The Skeleton
The word "ilium" translates as:
"flank"
The word "trapezoid" translates as:
"four-sided"
The term "foramen magnum" translates as:
"great hole"
The word "capitate" translates as:
"head-shaped"
The word "calcaneus" translates as:
"heel bone"
The word "ischium" translates as:
"hip"
The word "hamate" translates as:
"hooked"
The word "manubrium" translates as:
"knife handle"
The word "malleolus" translates as:
"little hammer"
The word "clavicle" translates as:
"little key"
The word "trapezium" translates as:
"little table"
The word "lunate" translates as:
"moon-like"
The word "pisiform" translates as:
"pea-shaped"
The word "fibula" translates as:
"pin"
The word "glenoid" translates as:
"pit-shaped"
The word "vomer" translates as:
"ploughshare"
The word "trochlea" translates as:
"pulley"
The word "lacrimal" translates as:
"referring to tears"
The word "mental" translates as:
"referring to the chin"
The word "sphenoid" translates as:
"resembles a wedge"
The term "pterygoid" translates as:
"resembles a wing"
The word "radius" translates as:
"rod"
The term "crista galli" translates as:
"rooster's comb"
"Linea aspera" translates as:
"rough line"
The word "sacrum" translates as:
"sacred" from the belief that the soul resides in it
The word "pubis" translates as:
"sexually mature"
The word "xiphoid" translates as:
"sword-like"
The word "acromion" translates as:
"the point of the shoulder"
The term "foramen spinosum" translates as:
"thorn hole"
The word "triquetrum" translates as:
"triangular"
The word "hypoglossal" translates as:
"under the tongue"
The word "cuneiform" translates as:
"wedge shaped"
How many thoracic vertebrae are there in a human?
12
How many phalanges are there in your left hand?
14
How many phalanges are there on a foot?
14
The age of fusion for the squamous suture is __________ years.
40-70
How many cervical vertebrae are there in humans?
7
How many tarsal bones make up the tarsus?
7 bones
How many bones are there in the wrist?
8
The head of the femur articulates with the _______ of the pelvis.
Acetabulum
The head of the femur meets the pelvis at the:
Acetabulum
Which end of a clavicle looks like the blade of a hockey stick?
Acromial end
Which end of the clavicle articulates with the scapula?
Acromial end
The pectoralis minor and trapezius muscles insert onto the __________ of the scapula.
Acromion
The spine of the scapula ends laterally in an enlarged, roughened triangular projection called the:
Acromion
What part of the shoulder blade forms a landmark for injections?
Acromion
The deltoid muscle has part of its origin on the _________ and _________ of the scapula.
Acromion, spine
What inner thigh muscle has its origin on the ischial tuberosity?
Adductor magnus
What inner thigh muscle inserts onto the medial epicondyle of the femur?
Adductor magnus
The intertrochanteric line is located on the ______ side of the femur.
Anterior
The tibial tuberosity is located on the _______ proximal end of the tibia.
Anterior
The sharp ridge running vertically along the front of the tibia is called the:
Anterior border
The sharp subcutaneous ridge of the tibia that extends from the tuberosity to the anterior part of the medial malleolus is called the:
Anterior border
What part of the tibia gives attachment to the deep fascia of the leg?
Anterior border
What part of the pelvis is abbreviated AIIS?
Anterior inferior iliac spine
McBurney's point is the name given to the point over the right side of the abdomen that is one-third of the distance from the ___________ to the umbilicus (navel). This point roughly corresponds to the most common location of the base of the appendix where it is attached to the cecum. Deep tenderness in this area is a sign of acute appendicitis.
Anterior superior iliac spine
The iliac crest ends anteriorly in the blunt:
Anterior superior iliac spine
The sartorius muscle of the thigh has its origin on the _______ of the pelvis.
Anterior superior iliac spine
What part of the pelvis is abbreviated ASIS?
Anterior superior iliac spine
The five irregular bones of the midfoot—the cuboid, navicular, and three cuneiform bones—form the __________ of the foot which serves as a shock absorber.
Arches
What cervical vertebra articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull?
Atlas
What cervical vertebra is named for a figure in Greek Mythology who holds up the world?
Atlas
What cervical vertebrae differs from the other vertebrae in that it has no body and no spinous process. It has instead a ring-like form, having an anterior and a posterior arch and two lateral masses?
Atlas
What two bones of the neck form a pivot joint?
Atlas and axis
What two neck bones help us rotate our head?
Atlas and axis
The most distinctive characteristic of the ______ is the strong odontoid process known as the dens which rises perpendicularly from the upper surface of the body.
Axis
What bone has a dens?
Axis
What is another name for C2?
Axis
The ______________, or midportion, forms the bulk of the sternum.
Body
The sides of the __________ are notched where the sternum articulates with the costal cartilages of the second to the seventh ribs.
Body
What bone is intermediate to the manubrium and xiphoid process?
Body
The foramen magnum is the boundary between the:
Brain and spinal cord
What thick tendon of the calf muscles attaches to the posterior surface of the calcaneus?
Calcaneal tendon
What foot bone carries the talus on its superior surface?
Calcaneus
What part of the distal end of the humerus looks like a small ball and articulates with the head of the radius?
Capitulum
What hole is just anterior to the jugular foramen?
Carotid canal
The mnemonic "Sally Left The Party To Take Cindy Home" is used to remember the:
Carpal bones
What group of bones are arranged in two irregular rows of four bones each?
Carpals
Which region of the spine has bifurcated spinous processes?
Cervical
Which region of the spine has transverse foramen?
Cervical
A ________is a Y-shaped fissure on the chin with an underlying bony peculiarity. Specifically, the chin fissure follows the fissure in the lower jaw bone that resulted from the incomplete fusion of the left and right halves of the jaw bone, or muscle, during the embryonic and fetal development.
Chin cleft
The curves in the ____________ ensure that it usually fractures anteriorly (outward) to prevent damaging the subclavian artery.
Clavicle
The pectoral girdle is composed of the scapula and the:
Clavicle
What bone has a sternal end and an acromial end?
Clavicle
What bone joins the shoulder blade to the sternum?
Clavicle
What bone, when fractured, results in the entire shoulder region to collapse medially?
Clavicle
What bones transmit compression forces from the upper limbs to the axial skeleton, for example, when someone pushes a car to a gas station?
Clavicles
What slender, S-shaped bones act as braces by holding the scapulae and arms out laterally, away from the narrower superior part of the thorax?
Clavicles
In females, the pubic symphysis is intimately close to the:
Clitoris
The name ______________ is from the Greek word meaning "cuckoo" and was so named because of its fancied resemblance to a bird's beak.
Coccyx
What is our tailbone called?
Coccyx
What part of the spine articulates superiorly with the sacrum?
Coccyx
What region of the spine consists of four (or in some cases three or five) vertebrae fused together?
Coccyx
What region of the spine is the most caudal?
Coccyx
The occipital ___________ articulate with the atlas vertebra of the spine.
Condyles
What suture forms the posterior border of the frontal bone?
Coronal suture
Onto what part of the mandible does the temporalis muscle insert?
Coronoid process
The ________ is located on the superior margin of the mandibular ramus and anterior to the mandibular notch.
Coronoid process
The mandibular notch is located between the anterior ___________ and the posterior ____________,
Coronoid process; mandibular condyle
What secures the ribs to the sternum?
Costal cartilages
Perforated with many small holes where the olfactory nerves enter the brain, the __________is located on either side of the crista galli.
Cribriform plate
What ethmoid structure supports the olfactory lobes?
Cribriform plate
On either side of the ______________, the cribriform plate is narrow and deeply grooved; it supports the olfactory bulb and is perforated by foramina for the passage of the olfactory nerves.
Crista galli
The superior portion of the ethmoid bone is fin-shaped structure called the:
Crista galli
What part of the ethmoid serves as the attachment of the falx cerebri (a protective brain covering)?
Crista galli
The __________ bone is the most lateral of the bones in the distal row of the tarsus.
Cuboid
The tibialis posterior muscle inserts onto the undersurface of the _________ bone of the tarsus.
Cuboid
What tarsal bone is immediately distal to the calcaneus?
Cuboid
The ______ bones are located between the navicular bone and the first, second and third metatarsal bones and are medial to the cuboid bone.
Cuneiform
What part of the humerus serves as the attachment point for the deltoid muscle?
Deltoid tuberosity
Fossa: projection, depression, or opening?
Depression
What indentations of the lower back are created by a short ligament stretching between the posterior superior iliac spine and the skin>
Dimples of Venus
What row of carpal bones includes the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate: proximal or distal?
Distal
Each condyle of the femur is surmounted by an elevation, the:
Epicondyle
The ____________is an unpaired bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain.
Ethmoid
The nasal bone articulates laterally with the _______ bone.
Ethmoid
What bone contributes to the medial wall of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the nasal septum?
Ethmoid
What cranial bone is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits?
Ethmoid
The ear canal is referred to as the:
External acoustic meatus
The external ear canal is called the:
External acoustic meatus
A branch of the _____________ nerve passes through the stylomastoid foramen?
Facial
The anterior border of the tibia is covered by muscles. True or False?
False
The calcaneus bone forms the sole of your foot. True or False?
False
Ribs 8-12 are called the:
False ribs
What makes a rib a false rib?
False ribs either attach indirectly to the sternum or entirely lack a sternal attachment.
Which sex has a greater curvature in the lower half of the sacrum?
Female
Which sex has a wider and shallower greater sciatic notch: female or male?
Female
The greater and lesser trochanters are part of the proximal portion of the:
Femur
The thigh bone is known as the:
Femur
What bone articulates with the acetabulum?
Femur
What bone is roughly one-quarter of person's height?
Femur
What bone is connected to the tibia via an interosseous membrane?
Fibula
What leg bone has a heavily-ridged shaft that appears to have been twisted a quarter turn?
Fibula
What stick-like bone forms the conspicuous lateral ankle bulge?
Fibula
Both the fibularis brevis and fibularis tertius muscles insert onto the ____________________ metatarsal bone.
Fifth
The fibularis longus muscle inserts onto the ____________ metatarsal bone.
First
The tibialis anterior muscle inserts onto the base of which metatarsal bone?
First
Which metatarsal bone is the shortest?
First
Which metatarsal bone articulates with the medial cuneiform bone?
First metarsal
What muscle has its origin on the lateral cuneiform bone?
Flexor hallucis brevis
What flexor muscle inserts onto the distal phalanx of the big toe?
Flexor hallucis longus
Rib pairs 11 and 12 are called ________ because they have no anterior attachments. Instead their costal cartilages lie embedded in the muscles of the lateral body wall.
Floating ribs
The bones of the _______ include the tarsus, metatarsus, and phalanges.
Foot
The hallux is a phalanx on the:
Foot
The largest hole in the skull is the:
Foramen magnum
Lateral to the sella turcica is a small hole called the:
Foramen rotundum
The ophthalmic maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve transits the _______________ of the sphenoid bone.
Foramen rotundum
The middle meningeal artery enters the skull through the:
Foramen spinosum
The middle meningeal artery passes through the:
Foramen spinosum
The tiny holes of the cribriform plate are called:
Foramina
The age of fusion for the coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid sutures is __________ years.
Forty
Each vertebra has _______ articular processes.
Four
The ring toe is the _______ toe.
Fourth
Which metatarsal bones articulate with the cuboid bone
Fourth and fifth metatarsal bones
The coronoid suture separates the _______ bone from the parietal bones.
Frontal
The nasal bone articulates superiorly with the _____ bone.
Frontal
What cranial bone is the forehead?
Frontal bone
The head of the humerus articulates with the _________ of the scapula.
Glenoid cavity
What three cranial nerves exit the skull via the jugular formamen?
Glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), and accessory (XI) nerves
The gluteus maximus muscle inserts onto the _______ of the femur.
Gluteal tuberosity
The lateral ridge of the linea aspera is very rough, and runs almost vertically upward to the base of the greater trochanter. It is termed the ___________, and gives attachment to part of the gluteus maximus muscle.
Gluteal tuberosity
What part of the femur is the insertion of the gluteus maximus muscle?
Gluteal tuberosity
What tuberosity is part of the proximal end of the femur?
Gluteal tuberosity
The larger trochanter is called the ____________ trochanter.
Greater
Just inferior to the posterior inferior iliac spine, the ilium indents deeply to form the:
Greater sciatic notch
What notch holds the piriformis, the superior gluteal vein and artery, and the superior gluteal nerve; the inferior gluteal vein and artery and the inferior gluteal nerve; the sciatic and posterior femoral cutaneous nerves; the internal pudendal artery and veins, and the nerves to the internal obturator and quadratus femoris muscles.
Greater sciatic notch
What part of the femur is the insertion of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles?
Greater trochanter
What part of the femur is the origin of the vastus lateralis muscle?
Greater trochanter
The big toe or _________ only contains two phalanx bones, the proximal and distal.
Hallux
What thigh muscles have their origin on the ischial tuberosity?
Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus)
The palatine process of maxilla is the frontal portion of the:
Hard palate
The proximal end of the fibula is called the:
Head
What organ lies on the diaphragm just deep the xiphisternal joint?
Heart
The mandibular body is the _________ branch of the mandible.
Horizontal
The deltoid tuberosity is located on what bone?
Humerus
What bone is located between the elbow and scapula?
Humerus
What is the sole bone of the arm?
Humerus
What bone forms the top of the larynx?
Hyoid
What bone is the only bone that does not articulate with any other bone?
Hyoid
What horseshoe-shaped bone provides attachment to the muscles of the floor of the mouth and the tongue above, the larynx below, and the epiglottis and pharynx behind?
Hyoid
What is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone?
Hyoid
What cranial nerve innervates most of the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
What saddle-shaped depression is located in the medial section of the sphenoid bone?
Hypophyseal fossa of sella turcica
Two important spinal muscles have their origins on the _________ of the pelvis: erector spinae and quadratus lumborum.
Iliac crest
What part of the pelvis serves as an origin for the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Iliac crest
What part of the pelvis serves as an origin for the thigh muscle, tensor fasciae latae?
Iliac crest
When you rest your hands on your hips, you are resting them on the thickened margins of the alae, the ________, to which many muscles attach.
Iliac crests
The medial surface of the ilium exhibits a concavity called the:
Iliac fossa
What part of the pelvis has the greater sciatic notch?
Ilium
What pelvic bone is most superior?
Ilium
What three bones form the acetabulum?
Ilium, ischium, and pubis
What part of the lumbar vertebra resembles the dewlap of a moose?
Inferior articular process
The superior articular processes of a vertebra articulate with the __________________ of the adjoining vertebra.
Inferior articular processes
The intermediate cuneiform is shaped like a wedge, the thin end pointing:
Inferiorly
The concavity below the spine of the scapula is called the:
Infraspinous fossa
What part of the scapula is the origin of the infraspinatus muscle?
Infraspinous fossa
What important ligament is attached to the anterior superior iliac spine?
Inguinal ligament
What part of the pelvis is also called the sitting bones?
Ischial tuberosity
What part of the pelvis is the origin for the hamstring muscles?
Ischial tuberosity
What part of the pelvis is the origin of the adductor magnus muscle?
Ischial tuberosity
When we sit, our weight is borne by the inferior surface of the ischium that is rough and grossly thickened and known as the:
Ischial tuberosity
The ilium and pubis help to form the hip bone. What other bone is involved in forming the hip bone?
Ischium
What is the pelvic bone you sit on?
Ischium
What region of the pelvis has the lesser sciatic notch?
Ischium
What two bones form the obturator foramen?
Ischium and pubis
The glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves exit the skull via the:
Jugular foramen
The internal jugular vein exits the skull via the:
Jugular foramen
The central indentation in the superior border of the manubrium is called the:
Jugular notch
What part of the manubrium is generally in line with the disc between the second and third thoracic vertebrae and the point where the left common carotid artery issues from the aorta?
Jugular notch
The ligamentum flava ("yellow ligament") that joins one vertebra to another is attached to the ____________ of a vertebra.
Lamina
The jugular foramen is ________ to the occipital condyles.
Lateral
The mental foramen is located on the ________ side of the mandibular body.
Lateral
The occipital condyles are anterior and __________ to the foramen magnum.
Lateral
In respect to the foramen ovale, the foramen spinosum is:
Lateral and posterior
In respect to the foramen rotundum, the foramen ovale is:
Lateral and posterior
Which tarsal bone articulates with the third metatarsal?
Lateral cuneiform
The distal end of the fibula is called the:
Lateral malleolus
What part of the fibula forms the conspicuous lateral ankle bulge?
Lateral malleolus
The smaller trochanter is called the _____________ trochanter.
Lesser
What part of the femur is the insertion of the iliacus muscle?
Lesser trochanter
What part of the femur is the insertion of the psoas major muscle?
Lesser trochanter
The ___________ is a ridge of roughened surface on the posterior surface of the femur, to which are attached muscles .
Linea aspera
The adductor magnus muscle partially inserts onto the ______ of the femur.
Linea aspera
What region of the spine has the largest vertebrae?
Lumbar
What regions of the spine have only five vertebrae?
Lumbar and sacral regions
What vertebrae resemble the head of a moose?
Lumbar vertebrae
Which sex has a longer but narrower sacrum?
Male
Which sex has a more acute pubic arch angle: female or male?
Male
The sharp corner where the mandibular body meets the mandibular ramus is called the:
Mandibular angle
The horizontal branch of the mandible is called the:
Mandibular body
What branch of the trigeminal nerve transits the foramen ovale?
Mandibular branch (V3)
What branch of the trigeminal nerve enters the lower jaw through the mandibular foramen?
Mandibular branch (V₃)
What part of the mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa?
Mandibular condyle
If a dentist needs to deaden one half of the lower jaw she can inject lidocaine near the:
Mandibular foramen
The mandibular condyle, the mandibular notch, and the coronoid process are all located on the superior margin of the:
Mandibular ramus
The vertical branch of the mandible is called the:
Mandibular ramus
In the midline on the anterior surface of the mandible is a faint ridge, an indication of the ___________________, where the bone is formed by the fusion of right and left processes during mandibular development.
Mandibular symphysis
What part of the sternum is shaped like the knot of a necktie?
Manubrium
What part of the sternum is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Manubrium
What sternal bone articulates with the clavicles and the first two pairs of ribs?
Manubrium
What two parts of the sternum articulate with the second rib?
Manubrium and body
The large bump posterior to the ear is the ___________ of the temporal bone.
Mastoid process
What part of the temporal bone is the insertion for the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Mastoid process
The upper jawbone is the:
Maxilla
What skull bone forms most of the roof of the mouth?
Maxilla
The upper jawbone is formed from the fusion of two _______ bones.
Maxillary
What parts of the femur articulate with the tibia?
Medial and lateral condyles
The collateral ligaments of the knee joint are attached to the _______________ of the femur.
Medial and lateral epicondyles
The trochlea and capitulum of the humerus are flanked by muscle attachment sites called:
Medial and lateral epicondyles
What important knee ligament is attached to the medial epicondyle of the femur?
Medial collateral ligament
The medial collateral ligament of the knee is attached to what tibial structure?
Medial condyle
Which cuneiform bone articulates with the first metatarsal bone?
Medial cuneiform bone
Which of the cuneiform bones is the largest?
Medial cuneiform bone
What three tarsal bones are located intermediate between the navicular and metarsals I, II, & III?
Medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, and lateral cuneiform
The outermost protrusion on the medial surface of the medial condyle is referred to as the ___________ and can be palpated by running fingers medially from the patella with the knee in flexion.
Medial epicondyle
What part of the tibia forms the medial bulge of the ankle?
Medial malleolus
Which supracondylar line ends distally at the adductor tubercle?
Medial supracondyar line
What nerve is compressed in a person suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome?
Median nerve
Mastoiditis is dangerous because it can lead to possibly lethal:
Meningitis
What hole is located on the lateral side of the mandibular body?
Mental foramen
What bones form the palm of the hand?
Metacarpals
The ___________ are analogous to the metacarpals of the hand.
Metatarsals
The ______________ are a group of five long bones in the foot, located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes.
Metatarsals
The metatarsus consists of five small long bones called:
Metatarsals
The third toe is the ________ toe.
Middle
What artery transits the foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery
What kind of synovial joint is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
Modified hinge
The _______ bones are two small oblong bones located side by side that form the bridge of the nose.
Nasal
The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid is located with the:
Nasal cavity
The perpendicular plate of ethmoid forms the superior half of the:
Nasal septum
The _____________ bone in humans is located on the medial side of the foot, and articulates proximally with the talus, distally with the three cuneiform bones, and laterally with the cuboid.
Navicular
The name of what tarsal bone is derived from the human bone's resemblance to a small boat, caused by its strongly concave proximal articular surface?
Navicular
What tarsal bone is immediately distal to the talus bone?
Navicular
Just distal to the head of the femur is the:
Neck
In what cranial bone is the foreman magnum?
Occipital
In what cranial bone is the hypoglossal canal?
Occipital
The hypoglossal canals is located superior and medial to the:
Occipital condyles
Foramen: projection, depression, or opening?
Opening
Meatus: projection, depression, or opening?
Opening
Through what holes do the optic nerves transit in the sphenoid bone?
Optic canals
What small bone is located posterior to the palatine process of maxilla and completes the hard palate?
Palatine bone
The maxillary portion of the hard palate is called the:
Palatine process of maxilla
What superior cranial bone is intermediate to the frontal and occipital bone?
Parietal
The __________ is a thick, circular-triangular bone which articulates with the femur (thigh bone) and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint.
Patella
The kneecap is called the:
Patella
The primary functional role of the _________ is knee extension. It adds leverage that the tendon can exert on the femur by increasing the angle at which it acts.
Patella
What bone has a name that means "shallow dish"?
Patella
What bone is connected to the tibial tuberosity by a ligament?
Patella
What is the largest sesamoid bone of the body?
Patella
What part of the femur articulates with the patella?
Patellar surface
What part of the femur articulates with the posterior side of the patella?
Patellar surface
What part of the skeleton is composed of a pair of os coxae?
Pelvis
What part of the ethmoid bone forms the superior half of the nasal septum?
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
The ____________ of the hand are commonly known as the finger bones
Phalanges
The digital bones of the feet are called the:
Phalanges
Each toe consists of three _________ bones, the proximal, middle and distal, with the exception of the big toe
Phalanx
Hypophysis is another name for the _________ gland.
Pituitary gland
What important endocrine gland rests inside the hypophyseal fossa of sella turcica?
Pituitary gland
The greater sciatic notch is located on the ________ of the ilium.
Posterior
The intercondylar notch is located on the _________ side of the femur.
Posterior
The linea aspera is located on the ______ side of the femur.
Posterior
The mandibular condyle is located ___________ to the coronoid process.
Posterior
The medial and lateral condyles are much more prominent on the _____________ side of the femur.
Posterior
Which side of the scapula bears the spine: anterior or posterior?
Posterior
A notch separates the posterior superior inferior spine from the:
Posterior inferior iliac spine
What process is inferior to the PSIS?
Posterior inferior iliac spine
Which iliac spine is closest to the greater sciatic notch?
Posterior inferior iliac spine
Where is the palatine bone located?
Posterior margin of the hard palate
The iliac crest ends posteriorly in the sharp:
Posterior superior iliac spine
What part of the pelvis forms the dimples of Venus?
Posterior superior iliac spine
What part of the pelvis is abbreviated PSIS?
Posterior superior iliac spine
In some people, the xiphoid process projects _____. In such cases, chest trauma consisting of a blow at the level of the xiphoid process can push the process into the underlying heart or liver, causing massive hemorrhage.
Posteriorly
What type of fracture occurs at the distal end of the fibula, tibia, or both?
Pott's Fracture
Condyle: projection, depression, or opening?
Projection
Crest: projection, depression, or opening?
Projection
Which row of carpals is represented by the scaphoid, lunate, triquetum, and pisiform bones: proximal or distal?
Proximal
The pterygoid processes serve as insertions for the ________ muscles.
Pterygoid
What part of the sphenoid bone is located posterior to the hard palate?
Pterygoid processes
What part of the sphenoid bone is the most inferior?
Pterygoid processes
In males, the suspensory ligament of the penis attaches to the:
Pubic symphysis
The two hip bones are joined anteriorly at the:
Pubic symphysis
What part of the pelvis in anterior and superior to the urinary bladder?
Pubic symphysis
The adductor muscles all originate on the:
Pubis
The gracilis muscle has origins on both the ischium and the:
Pubis
What tendon inserts onto the patella?
Quadriceps tendon
The head of the radius articulates with the ______ of the ulna to form a pivot joint.
Radial notch
Colles' fracture is a break in the distal end of the ______. It is a common fracture when a person is falling and attempts to break the fall with outstretched hands.
Radius
What appendicular bone has a head that is shaped like the head of a nail?
Radius
What bone "carries" the hand?
Radius
What is the lateral bone of the forearm?
Radius
What stomach muscle inserts onto the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7?
Rectus abdominis
What thigh muscle has its origin on the anterior inferior iliac spine?
Rectus femoris
There is a facet on each of the transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae which articulates with the tubercle of the:
Rib
The intercostal spaces are located between the _______ and occupied by intercostal muscles.
Ribs
Which ribs articulate with the body of the sternum?
Ribs 2-7
The ________ is a triangular bone in the lower back formed from fused vertebrae and situated between the two hipbones of the pelvis.
Sacrum
Which part of the spine articulates with the pelvis?
Sacrum
What suture separates the parietal bones?
Sagittal
What three bones form the shoulder?
Scapula, humerus, and clavicle
The long toe or pointer toe is the _________ toe.
Second
Which metatarsal bone is the longest?
Second
Which metatarsal bone articulates with the intermediate cuneiform bone?
Second metatarsal
What thigh muscle inserts on the posterior side of the medial condyle of the tibia?
Semimembranosus
A typical rib is bowed flat bone. The bulk of a rib is simply called the:
Shaft
Morton's toe or Greek foot is when someone has a hallux _________ than the second toe.
Shorter
Where on the body would you find a Wormian bone?
Skull sutures
Along the middle, within the cranial cavity, a portion of the ____________ bone rises up and forms a saddle-shaped mass called sella turcica (Turk's saddle).
Sphenoid
At the temples, the ____________ bones articulate with the temporal, parietal, frontal, and zygomatic bones.
Sphenoid
In what cranial bone are the pterygoid processes?
Sphenoid
In what cranial bone is the foramen ovale?
Sphenoid
In what cranial bone is the foramen spinosum?
Sphenoid
What bone contains the optic canals?
Sphenoid
What bone contains the pterygoid processes?
Sphenoid
What cranial bone consists of a central part and two wing-like structures that extend sideways toward each side of the skull?
Sphenoid bone
What cranial bone helps form the base of the cranium, the sides of the skull, and the floors and sides of the orbits (eye sockets)?
Sphenoid bone
A major part of a vertebra is a backward extending ___________, sometimes called the neural spine.
Spinous process
What part of the lumbar vertebra resembles the snout of a moose?
Spinous process
What part of the thoracic vertebra resembles the snout of a giraffe?
Spinous process
The _______ is felt as a horizontal ridge across the front of the sternum, where the manubrium joins the sternal body.
Sternal angle
The carina of the trachea is located deep to the:
Sternal angle
What anatomical landmark on the sternum is generally in line with the disc between the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae?
Sternal angle
What cartilaginous joint acts like a hinge, allowing the sternal body to swing anteriorly when we inhale?
Sternal angle
What part of the sternum is a handy reference point for finding the second rib and thus for counting the ribs during a physical examination and for listening to sounds make by specific heart valves?
Sternal angle
Which end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium?
Sternal end
The _____ has three important anatomical landmarks: the jugular notch, the sternal angle, and the xiphisternal joint.
Sternum
What flat bone is approximately 6 inches long, resulting from the fusion of three bones: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process?
Sternum
What is our breastbone called?
Sternum
The needle-like process near the mastoid process of the temporal bone is called the:
Styloid process
What part of the temporal bone anchors the extrinsic tongue muscle that retracts the tongue?
Styloid process
What part of the temporal bone in the origin for the styloglossus muscle?
Styloid process
Both the radius and the ulna have needle-like processes on their distal ends called:
Styloid processes
A branch of the facial nerve passes through the _______ of the temporal bone.
Stylomastoid foramen
What hole is located between the styloid process and mastoid process in the temporal bone?
Stylomastoid foramen
The shallow concavity formed by the entire anterior scapular surface is called the:
Subscapular fossa
Which part of the clavicle is smoother: superior or inferior?
Superior
What part of the lumbar vertebra resembles the antlers of a moose?
Superior articular process
What part of the thoracic vertebra resembles the horns of a giraffe?
Superior articular process
The concavity above the spine of the scapula is known as the:
Supraspinous fossa
What part of the scapula is the origin of the supraspinatus muscle?
Supraspinous fossa
What bone comes after C7?
T1
What bone of the foot articulates with the medial malleolus and lateral malleolus?
Talus
What tarsal bone articulates with the lower leg?
Talus
Though largely internal, the lateral portions of the sphenoid bone make up the anterior portion of the:
Temple
The external acoustic meatus is part of the ___________ bone.
Temporal
The mandibular fossa is part of the _________ bone.
Temporal
The squamous suture separates is the boundary of the ___________ bone.
Temporal
The stylomastoid foramen is part of the _______ bone.
Temporal
In what bone is the carotid canal?
Temporal bone
In what bone is the internal acoustic meatus?
Temporal bone
The zygomatic process is part of the ______ bone.
Temporal bone
What bone contains the zygomatic process?
Temporal bone
What bone has the jugular foramen?
Temporal bone
What important chewing muscle inserts onto the coronoid process?
Temporalis muscle
The jaw joint is commonly referred to as the:
Temporomandibular joint
Which digit is called the hallux?
The great toe or big toe
What is located between the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia?
The intercondylar eminence
What part of the pelvis can be used to estimate the age of an adult at the time of their death?
The pubic symphysis wears down at a predictable rate and so the amount of wear will give a good estimate of age at death
Where is the single point of attachment of the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton?
The single point of attachment is the sternal end of the clavicle to the manubrium of the sternum.
Which metatarsal bone articulates with the lateral cuneiform bone?
Third metatarsal
What 12-part region of the spine has an outward curve?
Thoracic region
What region of the spine articulates with the rib cage?
Thoracic region
What vertebrae resemble the head of a giraffe?
Thoracic vertebrae
How many phalanges are found in the pinky toe?
Three
What digit is known as the pollex?
Thumb
What phalanx has a saddle joint?
Thumb
If the femur is the largest bone of the body, what is the second largest bone?
Tibia
The inferior surface of the lower end of the _______ is articular and articulates with the superior trochlear surface of the talus and thus takes part in forming the ankle joint.
Tibia
The medial condyle of the femur articulates with the medial condyle of the:
Tibia
What bone forms the bump on the medial side of the ankle?
Tibia
What bone has an eminence?
Tibia
What bone is the longest and strongest of bones below the knee?
Tibia
What bone is the shin bone?
Tibia
The _____________ is continuous with the anterior border of the shaft. It has an upper smooth area and a lower rough area. The epiphyseal line for the upper end of the tibia passes through the junction of these two parts.
Tibial tuberosity
What part of the tibia gives attachment to the patellar ligament?
Tibial tuberosity
What muscle inserts onto the base of the first metatarsal bone?
Tibialis anterior
What two muscles insert onto the medial cuneiform bone?
Tibialis anterior and fibularis longus
What muscle inserts onto the lateral cuneiform bone?
Tibialis posterior
What muscle inserts onto the the navicular bone?
Tibialis posterior
What is the function of the spinous process?
To serve as an attachment for muscles and ligaments
What are the holes lateral to the larger vertebral foramen of a cervical vertebra?
Transverse foramen
The two ___________, one on each side of the vertebral body project from either side at the point where the lamina joins the pedicle, between the superior and inferior articular processes. They also serve for the attachment of muscles and ligaments.
Transverse processes
What part of the thoracic vertebra resembles the ears of a giraffe?
Transverse processes
Foramen rotundum and foramen ovale are the exit points for which cranial nerve:
Trigeminal
A branch of the cranial nerve __________ transits the foramen rotundum?
Trigeminal nerve (V)
The mandibular branch of what cranial nerve enters the lower jaw at the mandibular foramen?
Trigeminal nerve (V)
The mandibular branch of what cranial nerve transits the foramen ovale?
Trigeminal nerve (V)
What femur process has a name that translates as "to run"?
Trochanter
Which is larger: a tubercle or a trochanter?
Trochanter
What part of the distal end of the humerus looks like an hourglass tipped on its side and articulates with the ulna?
Trochlea
The olecranon process and the coronoid process of the ulna are joined by a c-shaped valley called the:
Trochlear notch
Although large, the obturator foramen is nearly closed up by a fibrous membrane in life. True or False?
True
An small extra bone near the navicular bone of the tarsus called accessory navicular bone may be present in 2-14% of the general population. True or False?
True
Babies are born with a patella of soft cartilage which begins to ossify into bone at about three years of age. True or False?
True
Because the pelvic outlet in the female is larger than in the male, there is a greater distance between the greater trochanters in the female. True or False?
True
Each vertebra has two superior articular processes and two inferior articular processes. True or False?
True
Except for the first rib, which lies deep to the clavicle, the ribs are easily felt in people of normal weight. True or False?
True
Except for the slight support the coccyx affords the pelvic organs, it is a nearly useless bone. True or False?
True
In humans the spinous process points backward and downward from the junction of the laminae, but in those animals without an erect stance they are directed upwards. True or False?
True
In humans, the hallux is usually longer than the second toe, but in some individuals, the second toe is the longest. True or False?
True
In normal adults pubic symphysis can be moved roughly 2 mm and with 1 degree rotation. This increases for women at the time of childbirth. True or False?
True
In some judicial hangings the dens may break and hit the medulla oblongata, causing death. True or False?
True
In the femur, the medial condyle is larger than the lateral condyle due to more weight bearing caused by the center of mass being medial to the knee. True or False?
True
The axis sits on the first intervertebral disc of the spinal column. True or False?
True
The carotid canal ascends at first superiorly, and then, making a bend, runs anteromedially. True or False?
True
The fibula does not bear weight, but several muscles originate from it. True or False?
True
The greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus are sites of attachment of the rotator cuff muscles. True or False?
True
The head, neck, and articular facet on tubercle of rib attach to the thoracic vertebra. True or False?
True
The iliac crest is palpable along its entire length. True or False?
True
The jugular foramen is located in the petrous portion of the temporal bone. True or False?
True
The lacrimal bone is located within the orbit of the eye. True or False?
True
The lateral third of the clavicle is concave anteriorly. True or False?
True
The lengths of the metatarsal bones in humans are, in descending order: second, third, fourth, fifth and first. True or False?
True
The long thin posterior border of the crista galli serves for the attachment of the falx cerebri. True or False?
True
The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (V) allows us to feel our face around the nose and upper jaw. True or False?
True
The medial two-thirds of the clavicle is convex anteriorly. True or False?
True
The optic canals are visible within the orbits of the eye. True or False?
True
The phalanges are classified as long bones. True or False?
True
The pterygoid muscles allow us to move our lower jaw side-to-side and forward-and-backward. True or False?
True
The superior border of the shaft of a rib is smooth, but the inferior border is sharp and thin. True or False?
True
The thumb has no middle phalanx. True or False?
True
The ulna is medial to the radius. True or False?
True
There are seven processes projecting from the vertebra; a spinous process, two transverse processes, and four articular processes. True or False?
True
There are superior and inferior articular processes on each side of the vertebra, which serve to join the spine together while restricting the range of movement. True or False?
True
Ribs 1-7 are called the:
True ribs
What makes a rib a true rib?
True ribs attach directly to the sternum by individual costal cartilages.
Lateral to the head of the humerus are two bumps for muscle attachment: the greater and lesser _________.
Tubercles
How many pairs of ribs help form the thoracic cage?
Twelve
the atlanto-axial joint allows the upper neck to:
Twist right and left
How many occipital condyles are there in a human?
Two
What bone forms the elbow joint with the humerus?
Ulna
What bone plays the major role in forming the elbow?
Ulna
What is the medial bone of the forearm?
Ulna
What nerve, which runs behind the medial epicondyle is responsible for the painful, tingling sensation you experience when you hit your funny bone?
Ulnar nerve
The atlanto-occipital joint allows the skull to move:
Up and down
The spinous process on C7 is distinctively long and gives the name _________________ to this vertebra.
Vertebra prominens
The largest hole in a vertebra is the:
Vertebral foramen
Through what part of the vertebra does the spinal cord pass?
Vertebral foramen
What cranial nerve passes through the internal acoustic meatus?
Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
Which sex has the wider greater sciatic notch: women or men?
Women
Name the point where the sternal body and xiphoid process fuse.
Xiphisternal joint
What sternal landmark lies at the level of the ninth thoracic vertebra?
Xiphisternal joint
What forms the inferior end of the sternum?
Xiphoid process
The _____________ process provides a hole for the temporalis muscle.
Zygomatic
The mandibular angle is where the horizontal__________ meets the vertical ____________.
mandibular body; mandibular ramus
The _______ is a large oblong elevation on the proximal, anterior aspect of the tibia, just below where the anterior surfaces of the lateral and medial tibial condyles end.
tibial tuberosity
The term "sella turcica" translates as:
"Turk's saddle"
The word "phalanx" translates as:
"a closely knit row of soldiers"
The word "talus" translates as:
"ankle"
The word "coracoid" translates as:
"beak-like"
The word "scaphoid" translates as:
"boat-shaped"
The word "obturator" translates as:
"closed up"
The word "squamous" translates as:
"covered with scales, scaly"
The word "fossa" translates as:
"ditch"
The word "ulna" translates as:
"elbow"
What part of the tibia is intermediate to the attachment points for the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments?
Intercondylar eminence
The deep depression at the distal end of the femur is called the:
Intercondylar notch
What part of the femur is an attachment point for the ACL and PCL?
Intercondylar notch
The _______________ is situated between the other two cuneiform bones (the medial and lateral cuneiforms), and articulates with the navicular posteriorly, the second metatarsal anteriorly and with the other cuneiforms on either side.
Intermediate cuneiform
Which cuneiform bone is the smallest?
Intermediate cuneiform
Which tarsal bone articulates with the second metatarsal?
Intermediate cuneiform
The vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) passes through the:
Internal acoustic meatus
What enters the skull via the carotid canal?
Internal carotid artery
What part of the femur is the origin of the vastus medialis muscle?
Intertrochanteric line
The lesser sciatic notch is part of the ___________ of the pelvis.
Ischium
The posteroinferior part of the hip bone is called the:
Ischium
What hole is just posterior to the carotid canal?
Jugular foramen
What bone, roughly the size of a fingernail, is the smallest and most fragile bone of the face?
Lacrimal bone
What orbital bone is surrounded by the frontal bone, ethmoid bone, and the maxilla?
Lacrimal bone
What tiny bone is located in the anterior part of the orbit on the medial wall?
Lacrimal bone
A smooth, more deeply concave depression on the lacrimal bone in which the lacrimal sac that drains into the nasolacrimal duct is located, is referred to as the:
Lacrimal fossa
The sagittal suture connects the frontal suture anteriorly and the ___________ suture posteriorly.
Lambdoid
What cranial suture is named for its likeness to a Greek letter?
Lambdoid
What suture separates the occipital bone from the parietal bones?
Lambdoid
What part of a vertebra is a pair of broad plates that join medially forming the vertebral arch?
Lamina
What important knee ligament is attached to the lateral epicondyle of the femur?
Lateral collateral ligament
The lateral collateral ligament of the knee is attached to what tibial structure?
Lateral condyle
The lateral condyle of the femur articulates with the __________ of the tibia.
Lateral condyle
The lateral condyle of the tibia forms part of the knee joint with the ___________ of the femur.
Lateral condyle
The muscles extensor digitorum longus and fibularis longus have their origins on the _______ of the tibia.
Lateral condyle
What part of the tibia is the insertion of the iliotibial band?
Lateral condyle
Which part of the proximal tibia articulates with the head of the fibula?
Lateral condyle
The___________, intermediate in size between the other two cuneiform bones, is also wedge-shaped, the base being uppermost.
Lateral cuneiform
Which cuneiform bone articulates with both the navicular and cuboid bone?
Lateral cuneiform
Which cuneiform bone articulates with the cuboid bone?
Lateral cuneiform
The mandible is the:
Lower jawbone
Which sex has basically a heart-shaped pelvic inlet: female or male?
Male
The lower jawbone is called the:
Mandible
What bone is the largest, strongest, and lowest bone of the face?
Mandible
On the medial side of the mandibular ramus is a small hole called the:
Mandibular foramen
What is the dentist's target for numbing the lower jaw with a shot of lidocaine?
Mandibular foramen
The mandible articulates with the temporal bone in the:
Mandibular fossa
What part of the temporal bone articulates with the mandibular condyle?
Mandibular fossa
The depression between the coronoid process and the mandibular condyle is called the:
Mandibular notch
The mandibular condyle is located at the superior end of the:
Mandibular ramus
What branch of the trigeminal nerve (V) transits the foramen rotundum?
Maxillary branch (V2)
Lacking individual names, the metatarsals are numbered starting from the __________ side.
Medial
The mandibular foramen is located on the _______ side of the mandibular ramus.
Medial
The navicular bone of the tarsus is located on the _______ side of the foot.
Medial
The ________ of the femur are separated anteriorly by a smooth shallow depression called the patellar surface.
Medial and lateral condyles
The articular discs (menisci) of the knee are attached to what tibial structures?
Medial and lateral condyles
What bone forms the knuckle?
Metacarpal
All three fibularis muscles insert onto the ________ bones.
Metarsal bones
The big hole located between the ischium and pubis is known as the:
Obturator foramen
What common childhood infection can lead to an inflammation of the mastoid process?
Otitis media
The clavicles are not very strong and are likely to fracture, for example, when a person uses ___________ to break a fall.
Outstretched arms
What is the shape of the foramen ovale?
Ovale
Facet: projection, depression, or opening?
Projection
Tuberosity: projection, depression, or opening?
Projection
What is the shape of the foramen rotundum?
Round
What thigh muscle has its origin on the anterior superior iliac spine?
Sartorius
What two carpal bones are nearest to the distal edge of the radius?
Scaphoid and lunate
The _________ lies on the dorsal surface of the rib cage, between ribs 2 and 7.
Scapula
The coracoid process of the _______ helps anchor the biceps brachii muscle.
Scapula
In what cranial bone are the optic canals?
Sphenoid bone
The foramen rotundum is located within what cranial bone?
Sphenoid bone
The parietal bone is separated from the temporal bone by the ________ suture.
Squamous
What part of the scapula is the origin of the subscapularis muscle?
Subscapular fossa
The linea aspera diverges distally into two ridges that end near the epicondyles called the medial and lateral:
Supracondylar lines
What passes through the greater sciatic notch?
The sciatic nerve passes through to enter the thigh
The vertebral artery of the neck is enclosed by the _________ of the cervical vertebrae.
Transverse foramina
What part of the lumbar vertebra resembles the ears of a moose?
Transverse processes
Which is more lateral: the trapezoid bone or the hamate bone?
Trapezoid
Like other symphyses in the body, the mandibular symphysis is a midline articulation where the bones are joined by fibrocartilage, but this articulation fuses together in early childhood. True or False?
True
Nerves and blood vessels pass through the mental foramen. True or False?
True
Reflecting the overall sex differences between male and female pelvises, the obturator foramina are oval in the male and wider and more triangular in the female. True or False?
True
Relaxin and other hormones make the pelvis more flexible for childbirth. True or False?
True
The pubic symphysis softens and separates somewhat during childbirth. True or False?
True
The ribs increase in length from pair 1 to pair 7, then decrease in length from pair 8 to pair 12. True or False?
True
The spine of the scapula is easily felt through the skin. True or False?
True
The sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major, deltoid, and trapezius muscles all have attachments to the clavicle. True or False?
True
What thigh muscle is attached to the medial supracondylar line?
Vastus medialis
What blood vessel passes through the transverse foramen?
Vertebral artery
What bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum?
Vomer
At what age do the sacral vertebrae completely fuse?
Between the ages of 18-30
The tendon of what muscle of the arm is guided by intertubercular sulcus to its attachment point at the rim of the glenoid cavity?
Biceps brachii
What hamstring muscle is attached to the lateral supracondylar line?
Biceps femoris
The largest part of a vertebra is the:
Body
What part of the vertebra gives attachment to the intervertebral discs?
Body
What bone forms the heel of the foot?
Calcaneus
What cranial nerve transits the hypoglossal canal?
Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
The ________ has a large amount of red bone marrow, and thus it is the site of bone marrow harvests (from both sides) to collect the stem cells used in bone marrow transplantation.
Iliac crest
The top of the _______ marks the level of the fourth lumbar vertebral body (L4), above or below which lumbar puncture may be performed.
Iliac crest
The_________ is also considered the most ideal donor site for bone grafting when a large quantity of bone is needed (e.g. rebuilding jaw bone after tooth loss).
Iliac crest
Three abdominal muscles all have their origins on the _____________ of the pelvis: external oblique, internal oblique, and tranversus abdominis.
Iliac crest
The iliacus muscle has its origin in the:
Iliac fossa
The superior region of the hip bone is called the:
Ilium
What part of the pelvis articulates with the sacrum?
Ilium
The word "coronal" translates as:
"relating to a crown"
The word "parietal" translates as:
"relating to a wall"
The word "sagittal" translates as:
"relating to an arrow"
The word "occipital" translates as:
"relating to the back of the head"
The word "temporal" translates as:
"relating to time"
The word "mastoid" translates as:
"resembles a breast"
The word "ethmoid" translates as:
"resembles a sieve"
The word "hyoid" translates as:
"shaped like the letter upsilon u"
The word "cribriform" translates as:
"sieve-shaped"
The word "capitulum" translates as:
"small head"
The word "scapula" translates as:
"spade or shovel"
