Theme 1.2

Which of the following values of ΔGrxn indicates a reversible reaction?

+1.3 kJ mol-1

Which of the following values is the [H+] in a system at biochemical standard state?

10-7 mol L-1

Which of the following statements correctly defines the term microstate?

A particular arrangement of atoms and energy

Entropy describes which of the following properties?

All of these

Which of the following rules applies to biochemical standard state?

All solutes except H+ are 1 mol L-1

The reaction quotient Q uses which of the following values?

Current, instantaneous concentrations of products and reactants

Which of the following terms describes a reaction with ΔH > 0?

Endothermic

thermodynamic work refers to which of the following statements?

Energy released by a system in a non-random manner

Thermodynamic heat refers to which of the following statements?

Energy released by a system in a random manner

Which of the following terms describes a reaction with ΔGrxn < 0?

Exergonic

The term "steady state" is closely associated with which of the following?

Homeostasis

A reaction with a large negative ΔG is best described by which term?

Irreversible

For the reaction A(s) + B(aq) ⇔ C(aq) + D(aq), which of the following equilibrium constant expressions is correct?

K = [C][D]/[B]

For the reaction A(aq) + 2 B(aq) ⇔ C(l) + D(aq), which of the following equilibrium constant expressions is correct?

K = [D]/[A][B]2

Which of the following ΔGrxn values is appropriate for an irreversible reaction (select all correct answers)?

Large negative Large Positive

If a particular reaction has ΔS > 0, which of the following terms must describe the reaction?

None of these

When a particular reaction takes place, the surroundings become cold. What is the sign of ΔH?

Positive

Which of the following terms describes a reaction with a small positive ΔGrxn?

Reversible

Diffusion describes the spontaneous movement of which of the following scenarios?

Solute from regions of high solute concentration to regions of low solute concentration

Homeostasis is most closely related to which of the following terms?

Steady State

The amount of work a system can do relates directly to which of the following values?

The change in Gibbs free energy

Which of the following conditions is true at biochemical standard state (select all correct answers)?

The concentration of H+ is 10-7 mol L-1 All gases are 1 bar

A positive ΔS indicates which of the following outcomes?

The number of microstates of a system is increasing

If a reaction has a positive ΔS, which of the following statements is always true?

The products have more microstates than the reactants

Which of the following statements is true for all exothermic reactions?

The products of the reaction have lower total energy than the reactants

If a reaction has ΔGrxn = 0, which of the following statements is true?

The reaction is at equilibrium

Which of the following interpretations is correct for ΔH < 0?

The reaction is releasing energy

Enthalpy describes which of the following properties?

The total energy of a system

Which of the following statements best describes a coupled reaction?

Two reactions with an overall negative ΔGrxn even though one reaction has a positive ΔGrxn, and the product of one reaction is a reactant is the other

Which of the following statements describes a spontaneous coupled reaction?

Two reactions with overall ΔGrxn < 0 even though one reaction has ΔGrxn > 0

When is a system in equilibrium?

When ΔG=0

ΔG relates to which of the following statements?

Whether or not a reaction is spontaneous

Which of the following terms indicates energy movement in a directed manner?

Work

A system is in equilibrium when which of the following terms is equal to zero?

ΔG

A reaction that can do work has which of the following properties?

ΔG < 0

Which of the following relationships is true for all exergonic systems?

ΔG < 0

The total energy change of a chemical reaction is described by which of the following quantities?

ΔH

Which of the following relationships is true for an endothermic reaction?

ΔH > 0, energy is being added to the reaction

The change in the number of microstates of a system is described by which of the following quantities?

ΔS

Which of the following terms directly relates to a change in the microstates of a system?

ΔS