The Synapse

What responsible for postsynaptic inhibition?

IPSP

What takes the membrane potential farther away from threshold?

IPSP

Cause hyperpolarization by IPSPs and inhibit action potential generation.

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

A graged hyper polarization of the postsynaptic membrane, making it more difficult for the postsynaptic cell to reach threshold.

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

A graded depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane which moves the membrane potential toward the threshold.

Excitatory Postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

Cause depolarization by EPSPs and promote action potential generation.

Excitatory neurotransmitters

what can reach action potential is the threshold is released?

Excitatory postsynaptic potential

True or false: The chemical synapse will always release enough neurotransmitter to bring the postsynaptic cell membrane to threshold.

False: it may or may not release.

Chemical synapses can be divided into three categories.. what are those?

Neuromuscular, Nueroglandular, and Neuron-neuron synapses

Classified as excitatory or inhibitory based on their effects on the postsynaptic membranes

Neurotransmitters

These Bind to receptor proteins on the postsynaptic membrane causing ion channels to open

Neurotransmitters

What two membranes are locked together at gap junctions?

Presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes

Th junction between a neuron and a second cell (either a neuron or a muscle or glandular cell)/ can be organized as either an electrical or chemical synapse.

Synapse

Electrical synapses are present in..

brain, some smooth muscle cells, and some neurons of the brain.

Cells that have a space (synaptic cleft) between them and use a neurotransmitter to cross the space.

chemical synapse

Cells have no space between them- are physically connected which allows for stimulation that is direct.

electrical synapse

Achetylcholine is _ at the neuromuscular junction of the skeletal muscle and _ at the neuromuscular junctions of the heart.

excitatory; inhibitory

What does the transmembrane potential represent; which of all the excitatory and inhibitory stimuli affecting the neuron at the moment.

integration

a molecule that binds with a receptor protein

ligand molecule

synapses between a neuron and a glandular cell

neuroglandular junction

Synapses between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber

neuromuscular junction

Synapse between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite, cell body, or axon or a 2nd neuron./ these impulses pass from eh presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neurons

neuron to neuron synapses

These are released from the presynaptic axon terminals at structures called the terminal boutons (synaptic end bulbs)

neurotransmitters

Effects of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane depend on what? (2 things)

properties of the receptor and not on the nature of the neurotransmitter