between the alveoli and the ____ capillaries.

Pulmonary

The air that remains in the lungs after a forceful exhalation

Residual volume

Most of the carbon dioxide released by cells is transported in the venous supply in what form?

Soluble bicarbonate ion

Lung diseases, such as emphysema, can be diagnosed by measuring lung volumes and the rates at which these volumes change.

True

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with blood directly across the alveoli.

True

Surfactant is released surface tension in the alveoli.

True

An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the body will cause

A decrease in the ph of the cerebrospinal fluid

Ventilation refers to the process by which

Air moves into and out of the lungs

Which of the following is true regarding lung cancer?

All of the above

Which of the following is true regarding the effect of smoking on the respiratory system?

All of the above (destroy cilia, increase of mucus, increase risk of infection by pathogens, smokers cough)

From which structures do oxygen molecules move from the lungs to the blood?

Alveoli

Which of the following disorders are described as follows: damage to motor nerves innervating skeletal muscle, skeletal muscles weaken, death usually results within 5 years of diagnosis?

Amytrophic lateral sclerosis

A condition in which wheezing occurs with breathlessness, a persistent cough, and yields yellowish or greenish phlegm is

Bronchitis

Inflammation of the bronchi; symptoms include a persistent cough, wheezing and the production of phlegm

Bronchitis

Condition that causes an accumulation of fluid in the spaces between the pulmonary capillaries and alveoli due to inadequate pumping of blood by the heart

Congestive heart failure

Which of the following results from the stimulation by nerve impulses generated in the repository center when they arrive at the muscles involved in inspiration?

Contraction of the diaphragm

This muscle separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

Diaphragm

Chronic lung disorder that results from permanent damage to the alveoli as a consequence do smoking or exposure to pollutants

Emphysema

During the ingestion of food or liquid, the ____ tips to block the opening to the trachea.

Epiglottis

Breathing

Exchange of air between lungs and the environment

The amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs beyond the tidal volume

Expiratory reserve volume

Hemoglobin in red blood cells can bind both oxygen and carbon dioxide, but not at the same time since they use the same binding site.

False

Oxygen moves from the lungs into the blood during internal respiration.

False

Suns is used to treat chronic bronchitis

False

A small amount of fluid is contained in the pleural cavity to

Function as a lubricant as the lungs move during ventilation

The respiratory control center is located

In the medulla oblongata

Intrapulmonary pressure must be reduced prior to the process of

Inhalation

During exhalation, the pressure inside the lungs

Initially is higher than atmospheric pressure, but drops as the air leaves the body

The amount of air that can be inhaled beyond the tidal volume

Inspiratory reserve volume

The structure known as the Adam's apple is associated with the ___ an organ of the respiratory system.

Larynx

When air leaves the pharynx, it next enters the

Larynx

The basic pattern of inhalation and exhalation is controlled by a region at the base of the brain called the

Medulla oblongata

External respiration

Movement of oxygen across alveoli into the bloodstream

Which of the following best explains why humans must constantly breathe in oxygen in order to stay alive?

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the process of cellular respiration, which results in the production of the ATPs required to fuel cell functions

Which of the following is a symptom of botulism?

Paralysis of muscles used for breathing

During inhalation,

The diaphragm and rib muscles contract

The interface between the air and the blood is composed of

The epithelial cells of the alveolus, the ex acellular fluid, and the capillary wall

Cellular respiration

The process that results in water being produced as a byproduct

The amount of air entering the lungs with every breath

Tidal volume

The amount of air that enters and leaves the lungs with each breath is the

Tidal volume

There is substantial evidence that kids who live with smokers are at an increased risk for asthma.

True

Which of the following statements about oxygen transport is false?

Under normal circumstances, 50% of the oxygen is unloaded at the cellular level

Sound results from the ___ of the vocal chords as air passes through the larynx

Vibration

The max amount of air that can be exhaled after a max inhale

Vital capacity