Theater 101 Final Exam Bates College December 2019

elements of mise-en-scene

"everything within the frame that makes up the frame," and she meant everything. This includes lighting, wardrobe, camera placement, camera angle, props, blocking, lenses, even film stock—literally everything—I mean it. settings and set denote the locate where a scene is filmed.......actors, lighting, décor, props, costume, production design (how the space is constructed for the camera)

Elements of Cinematography

"how is it filmed?" 1. Photography 2. Framing 3. Duration (of Take)

Oedipus Rex by Sophocles - be thoroughly familiar with the text

(Greek mythology) a tragic king of Thebes who unknowingly killed his father Laius and married his mother Jocasta What Happens in Oedipus Rex? King Oedipus of Thebes sends his brother-in-law Creon to identify the cause of the mysterious plague that has struck the city. Creon reports that the plague will be lifted if the man who killed the former king, Laius, is brought to justice. Queen Jocasta doesn't believe Tiresias when he says Oedipus is the murderer. Once, an oracle told her that her husband would be killed by their child, and because (she thinks) that hasn't come true, she doesn't believe Tiresias. Years ago, to prevent her child from killing her husband, Jocasta left her infant child to die on the side of the road. Oedipus suspects that he was that abandoned baby. When he first came to Thebes, he met and killed a man on the road who turned out to be Laius, his father. He then met and married the widowed Jocasta, his own mother. A messenger and a servant confirm the tale. Jocasta hangs herself out of shame. Oedipus discovers her body and uses the pins of her brooches to stab out his own eyes.

Notable features of Citizen Kane (its a movie by Orson Wells)

*Used straight cuts for shock effect *Used in-camera lap dissolves *constructed the film as a long series of takes *13 Classic Facts About Citizen Kane Orson Welles—was granted an incredible amount of control over its production, and he put it to good use, setting new standards for cinematography, makeup effects, and storytelling on the big screen. If much of what we see now in Citizen Kane seems commonplace in the landscape of cinema, it's because this is the film that set the precedent. If much of how we view auteurs in film now seems clichéd, it's because Welles got there first. When stating the importance of Citizen Kane, Ebert said it best: "It consolidated the film language up until 1941 and broke new ground in such areas as deep focus, complex sound, and narrative structure." So, in celebration of the "official" Greatest Film of All Time, here are 13 facts about Citizen Kane. 1. ORSON WELLES GOT UNPRECEDENTED CREATIVE CONTROL. By the time he came to Hollywood, Orson Welles was regarded as one of the great young geniuses of his time. His work in the theater earned him the cover of TIME magazine by the age of 23, and the 1938 radio broadcast of The War of the Worlds—arguably the first "mockumentary" ever made—caused such a national panic that he was forced to apologize for it. It was no surprise when Hollywood began seeking his talents, but what was surprising was just how much freedom he was given. When George Schaefer, the head of RKO Pictures, was hoping to generate a creative shakeup at his studio, he signed a deal with Welles that granted the wunderkind direct access to Schaefer himself and, among other things, gave Welles final cut on his films. Because Welles was a first-time film director, the move generated immense controversy in Hollywood, particularly when Schaefer cut the salaries of RKO employees while still granting Welles creative freedom over his work. 2. WELLES' FIRST IDEA WAS AN ADAPTATION OF HEART OF DARKNESS. When Welles was granted his ambitious RKO movie deal, his initial plan was to make an adaptation of Joseph Conrad's classic novel Heart of Darkness, featuring first-person camera techniques, elaborate sets, and Welles' own narration. Though production got far enough that test footage was shot featuring miniature set designs, RKO ultimately shut the movie down because the budget grew too high. In searching for an alternate project, Welles happened upon a massive screenplay by Herman J. Mankiewicz called American. After several rewrites, this screenplay would become Citizen Kane. 3. AUTHORSHIP OF THE SCRIPT IS STILL DISPUTED. In the end, both Mankiewicz and Welles would win an Academy Award for the screenplay for Citizen Kane, but it's still not entirely clear how much work each man did on the final product. Welles once claimed that Mankiewicz was responsible for the first two drafts, while he had significant input on the third. A contract signed by Mankiewicz apparently stipulated that the studio was allowed to omit his name on the script, while a Screen Writers Guild rule at the time stated that a producer (in this case, Welles) could not be given a writing credit unless he wrote the script "entirely without the collaboration of any other writer." In the end, the two parties agreed to share credit. 4. WELLES WAS INSPIRED BY WATCHING STAGECOACH. At the beginning of filming Citizen Kane, Welles was an acclaimed theater and radio director with no real experience in cinema. In an effort to learn the ropes of a new craft, Welles turned to one of the most acclaimed films of the day: John Ford's iconic Western Stagecoach. He once claimed he watched the film "every night for a month" in an effort to dissect the craft behind its production, and when asked to name his cinematic influences, he once gave the following answer: "The old masters, by who I mean John Ford, John Ford, and John Ford." 5. WELLES' EATING AND DRINKING HABITS IMPACTED HIS HEALTH DURING PRODUCTION. Though he was not yet famous for the excesses that would make him notorious later in life, Welles nonetheless had some peculiar eating and drinking habits during the production of Citizen Kane. His habit of consuming more than 30 cups of coffee each day led him to succumb to caffeine poisoning. He switched to tea, believing that the time it took to make each cup would slow him down, but having an assistant make it for him meant that he drank so much his skin changed color. In addition, Welles would sometimes simply not eat for long stretches, then sit down to a meal that included "three large steaks with side items." 6. THE MAKEUP EFFECTS WERE MADE BY A NON-UNION EXPERIMENTER. Throughout the course of the film, Charles Foster Kane has to look, at various times, impossibly youthful and very, very old. Welles once recalled that, for the scenes of Kane's early years, his face was "yanked up with fish skin" to give him a youthful look, even at 25, that's "impossible in real life." For the scenes of Kane's later years, he turned to Maurice Seiderman, an aspiring (non-union) makeup artist who was, at the time, sweeping the floors in the RKO makeup department. Welles noticed that Seiderman was using his spare time experimenting with latex to create artificial face appliances and, impressed with his ingenuity, asking him to work on Citizen Kane. Latex face appliances are now common practice in movie makeup effects. 7. THE CINEMATOGRAPHY WAS REVOLUTIONARY. If any name can rival Welles' in discussing the making of Citizen Kane, it is that of Gregg Toland, the iconic cinematographer who turned the film into an exercise in cinematic innovation. According to Welles, Toland actually approached him and volunteered to shoot the film. When Welles said "I don't know anything about movies," Toland replied: "That's why I want to do it, because I think if you're left alone as much as possible, we're going to have a movie that looks different. I'm tired of working with people who know too much about it." So, the pair got to work, and Toland was given the freedom he so craved. He modified cameras and lenses to create the film's famous "deep focus" shots. He worked with visual effects expert Linwood Dunn to create masterful composite shots (the scene in which Kane discovers Susan Alexander's suicide attempt, for example, isn't just one shot, but three shots stacked atop one another).

functions of editing

1) continuity 2) dramatic focus 3) tempo, rhythm, mood 4) narration and point of view

Action

1. AGENT -OBJECTIVE OBSTACLE -CRISIS CLIMAX - RESOLUTION 2. ANY PERCEPTIBLE PHYSICAL CHANGE INDICATING MOVEMENT OF THE SOUL TOWARD SOME END.

Elizabethan Theatre BE ABLE TO NAME 3 PHYSICAL FEATURES

1. Globe theater - open-air theatre Natural and universal lighting from the open air theater 2. Apron Stage - projected out into the Pit where common people stood 3. The Galleries - the better off were seated here 4. Stage surrounded by 3 sides

Love Sick - 9 play cycle

1. OBSESSIVE IMPULSIVE A WOMAN and a MAN who fall in love at first sight. 2. THE SINGING TELEGRAM A SINGING TELEGRAM MAN who delivers a singing telegram to an enthusiastic woman, LOUISE OVERBEE. 3. WHAT?!? BEN, a guy who is surprised that he has fallen in love, and ANDY, the sweet guy he has fallen in love with. 4. THE ANSWER KEITH and CELIA, a groom and bride. 5. Un-Ou SARAH, a woman with questions, and BILL, her content husband of a year and a half. 6. LUNCH AND DINNER KELLY and MARK, a successful couple, married for seven years. 7. F0RG0T JILL, a woman who wants more than she has, and KEVIN, her husband of nine years, who is happy with what he has. 8. WHERE WAS I? ABBIE, a hard-working stay-at-home mom, and LIZ, her hardworking wife. 9. DESTINY JAKE, a recently divorced man, and EMILY, a recently divorced woman.

Hamlet Themes

1. shock of betrayal by those one has most trusted, 2. opposing demands made on hamlet (avenging his fathers death would be a sin), and 3. one crime sets of a chain of evil (leads to destruction b/w two families) 4. Revenge 5. Madness 6. Uncertainty 7. Incest - discussed the one between Polonious and his daughter Hamlet can be classified both as a tragedy and as a classic revenge play, in which the tragic hero Prince Hamlet succumbs to the corrupting forces of madness, suspicion, and revenge. Hamlet's quest to avenge his father's murder drives a wedge between him and every other character in the play, including his once beloved Ophelia.

Inventions of Sophocles - Writer of tragedies: author of Oedipus Rex

123 Plays o Added 3rd actor o Increased chorus to 15 o Vastly increased number of possible characters in a play since added actors could double or triple. Oedipus, Antigone, Oedipus at Colonus Greek writer of tragedies; author of Oedipus Rex and scene paintings, incroeasing chorus from 12 to 15 members, introduced 3rd actor into dramatic performance Sophocles, (born c. 496 bce, Colonus, near Athens [Greece]—died 406, Athens), with Aeschylus and Euripides, one of classical Athens' three great tragic playwrights. The best known of his 123 dramas is Oedipus the King. his invention of some type of "scene paintings" or other pictorial prop to establish locale or atmosphere. He also may have increased the size of the chorus from 12 to 15 members. Sophocles' major innovation was his introduction of a third actor into the dramatic performance. It had previously been permissible for two actors to "double" (i.e., assume other roles during a play), but the addition of a third actor onstage enabled the dramatist both to increase the number of his characters and widen the variety of their interactions. The scope of the dramatic conflict was thereby extended, plots could be more fluid, and situations could be more complex.

SEQUENCE:

A SUCCESSION OF SCENES FORMING A MAJOR UNIT OF NARRATIVE.

SCENE:

A SUCCESSION OF SHOTS UNIFIED BY LOCATION AND ACTION.

Dramatic Irony

A situation in which the audience, because of its greater knowledge of the circumstances, sees ironic contradictions in a character's words or actions which are invisible to the character.

Facsimile Stage

A stage that is trying to look like the real world. This means that costumes, scenery, and actors are all trying to be as close to reality as possible.

Realism and its Relevance to Stylization/theatricalism

At the "realistic" end of the spectrum are stories such as war films, police dramas, and westerns. These genres derive much of their power from the illusion of occurring in the here and now. The violence and horror of the war film is most effective when viewers believe a soldier can be maimed or killed by the grenade dropped in the trench next to him, while the police drama convinces audiences that real criminals are being chased when both pursued and pursuer pound the pavement of real Films from genres such as fantasy, science fiction, and the musical are often heavily stylized. Fantasy and science fiction require an extreme attention to consistent, self-referring design because of the extra difficulty of creating a world that by its very nature appears odd. In musicals, the alternative reality is less one of space and technology than of psychology, as the characters live in a world in which they express themselves through song and dance.Read more: http://www.filmreference.com/encyclopedia/Independent-Film-Road-Movies/Production-Design-REALISM-AND-STYLIZATION.html#ixzz67a28JyEQ

Developments in American films after Bonnie and Clyde

Bonnie and Clyde prompted the creation of a more liberal US film ratings system Bonnie and Clyde's violence, especially its final shootout, busted cinematic taboos - and set the stage for how we watch films now Bonnie and Clyde rewrote the rules on screen violence, paving the way for a new and more liberal film classification system in the US, introduced the year following its release: the Motion Picture Association of America ratings guidelines, still in effect to this day.

SHOT:

CONTINUOUS STRIP OF FRAMES MADE IN A SINGLE EXPOSURE.

Citizen Kane (1941) (know the film)

Citizen Kane 1941 ‧ Drama/Mystery Actor in it: Orson Welles Orson Welles co-wrote, produced, directed and starred in. Release date: September 5, 1941 (USA) Director: Orson Welles Cinematography: Gregg Toland Story by: Orson Welles When a reporter is assigned to decipher newspaper magnate Charles Foster Kane's (Orson Welles) dying words, his investigation gradually reveals the fascinating portrait of a complex man who rose from obscurity to staggering heights. Though Kane's friend and colleague Jedediah Leland (Joseph Cotten), and his mistress, Susan Alexander (Dorothy Comingore), shed fragments of light on Kane's life, the reporter fears he may never penetrate the mystery of the elusive man's final word, "Rosebud." Milestone film of a man whose life resembled media mogul William Randolph Hearse. Some critics say this is America's greatest film

Oedipus's hometown

Corinth is hometown Oedipus is afraid that the stranger he killed might have been Laius. If this is the case, Oedipus will be forever banished both from Thebes (the punishment he swore for the killer of Laius) and from Corinth, his hometown.

Oedipus's brother in law/uncle

Creon

Episode 2

Creon defends himself - Oedipus is still righteous. Jocasta is drawn in. Mention of "three roads", Oedipus is shaken (First hint)

The early impact of sound on movie-making (diegetic and non-diegetic sound)

Diegetic Diegetic sounds are those that link to something visible on screen, and can also be heard by the characters. This includes dialogue and the sounds of objects/things on screen. Early sound films often solely employed diegetic music, limiting the use of nondiegetic music to the opening and closing credits, out of concern that the inclusion ... Non-Diegetic sound Non-diegetic sound is, by contrast, all of the sounds that the audience hears but the characters cannot. This could be narration, ambient sound, "mood" music and some sound effects.

Charlie Chaplin Be Familiar with Chaplin's career (early career, early life, music, hall roots, invention of "the tramp", etc.

Early life and career. Chaplin was named after his father, a British music-hall entertainer. He spent his early childhood with his mother, after she and his father separated, and he made his own stage debut at age five, filling in for his mother. Music Hall Roots: Music hall is a type of British theatrical entertainment that was popular from the early Victorian era, beginning around 1850. Music hall involved a mixture of popular songs, comedy, speciality acts, and variety entertainment. Music hall rituals developed which defined that amusement and would influence Charlie Chaplin's comedy. Synopsis Born on April 16, 1889, in London, England, Charlie Chaplin worked with a children's dance troupe before making his mark on the big screen. His character "The Tramp" relied on pantomime and quirky movements to become an iconic figure of the silent-film era. Famous for his character "The Tramp," the sweet little man with a bowler hat, mustache and cane, Charlie Chaplin was an iconic figure of the silent-film era and one of film's first superstars, elevating the industry in a way few could have ever imagined. Chaplin went on to become a director, making films such as City Lights and Modern Times, and co-founded the United Artists Corporation. He died in Corsier-sur-Vevey, Vaud, Switzerland, on December 25, 1977.

General features of the "art film" including those found in "new wave films"

Film examples: New Wave influenced american films Midnight Cowby, Bonnie and CLyde, The graduate, Easy rider, The wild brunch, Butch Cassidy Features: 1.) a casual look: often shot in black and white film stock / location shots /natural lighting 2.) Shaky hand - held camera style: documentary style objectivity (cinema verite) 3.) On location shooting with available lighting: 4.) Improvisation in narrative plot lines were often seen as?: plotless 5.) Jagged elliptical style of editing often to conceal technical defects of shooting 6.) Displays of visual pyrotechnics through usage of: iris in / iris out, zoom lens shot, violent camera movements, and freeze frames 7.) playful sense of humor: allusions, in-jokes, parodies, recreated shots, and quotations or other references to admired films of the pasts 8.) sought to establish aesthetic distance between the audience and the film shows what ?: that the film is not a reality 9.) strong emphasis on mood and ambience 10.) films lack goal oriented protagonists New Wave (French: la Nouvelle Vague) refers to the style of a group of French filmmakers of the late 1950s and 1960s. New Wave directors usually kept their distance from the studio, preferring to shoot on location. They used the lightweight hand-held cameras designed normally for documentary use, faster film stocks which required less light, as well as lighter sound and lighting equipment. The use of portable, flexible equipment allowed their films to be shot quickly at low costs, which gave room for more experimentation and improvisation. Many of the French New Wave films were shot in a local apartment, using the director's friends as the cast and crew. Directors were also forced to improvise with equipment—for example, using a shopping cart for "tracking" shots. Efforts to save on the cost of film turned into stylistic innovations. On-location shooting also created a more casual and natural look to the scenes; the mise-en-scène of Parisian streets and coffee bars became a defining feature of the films. The mobile camera could be used in highly inventive ways, with a great deal of fluid panning and tracking: Following characters down streets, into cafes and bars, or looking over their shoulders to watch life go by.

Chaplin - be able to name films

Films: The Tramp (1915). Generally regarded as the actor's first classic, the story establishes Chaplin's character as the unexpected hero when he saves the farmer's daughter from a gang of robbers. Modern Times (1936), a biting commentary about the state of the world's economic and political infrastructures. The Great Dictator (1940), which ridiculed the governments of Hitler and Mussolini. "I want to see the return of decency and kindness," Chaplin said around the time of the film's release. "I'm just a human being who wants to see this country a real democracy . . ."

text of Waiting for godot

France, 1953 Sammuel becket, tragicomedy

George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 - October 10, 1985) Welle's career: early work in theater and radio, post-Kane problems, etc.

George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 - October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, writer and producer who is remembered for his innovative work in radio, theatre and film. He is considered one of the greatest film directors of all time. His first film was Citizen Kane (1941), which is consistently ranked as one of the greatest films ever made, which he co-wrote, produced, directed and starred in as Charles Foster Kane. Welles released twelve other features, the most acclaimed of which include The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), The Lady from Shanghai (1947), Touch of Evil (1958), The Trial (1962), Chimes at Midnight (1966) and F for Fake (1973).[5][6] Post Kane Problems Welles as a victim of his own unfortunate career choices or a supposed inability to finish projects, or, worse still, they paint him as a lazy, overweight "has-been" who had tragically squandered his undeniable talent. According to this theory. Welles's career following the making of Citizen Kane when he was 25, in 1941, consisted of a series of self-inflicted disasters that resulted in his becoming, more or less deservedly, something of a pariah. IMPORTANT Welles was blacklisted by the Hollywood studios in the late 1940s. McBride points to "unmistakable evidence, hidden in plain sight, that Welles's political and cultural activities had caused him to be blacklisted during the postwar era. His decision to leave the country in 1947, just as the Hollywood blacklist was being imposed, and his reinvention of himself as a wandering European filmmaker, largely out of necessity, hastened his already strong bent toward independence from the commercial system." (p. xvii)

Contributions to the development of narrative technique in film by Georges Melies

Georges Méliès who started it all, the first wizard of cinema, the maker of the first science fiction and special effects films. Méliès' main contribution to cinema was in recognizing the possibilities of the medium for narrative and performance, combining traditional theatrical elements with motion pictures, seeking to present performances of a kind not possible in live theater. He created the basic vocabulary of special effects, manipulating and distorting time and space to create illusions of appearances, disappearances, using jump cuts and other complex special effects such as the first double exposure, the first split screen, the first overlapping dissolve, fade in fade out, stop motion photography and much more. He even added color to many of his films, hand painting each frame. Méliès made over 500 films, acting, financing, directing, photographing, and designing the stage and costume for each one of them.

Contributions to the development of narrative technique in film by D.W. Griffith

Griffith introduced or refined the techniques of motion-picture exposition, including the close-up, a film shot in which a single object or face filled the screen; the scenic long shot, showing an entire panoramic view; and cross-cutting, a technique of editing scenes at various locations together and intermixing them . he directed nearly 200 films during 1908 and 1909, his first years with the Biograph Company. While those one-reel films are a testament to Griffith's inspired genius as a director, they also reflect a fundamental shift in film style from "cheap amusements" to movie storytelling complete with characters and narrative impetus.

EDITING:

HOW SHOT IS JOINED TO SHOT. EDITING: HOW SHOTS ARE JOINED TOGETHER

CINEMATOGRAPHY:

HOW THE CAMERA SHOOTS THE MISE EN SCENE. Cinematography is the art of photography and visual storytelling in a motion picture or television show. Cinematography comprises all on-screen visual elements, including lighting, framing, composition, camera motion, camera angles, film selection, lens choices, depth of field, zoom, focus, color, exposure, and filtration.

Hamlet Characters

Hamlet: Prince of Denmark, son of Queen Gertrude and nephew of King Claudius. King Hamlet: Hamlet's father, who was poisoned by Claudius prior to the start of the play. Claudius: Hamlet's uncle, who kills Hamlet's father and marries the widowed Queen Gertrude. Queen Gertrude: Hamlet's mother and Claudius's wife. Ophelia: the daughter of Polonius and Hamlet's former love interest. Polonius: the father of Laertes and Ophelia. He is killed by Hamlet after being caught spying. Laertes: Polonius's son and Ophelia's brother, who becomes embroiled in Claudius's plot after his father's death. Horatio: Hamlet's friend and confidante. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern: Hamlet's classmates, who help Claudius spy on Hamlet.

Realism and Hedda Gabler

Hedda Gabler is a realistic play; it is, in fact, famous for its realism. In Hedda Gabler, there are no supernatural visitations from ghosts. Everything that happens occurs in the everyday world of the here and now.

Kothornus

Hellenstic Greek platform boot for actors.

George Melies 1 concrete innovation and name of a least one film

Innovation: See Picture Example of his special effects Georges Méliès is famous for his many innovations in motion pictures. He was one of the first to film fictional narratives, and he is regarded as the inventor of special effects in movies. His films were among the first to use such techniques as double exposure, stop-motion, and slow motion One Film: A Trip to the Moon (1902) A TRIP TO THE MOON is so much more than that...but of course that moment is amazing. It's a commitment to an elevated mode of storytelling, an orgasmic explosion of numerous disciplines; adaptation, illustration, construction, acting (silly as it is), costuming, special effects. You get the idea. Top to bottom, A TRIP TO THE MOON is about as perfect as a film could get in 1902, and even for some time to come. With brilliant restorations and eye-popping color, its magic can even be felt strongly today.

Edwin Porter 1 concrete innovation and name of a least one film

Innovation: See Picture example of a dissolve innovative use of dissolves (a dissolve (sometimes called a lap dissolve) is a gradual transition from one image to another.), gradual transitions and cross-cutting, Porter pioneered the use of continuity editing that was mostly easily assimilated by the audience One Film: The Great Train Robbery in 1903. is widely acknowledged to be the first narrative film to have achieved such continuity of action. The film depicts the robbery, the formation of a posse, and its pursuit and elimination of the gunmen. The Great Train Robbery comprised 14 separate shots of noncontinuous, nonoverlapping action and was a major departure from the frontally composed, theatrical staging used by Méliès and most other filmmakers. The film ended with a startling close-up of one of the outlaws firing his gun at the camera.

Greek Scenic Machines

Inside the permanent scene were kept the machines used during the performance: · SCENIC DEVICES o Pinakes: painted panels o Periaktoi: painted, triangular solids. movable scenery, mounted on wheels or on revolving prisms o Ekkyklema: rolling cart or wagon wheeled-plattform on which bodies of dead persons were presented (because a murder or a suicide never takes place in front of the spectators) o Mechane: crane and winch o Rolling stones for thunder

Hamlet Role of Irony Irony is: A literary device that signifies the opposite of its intended meaning. Used for humorous or emphatic effect. A rhetorical device that conveys a message that is clear to the audience but unknown to the character. Irony was used as a literary device in Hamlet to combine the two extremes of humor and tragedy. Tragedies are typically not humorous, but Shakespeare's combination proved successful in creating an entertaining yet suspenseful play.

Irony is evident throughout the tragic events in Hamlet. It is used throughout the entire play through different means. These means include: DRAMATIC and COSMIC: COMPLICIT IN OWN DESTRUCTION Situational irony: Occurrence of unintended circumstances of events. Dramatic irony: Occurs when the audience knows something that the characters do not. Verbal irony: Occurs when the speaker says the opposite of what they mean. Examples: Hamlet says "I am too much in the sun." Application of irony: Claudius asked Hamlet "How is it that the clouds still hang on you?" In other words, why are you still so sad about the death of your father? Hamlet replies "I am too much in the sun." Hamlet's response can be viewed as a play on words with two meanings: i. Hamlet is doing well or ii. Hamlet is grieving over the death of his father. Example 2: Hamlet says "A little more than kin, and less than kind." Application of irony: Hamlet means that he is now more than just a nephew to Claudius and now he is also his son. In addition, he is also saying that they are not morally the same.

Oedipus's wife/mother

Jocasta

Episode 3

Jocasta's offering to gods. Messenger from Corinth. First thread of evidence of Oedipus's birth. Jocasta realizes truth

lovesick

John Cariani's LOVE/SICK is a collection of nine slightly twisted and completely hilarious short plays. Set on a Friday night in an alternate suburban reality, this 80-minute romp explores the pain and the joy that comes with being in love. Full of imperfect lovers and dreamers, LOVE/SICK is an unromantic comedy for the romantic in everyone.

Be thoroughly familiar with Bates Fall MainStage "Love Sick"

LOVE/SICK is a one-act, nine-play cycle about love and loss-but mostly loss. l. "Obsessive Impulsive" 2. "The Singing Telegram" 3. "What?!?" 4. "The Answer" 5. "Uh-Oh" 6. "Lunch and Dinner"* 7. "Forgot" 8. "Where Was I?" 9. "Destiny" Each play has its own arc and tells the story of a couple at a crossroads in their relationship. Since each relationship is more advanced than the previous relationship, a larger arc emerges and the individual plays work together to create a satisfying wholeone that chronicles the lif ecycle of a typical relationship from meeting through divorce ... and afterwards.

Oedipus's father

Laius - Oedipus' father is Laius, king of Thebes, who tried to leave Oedipus on a hill to die to avoid the Oracle of Delphi's prophecy that Laius' son would kill him. Oedipus was raised by King Polybus of Corinth, thinking him to be his natural father.

Love Sick - Theme

Let's define "love-sickness" as any combination of emotional, psychological, or physical derangements provoked by people's erotic attachments to one another—whether consummated or not. Which makes love-sickness perhaps the most pervasive theme in western art and literature. LOVE/SICK is a romantic play. It is not a sentimental play. LOVE/SICK is full of highs and lows. Play them fully. Soar. Crash. Repeat. LOVE/SICK is a realistically absurd play. Play it for real. Even though it's absurd. LOVE/SICK is a very funny tragedy. Make sure it's very funny. And very sad.

Modern Times - (Know the assigned film)

Modern Times 1936 ‧ Drama/Romance Actor in it: Charlie Chaplin This comedic masterpiece finds the iconic Little Tramp (Charlie Chaplin) employed at a state-of-the-art factory where the inescapable machinery completely overwhelms him, and where various mishaps keep getting him sent to prison. In between his various jail stints, he meets and befriends an orphan girl (Paulette Goddard). Both together and apart, they try to contend with the difficulties of modern life, with the Tramp working as a waiter and eventually a performer. Release date: February 25, 1936 (USA) Director: Charlie Chaplin Screenplay: Charlie Chaplin

Mulholland Dr. (know the film)

Mulholland Drive 2001 ‧ Drama/Mystery Actress: Naomi Watts A dark-haired woman (Laura Elena Harring) is left amnesiac after a car crash. She wanders the streets of Los Angeles in a daze before taking refuge in an apartment. There she is discovered by Betty (Naomi Watts), a wholesome Midwestern blonde who has come to the City of Angels seeking fame as an actress. Together, the two attempt to solve the mystery of Rita's true identity. The story is set in a dream-like Los Angeles, spoilt neither by traffic jams nor smog. Release date: October 8, 2001 (USA) Director: David Lynch Featured song: Mulholland Drive Screenplay: David Lynch

Single Frame

ONE IMAGE CELL ON FILM STRIP

Episode 1

Oedipus curses murderer and issues proclamation. Teiresias enters and Oedipus accuses him of treason

4 children

Oedipus fathered...

Corinth

Oedipus lived in ________ as a child

swollen footed

Oedipus means

D.W. Griffith 1 concrete innovation and name of a least one film

One Innovation: See Picture example of continuity editing D.W. Griffith was responsible for many innovations in the film industry including: Classical Cutting- also known as continuity editing is a style of editing that is characterized by the sequence of shots is determined by a scene's dramatic and emotional emphasis rather than physical action. One Film: He directed the 1915 feature-length work Birth of a Nation, which was a blockbuster but was also highly racist in content

ARCHON EPONYMOUS

One of the city's ruling officers after whom the year is named. Picks plays; gives permissions. rule, power - a chief of state of ancient Athens

Greek Theater Building Parts: Orchestra

Orchestra - the flat area where the chorus stood, sang, and danced. The Orchestra was the almost circular place, situated in front of the scene (stage) facing the audience. The orchestra was the acting place, especially in the early years, although gradually the action moved from the orchestra to the scene and -if we want to be more specific-to front side of the scene, which part was called Proscenio, because it was situated in front of the scene (pro+scene).

Episode 4

Original shepherd is called in. Second thread of evidence. Climax of play - anagnorisis of Oedipus

Contributions to the development of narrative technique in film by EDWIN S. PORTER

Porter pioneered certain aspects of narrative filmmaking, such as linear editing and intertitles, while also adhering to many of early cinema's unique traits, such as temporal overlap and direct address of the camera by performers. case of temporal overlap occurs in Edwin S. Porter's (1870-1941) Life of an American Fireman (1903), when the rescue of the mother and child from the burning building is shown twice, both from within the building and from the outside. Porter entered the motion picture business as a traveling exhibitor, and that experience probably influenced his early experiments as a filmmaker.

Hamlet Plot Summary The ghost of the King of Denmark tells his son Hamlet to avenge his murder by killing the new king, Hamlet's uncle. Hamlet feigns madness, contemplates life and death, and seeks revenge. His uncle, fearing for his life, also devises plots to kill Hamlet. The play ends with a duel, during which the King, Queen, Hamlet's opponent and Hamlet himself are all killed.

Prince Hamlet has been summoned home to Denmark to attend his father's funeral. One night, a Ghost reveals itself to Hamlet, claiming to be the ghost of Hamlet's father, the former king. The Ghost claims that the old king was murdered by Hamlet's uncle, Claudius, who has since married Hamlet's mother, Gertrude, and assumed the throne. Hamlet decides to uncover the truth for himself. He makes himself appear crazy, mistreating his girlfriend Ophelia to deflect Claudius' suspicion. He later convinces a troupe of players to perform The Murder of Gonzago, a play that reenacts King Hamlet's death by poisoning. Claudius' response to the play is suspicious. Hamlet spies on Claudius, listening to him pray. Enraged, Hamlet accidentally kills Polonius, Ophelia's father. Claudius sends Hamlet to England on the pretense of a diplomatic mission, having secretly arranged for the prince to be executed on arrival. Hamlet cleverly escapes, returning in time to witness Ophelia's funeral. She may have killed herself. Claudius arranges a duel between Hamlet and Ophelia's brother Laertes. During the duel, Gertrude drinks from a poisoned goblet intended for Hamlet. Laertes and Hamlet scuffle, wounding each other with a poisoned rapier. In his last moments, Hamlet kills Claudius, at last avenging his father.

SOUND:

SOUND: AUDITORY ACCOMPANIMENT WITHIN THE MISE EN SCENE=DIEGETIC OUTSIDE THE MISE EN SCENE=NON-DIEGETIC

Anti-realism (nature of metaphor) A metaphor establishes a connection between things that seem unlike (i.e. wheelsas legs, chicken of the sea). The idea of nature of the metaphor plays into the idea of antirealism.

Seeks to restore the non-literal, the stylized, the presentational, and the theatrical. The probable is redefined as the impossible. A metaphor establishes a connection between things that seem unlike (i.e. wheelsas legs, chicken of the sea). The idea of nature of the metaphor plays into the idea of antirealism. DENIES THE NATURE OF THE MEDIUM. THEATER IS MAKE-BELIEVE; DISGUISE; PRETENCE; PERFORMANCE.

MEDIUM

THE MEDIUM = THE MATERIAL CAUSE; WHAT THE ART WORK IS MADE OF. Medium IN THEATER: LIVE PERFORMANCE IN A DESIGNATED SPACE BEFORE AN AUDIENCE. Medium IN FILM: PHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGES PRINTED ON STRIPS OF TRANSPARENT / TRANSLUCENT FILM. DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO THE "HOW" IN THEATER THE "HOW" IS EXPRESSED THROUGH MISE EN SCENE. STYLISTIC "HOWS" IN FILM, THE "HOW" IS EXPRESSED THROUGH o MISE EN SCENE: WHAT IS SHOT ACTING STYLE SETTING LIGHTING COSTUME / MAKEUP o CINEMATOGRAPHY: HOW IT IS SHOT o EDITING: HOW SHOTS ARE JOINED TOGETHER

CUT

TRANSITION FROM ONE SHOT TO THE NEXT. SCENE:

Greek Theater Building Parts: The main theatre, called Koilon.

The Kollon is the main auditorium of the greek theater, where the spectators sat. It was called koilon because of its shape. Its shape was semi-circular, built around the orchestra. It was divided in two Diazoma, the upper and the lower. At first the spectators were sitting around the orchestra. Later the Greeks started building the Koilon. It is believed that during the 5th century, the spectators carried along cushions to sit on. Radial staircases separated the Koilon into wedge shaped sections, in order to make the entrance and exit of the spectators easier. The front seats were called Proedria and were reserved for officials and priests. The most honorable spectator of the theater was the priest of Elefthereos Dionysus, who was sitting in a throne made of marble.

Importance of the Lumiere Brothers

The Lumière Brothers: Pioneers of cinema and colour photography. Famous for inventing the cinematograph and the autochrome, Auguste and Louis Lumière are among the most significant figures in film and photography history.

Other parts of the Greek Theater Building

The Orchestra was the almost circular place, situated in front of the scene (stage) facing the audience. At the center of the orchestra was situated the Thymeli, which at the early years was meant to be an altar and later on, a place, where the leader of the chorus (koryphaios) was standing. gradually the action moved from the orchestra to the scene and -if we want to be more specific-to front side of the scene, which part was called Proscenio, because it was situated in front of the scene (pro+scene). The scene had one or three entrances for the actors. The sides of the Scene facing the audience, served for background as were decorated as a Palace or a Temple. Later on, as scenography (i.e. theatrical painting) developped, painted panels with other themes, such as woods, army camps etc were placed as background. Between the scene and the seats, there were two more entrances, called Parodoi, one on the right and one on the left, from which the chorus and the persons coming from the outside At the back of the scene one could find two buildings with doors, that let on the Proscenio and as far as their decoration is concerned, they might extend the theme of the scene or even present another theme. Along the back wall of the scene was built a narrow but raised plattform, the Logeion. It was a place designed just for the actors, by which they got separatad from the chorus. The flat roof of the scene was dedicated to gods and it was called Theologion (theos=god). The Koilon (or Theatron) was the auditorium of the greek theater, where the spectators sat. It was called koilon because of its shape. Its shape was semi-circular, built around the orchestra. It was divided in two Diazoma, the upper and the lower. At first the spectators were sitting around the orchestra. Later the Greeks started building the Koilon. The front seats were called Proedria and were reserved for officials and priests. At the end of the 5th century the Greeks started building permanent Scenes and Koilons made of stone, (replacing the earlier wooden constructions).

Love Sick - Action

The highs and lows of love

City Dionysia: Religious festival in honor of god, Dionysus

The most important Greek festival in honor of the god Dionysus, and the first to include drama. · Wine, Fertility, Revelry: ECSTASY. · RITUAL—from "AR"—to fit together—parts assembled for a purpose. To achieve some spiritual outcome. Ceremony. · Early March—onset of spring. · Ordinary time suspended; sacred / religious time supersedes. · Tragedy incorporated in 534 b.c. · Comedy incorporated in 489 · During 5thCentury: Five days of performances. Disagreement about what, when. · At least THREE DAYS devoted to plays. · One dramatist does 3 plays (TRILOGY) plus satyr play on each day. Thus, nine plays per festival. · Thus, during the 5thCentury: 900 TRAGEDIES WERE PRODUCED. 31 SURVIVE. 3.33 %. · TWO OTHER DAYS probably devoted to dithyrambic contests o 10 choruses of adults on one day / 10 choruses of children on other day · Awards given on last day of festival. Bad behavers punished. · COMPETITION—like Olympics o Best comic and tragic playwrights o Best actor (later)

Greek Theater Building Parts: The Scene (also referred to as proscenio)

The scene had one or three entrances for the actors. The sides of the Scene facing the audience, served for background as were decorated as a Palace or a Temple. Later on, as scenography (i.e. theatrical painting) developped, painted panels with other themes, such as woods, army camps etc were placed as background. gradually the action moved from the orchestra to the scene and -if we want to be more specific-to front side of the scene, which part was called Proscenio, because it was situated in front of the scene (pro+scene).

Inventions of Thespis - invented genre of tragedy - father of drama; first actor

Thespis is traditionally credited with inventing the genre of tragedy and with being the first actor; before him drama was performed only by the chorus, without the use of actors or sets. Aristotle maintained that Thespis also originated the use of the prologue and the set speech....father of drama; first actor According to ancient tradition, Thespis was the first actor in Greek drama. He was often called the inventor of tragedy, and his name was recorded as the first to stage a tragedy at the Great (or City) Dionysia (c. 534 bc).

MISE EN SCENE:

WHAT IS SHOT. It is about the theatrics of space as the space is constructed for the camera. "everything within the frame that makes up the frame," and she meant everything. This includes lighting, wardrobe, camera placement, camera angle, props, blocking, lenses, even film stock—literally everything—I mean it. Each visual element that appears on screen, a.k.a. the mise-en-scène of a film, can serve and enhance the story—so it is the cinematographer's responsibility to ensure that every element is cohesive and support the story.

Definition of mise-en-scene

What is put into the scene (put before the camera) camera movement, position, edititing The key elements of Mise En Scène are: Composition. Production Design. Lighting. Costuming. Hair and Makeup. Film Texture.

a plot must be...

a complete whole, with a beginning, middle and end. Also requires a central theme

Periaktoi

a device used for displaying and rapidly changing theatre scenes. In ancient Greek Theatre, a three-sided scenic piece which could be revolved.

Mechane

a machine crane that could fly actors in over the skene

Peripeteia

a sudden reversal of fortune or change in circumstances, especially in reference to fictional narrative.

Thymele

altar to Dionysus in center of orchestra

skene

back drop

Definition of Cinematography

deals with the choices that are made for the camera - the placement of the camera, the camera angle toward the subject, the lens choice, and the camera movement. Each of these choices has an affect on the recorded image and how the viewer perceives (consciously or unconsciously) that image.

Parados (play structure)

entrance song of the chorus

parados

entryway

hubris

excessive pride or arrogance that results in the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy

Greek Theater buildings were:

greek theatre consists of three major parts: the Orchestra, the Scene and the main theatre, called Koilon.

What is the relevance to the Oepidus Rex play with these terms: Hubris, hamartia, anagnorisis, and peripeteia

o Hubris: overweening excessive pride; arrogance the character of King Oedipus provides a classic example of a character who suffers from hubris, or excessive pride. Due to his hubris, he attempts to defy prophecies of gods, but ended up doing what he feared the most, and what he was warned against. The Oracle of Delphi told him that he would kill his father and marry his mother. Overcome by hubris, Oedipus tries to avoid this by leaving Corinth, traveling toward Thebes. On his way to the neighboring city, he kills an old man in a feud, and later marries the queen of Thebes, as he was made king of the city after he saved the city from a deadly sphinx. One can say that he commits all these sins in complete ignorance, but nevertheless he deserves punishment because he became so proud that he does not shy from attempting to rebel against his fate. His reversal of fortune is caused by his hubris. o Hamartia: the self-destroying fault or flaw: In The King Oedipus, a tragic situation possible was the unwitting murder of one family member by another. Mistaken identity allows Oedipus to kill his father Laius on the road to Thebes and subsequently to marry Jocasta, his mother; only later does he recognize his tragic error. However, because he commits the crime in ignorance and pays for it with remorse, self-mutilation, and exile, the plot reaches resolution and we pity him as a victim of ironic fate instead of accusing him of blood guilt. o Anagnorisis: the moment of recognition (Discovery); discovery.When Laius (Oedipus Rex's father) hears the prophecy that foretells he will be murdered by his own child and that this son of his would bed his mother he is so determined to make sure it doesn't come true that he actually has a shepherd of his take his son out to the mountains with the intent of leaving him there to die. The shepherd could not bear to let the baby die, so he gave him to another shepherd from another kingdom. This shepherd brought the baby to the king and queen of that kingdom to raise as their own, since they could not have children. Later, another prophet predicted to that baby, which was Oedipus that he would murder his father and bed his mother and he tried to avoid this by leaving his adopted kingdom, unaware that these were not his birth parents. o Peripeteia: the moment of reversal: This reversal of fortune. Oedipus had a life that was the envy of all, he was a hero and he had married the queen and become king and had a family that he loved. However, the moment he found out that the prophecy had come true all of this changed. His wife who was actually his mother, Jocasta, committed suicide and Oedipus himself clawed his eyes out, leaving him helpless and blind. He was forced to leave the kingdom and his two young daughters, and give up his kingship, to live alone, an outcast. All of this happened because he and his father tried so hard to make the prophecies not come true that they actually put themselves into the very situation that allowed it to happen. These discoveries and reversals of fortune are the very thing that makes this play so interesting. Sophocles' Oedipus Rex, the peripeteia occurs towards the end of the play when the Messenger brings Oedipus news of his parentage. In the play, Oedipus is fated to murder his father and marry his mother. His parents, Laius and Jocasta, try to forestall the oracle by sending their son away to be killed, but he is actually raised by Polybus, a shepherd, and his wife Merope.

COSTUMES - greek theater

o MASK o ONKOS—head piece o KOTHORNUS—foot gear / raised boots o CHALMYS—long, flowing robe o COLOR CODING

Greek Theater Tragic Structure

o PROLOGOS: Preliminary speech or scene o PARADOS: Entry of the chorus o EPISODES: One incident of dramatic action involving two or three characters and often the chorus. These alternate with: o CHORAL ODES. Songs of reflection or celebration by whole chorus.

Ekkyklema

platform on wheels used to bring out characters from inside the building

Choregus

producer. Puts up money for chorus, musicians, costumes, etc. a wealthy Greek citizen who helped pay for play production.

Anagnorisis (recognition/knowing)

recognition or realization of truth....... is a moment in a play or other work when a character makes a critical discovery.

Realism - Know the definition

seeks to replicate everyday life. What is seen on stage should be possible and probable (I.E. How people dress, speak, and behave... What kinds of rooms they live in. etc.) REALISM RESTRICTS THE MEANING OF IMITATION. It confuses resemblance/likeness with replication / FACSIMILIE Thereby limits the definition of imitation to equivalence. Excludes or limits symbol and metaphor

Love Sick - Mise En Scene

settings and set denote the locate where a scene is filmed.......actors, lighting, décor, props, costume, production design The key elements of Mise En Scène are: Composition. Production Design. Lighting. Costuming. Hair and Makeup. Film Texture. (how the space is constructed for the camera)

Anti-realism definition

the denial of the existence or accessibility of an objective reality

Hamartia

tragic flaw which causes a character's downfall

Inventions of Aeschylus - Father of Tragedy· (525-456):

· (525-456): o Introduced second actor o Reduced chorus from 50 to 12 o Author of only surviving trilogy: The Oresteia Aeschylus is also credited with inventing standards for scenery and costumes. He is said to have invented or been the first to make repeated use of a crane to lift actors and of a wheeled platform to change stage scenery. He is also thought to have routinely acted in his own plays. Aeschylus wrote tragedies about the difficult choices men (not, in his view, women) have to make, and what happens as a result. His most famous plays are the three plays Agamemnon, the Libation Bearers, and the Eumenides Aeschylus was the earliest of the great Greek tragedians and the principal creator of Greek drama. He is called the 'Father of Tragedy'. Aeschylus fought for Athens at Marathon (490 BC), helping defeat invading Persia. ... He reduced the chorus in size, lessening its importance in favour of dramatic dialogue

Nature and structure of dramatic festivals

· Wine, Fertility, Revelry: ECSTASY. · RITUAL—from "AR"—to fit together—parts assembled for a purpose. To achieve some spiritual outcome. Ceremony. · Early March—onset of spring. · Ordinary time suspended; sacred / religious time supersedes. · Tragedy incorporated in 534 b.c. · Comedy incorporated in 489 · During 5thCentury: Five days of performances. Disagreement about what, when. · At least THREE DAYS devoted to plays. · One dramatist does 3 plays (TRILOGY) plus satyr play on each day. Thus, nine plays per festival. · Thus, during the 5thCentury: 900 TRAGEDIES WERE PRODUCED. 31 SURVIVE. 3.33 %. · TWO OTHER DAYS probably devoted to dithyrambic contests o 10 choruses of adults on one day / 10 choruses of children on other day · Awards given on last day of festival. Bad behavers punished. · COMPETITION—like Olympics o Best comic and tragic playwrights o Best actor (later) · ORGANIZATION o ARCHON EPONYMOUS: One of the city's ruling officers after whom the year is named. Picks plays; gives permissions. o CHOREGUS: producer. Puts up money for chorus, musicians, costumes, etc.