The study of human anatomy

histology

1. the microscopic structure of tissues and organs. 2. The study of such structure

Modern Anatomy

16th Century.

Cadaver

Chapter Definition: Deceased Body

Functional Morphology

Chapter Definition: Not just the structure of organs, but the functional reasons behind it.

Andreas Vesalius

Flemish physician (1514-64) questioned the accuracy of the earlier authorities and commissioned the first accurate anatomical illustrations for his book, De Humani Corporis Fabrica (On the Structure of the Human Body, 1543) The tradition begun by Vesalius has been handed down to us through such famous contemporary works as Gray's Anatomy, Frank Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy, and many others, to the richly illustrated textbooks used by college students today.

a radiopaque

Hollow organs can be visualized by filling them with

lower limbs, upper limbs, cervical region

Identify the appendicular region components

crural, femoral, pedal

Identify the areas included in the lower limb

standing upright, feet flat on floor, palms directed forward

Identify the statements that describe a person in anatomical position

abdominal Region,thoracic Region

Identify the subdivisions of the trunk

Present Anatomy

New techniques of study continually produce exciting new insights into human structure, and anatomists have discovered far more about the human body in the last century than in the 2,500 years before. Anatomy now embraces several subdisciplines that study human structure from different perspectives.

History of Anatomy

Older than any written language, earliest books written by 1)Aristotle, 2)Galen, 3)Avicenna

Ultrastructure

Structure at or near the molecular level, made visible by the transmission electron microscope. refers to fine detail

organ system

a group of organs working together for a coordinated function is an ______ ________.

organelle

a microscopic structure in a cell that carries out individual functions

right and left

a saggital plane divides the body into____ __ _____ portions

organ

a structure composed of at least two different tissues, with recognizable boundaries, and with discrete function.

radiopaque

a substance that absorbs X-rays and can visualize hallow organs by filling them.

tissue

an aggregation of cells and extracellular materials, which perform discrete function, is known as a/an _______ ?

in performing a physical examination;the act known as listening

auscultation

a microscopic structure in a cell that carries out individual functions

define organelle

Radiography is commonly used for

dentistry, mammography, diagnosis of fractures, and examination of the chest.

the directional term that indicates being farther away from the point of attachment

distal

MRI scans

entails examination of a two-dimensional image of a thin "slice" through the body.

plasma membrane

The structure that encloses a cell and controls the traffic of molecules in and out of a cell is the ______ ______.

Palpation chapter definition

feeling a structure with the hands, such as palpating a swollen lymph node or taking a pulse

Radiography facts

first performed in 1895. Until the 1960s, this was the only widely available imaging method; even today, it accounts for more than 50% of all clinical imaging. X-rays pass through the soft tissues of the body to a photographic film or detector on the other side, where they produce relatively dark images. They are absorbed, however, by dense tissues such as bones, teeth, tumors, and tuberculosis nodules, which leave the image lighter in these areas. The term X-ray also applies to a photograph (radiograph) made by this method.

the field that focuses on bodily structures that can be observed without magnification

gross anatomy

Radiologic methods

high-energy ionizing radiation such as X-rays or particles called positrons. These penetrate the tissues and can be used to produce images on X-ray film or through electronic detectors. The benefits of ionizing radiation must always be weighed against its risks. It is called ionizing because it ejects electrons from the atoms and molecules it strikes. This effect can cause mutation and trigger cancer. Thus, ionizing radiation cannot be used indiscriminately. Used judiciously, however, the benefits of a mammogram or dental X-ray substantially outweigh the small risk.These are:

Disadvantages of Radiography

images of overlapping organs can be confusing and slight differences in tissue density are not easily detected. In addition, X-rays present the aforementioned risks of ionizing radiation.

auscultation

in performing a physical examination the act known as listening is known as ______ ?

Barium sulfate

is given orally for examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine, or by enema for examination of the large intestine

Histopathology

is the microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease

the directional term that indicates farther away from the midline of the body

lateral

auscult-

listen

Auscultation chapter definition

listening to the natural sounds made by the body, such as heart and lung sounds

Invasive imaging techniques

may entail inserting ultrasound probes into the esophagus, vagina, or rectum to get closer to the organ to be imaged, or injecting substances into the bloodstream or body passages to enhance image formation

the region between the lungs

mediastinum

two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds

molecule

Inspection

observing the condition of skin and nails by sight is an example of which method of study?

exploratory surgery

opening the body and taking a look inside to see what was wrong and what could be done about it. Any breach of the body cavities is risky, however, and most exploratory surgery has now been replaced by medical imaging techniques

a structure composed of at least two different tissues, with recognizable boundaries, and with discrete function.

organ

taking a pulse by feeling the radial artery

palpation

the double-layered serous membrane found in the abdominopelvic region

peritoneum

The scientific study of the functions of living organisms

physiology

The structure that encloses a cell and controls the traffic of molecules in and out of a cell

plasma membrane

-ation

process

inspection study method chapter definition

simply looking at the body's appearance in careful detail, as in performing a physical examination or making a clinical diagnosis from surface appearance. Observations of the skin and nails, for example, can provide clues to such underlying problems as vitamin deficiencies, anemia, heart disease, and liver disease. Physical examinations involve not only looking at the body for signs of normalcy or disease, but also touching and listening to it

the directional term that indicates "above"

superior

Gross Anatomy Methods

surface observation, dissection, X-Rays, and MRI scans

palpation

taking a pulse by feeling the radial artery is known as

"percussion" study method

tapping on a body surface then listening to the echo to diagnose health

1)Aristotle

the Greek Philosopher (384-322 BCE)

2)Galen

the Greek physician (129-c.199CE)

3)Avicenna

the Persian physician (Ibn Sina, 980-1037CE

superior to

the abdominal cavity is ________ ___ the pelvic cavity

prone

the anatomical term that describes a person laying face down is:

cell

the basic structural and functional unit of life is the ____.

cranial cavity

the brain is contained within the ______ _____?

dissection chapter definition

the careful cutting and separation of tissues to reveal their relationships. The very words anatomy and dissection both mean "cutting apart"; until the nineteenth century, dissection was called "anatomizing."

distal

the directional term that indicates being farther away from the point of attachment is:

lateral

the directional term that indicates farther away from the midline of the body is _______ ?

superior

the directional term that means "above" is _____ ?

peritoneum

the double-layered serous membrane found in the abdominopelvic region is

angiography

the examination of blood vessels. Substance given by injection for this.

Surface Anatomy Chapter Definition

the external surface of the body. especially important in conducting a physical examination of a patient.

gross anatomy

the field that focuses on bodily structures that can be observed without magnification is called _____ ______.

De Humani Corporis Fabrica (On the Structure of the Human Body, 1543)

the first accurate anatomical illustrations

x-rays

the imaging technique known as radiography involve the use of ________.

axial region

the major body region that includes the head, neck, and trunk is the ______ ______.

Radiography

the process of photographing internal structures with X-rays

mediastinum

the region between the lungs is known as the

pleura

the serous membrane around each lung is the ______ ?

atom

the smallest particle of matter with unique chemical properties

Radiologic anatomy

the study of internal structure, using X-rays and other medical imaging techniques

comparative anatomy chapter definition

the study of more than one species in order to examine structural similarities and differences and analyze evolutionary trends

comparative anatomy

the study of more than one species in order to observe the structural similarities and differences is known as ________ ________.

Regional anatomy

the study of multiple organ systems at once in a given region of the body, such as the head or chest

Systemic anatomy

the study of one organ system at a time and is the approach taken by most introductory textbooks such as this one

Gross Anatomy Chapter Definition

the study of structure visible to the naked eye

anatomy

the study of the makeup and organization of the body structures is called

Cytology

the study of the structure and function of individual cells

-logy

the suffix "-____" means "the study of"

organism

the term that indicates a single complete individual is ______.

axial appendicular

the two major body regions are the _____ and _____ regions

appendicular region

the upper and lower limbs compose the ________ ______ of the body

noninvasive imaging techniques

they do not involve any penetration of the skin or body orifices

palp-

touch, feel

molecule

two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds would form a/an ______ ?

tapping on a body surface then listening to the echo to diagnose health

"percussion" study method

radiology

The branch of medicine concerned with imaging is

physiology

The scientific study of the functions of living organisms is called