chapter 2

The ____is a prominent feature of the oral region.

Tongue

the _____, running close to the surface.

deeper lingual veins

has a midline depression

dorsal surface of the tongue

Behind the base of the tongue and in front of the oropharynx is the ____, a flap of cartilage.

epiglottis

the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle, divides each side of the neck diagonally into an

anterior cervical triangle and posterior cervical triangle.

The fauces are formed laterally on each side by folds of tissue, both the

anterior faucial pillar and the posterior faucial pillar

The gingiva that tightly adheres to the bone around the roots of the teeth is the

attatched gingiva

Teeth are located within the upper and lower jaws of the oral cavity within each tooth socket or

aveolus

The posterior third is the ___ or pharyngeal part.

base of the tongue

These large mushroom-shaped lingual papillae have taste buds at their

bases

The anterior two-thirds of the tongue is termed the___ or oral part since it lies within the oral cavity.

body of the tongue

The opening from the oral region into the oropharynx is the

fauces

The slender, threadlike lingual papillae are the ______, which give the dorsal surface its velvety texture.

filiform lingual papillae

The labial mucosa is continuous with the equally pink with what that lies the inner cheek

buccoal mucosa

the outermost layer of the root(s) is composed of

cementum

Which are 10 to 14 in number, line up along the anterior side of the sulcus terminalis on the body.

circumvallate lingual papillae

The base of the tongue attaches to the

floor of the mouth

is located inferior to the ventral surface of the tongue

floor of the mouth

Contain taste buds

foliate lingual papillae

Where the sulcus terminalis points backward toward the throat is a small, pitlike depression, the

foramen cecum

The red mushroom-shaped dots are the

fungiform lingual papillae.

Surrounding both the maxillary and mandibular teeth are the gums or

gingiva

The inner surface of the marginal gingiva faces a space(s) or

gingival sulcus

The roof of the mouth, or palate, has two parts

hard and soft palate

The firmer, whiter, anterior part is the

hard palate

located in the anterior midline and suspended in the neck without any bony articulations, superior to the thyroid cartilage.

hyoid bone

A small bulge of tissue at the most anterior part of the hard palate, lingual to the anterior teeth, is the

incisive papilla

The teeth in the front of the mouth are called

incisors and canines

the gingival tissue between adjacent teeth adjoining attached gingiva, with each individual extension being an interdental papilla.

interdental gingiva

Which is a fold(s) of tissue located at the midline between the labial mucosa and the alveolar mucosa for both the maxilla and mandible.

labial frenum

The inner parts of the lips are lined by a pink

labial mucosa

located more inferior, close to the laryngeal opening, and thus is not visible in an intraoral examination.

laryngopharynx

The vocal cords or ligaments of the ___ or "voice box" are attached to the posterior surface of the thyroid cartilage.

larynx

noted for its vertical ridges

lateral surface of the tongue

is a midline fold of tissue between the ventral surface of the tongue and the floor of the mouth.

lingual frenum

Certain surfaces of the tongue have elevated small structures of specialized mucosa, the _____, some of which are associated with taste buds

lingual papillae

At the gingival margin of each tooth is the nonattached or

marginial gingiva

The teeth of the maxilla are the ____ and the teeth of the mandible are the ____

maxillary and mandibular teeth

A tissue-covered elevation on the posterior aspects of the maxilla just posterior to the most distal maxillary molar is the

maxillary tuberosity

what is the midline depression of the tongue

median lingual sulcus

A midline ridge of tissue on the hard palate is the ____, which runs from the incisive papilla to the uvula.

median palatine raphe

the prominence of the chin

mental protuberance

The chin is the major feature of the _____ of the head.

mental region

The teeth located toward the back of the mouth

molars and premolars

Vestibular fornix is where the pink and thick labial or buccal mucosa meets the redder and thinner aveolar mucosa at the

mucobuccal fold

The line of demarcation between the firmer and pinker attached gingiva and the movable and redder alveolar mucosa is the scallop-shaped

mucogingival junction

The part of the pharynx that is superior to the level of the soft palate is the

nasopharynx

The part of the pharynx that is between the soft palate and the opening of the larynx is the

oropharynx

The oral cavity also provides the entrance into the throat or

pahrynx

Directly posterior to this papilla are _____, which are firm, irregular ridges of tissue.

palatine rugae

located between each of these pillars or folds of tissue created by underlying muscles

palatine tonsils

On the inner part of the buccal mucosa, just opposite the maxillary second molar, the________is a small elevation of tissue that protects the duct opening from the parotid salivary gland.

parotid papilla

Lateral to the deep lingual veins on each side is the _____ , a fold(s) with fringelike projections.

plica fimbriata

The is a fold of tissue that extends from the junction of the hard and soft palates on each side down to the mandible, just posterior to the most distal mandibular molar, and stretches when the patient opens the mouth wider.

pterygomandibular fold

can be divided into different cervical triangles on the basis of the large bones and muscles in the area, with each triangle containing structures that are palpated during an extraoral examination.

regions of the neck

A similar feature on the mandible just posterior to the most distal mandibular molar is a dense pad of tissue, the

retromolar pad

The moderately hard dentin continues to cover the soft tissue of the pulp of the tooth in the

roots

The yellower and looser posterior part of the palate is the

soft palate

The large strap muscle, the _____, divides each side of the neck diagonally

sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle

The small papilla or ____ at the anterior end of each sublingual fold contains the duct openings from both the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.

sublingual caruncle

Thus the superior part of each anterior cervical triangle is demarcated by the main parts of the digastric muscle (both anterior and posterior bellies) and the mandible, forming a

submandibular triangle.

Farther posteriorly on the dorsal surface of the tongue and more difficult to see clinically is a "V"-shaped groove, the

sulcus terminalis

The _________ of the thyroid cartilage is just superior to the laryngeal prominence and is also a palpable landmark of the neck.

superior thyroid notch

Even farther posteriorly on the dorsal surface of the tongue base on each side is an irregular mass of lymphoid tissue

the lingual tonsil

A ridge of tissue also exists on each side of the floor of the mouth

the sublingual fold

A midline muscular structure, ____ of the palate, hangs from the posterior margin of the soft palate

the uvula

The base of the tongue does not lie within the oral cavity but within the oral part of the

throat or pharynx

At the anterior midline, the largest of the larynx's cartilages, the ____, is visible as the laryngeal prominence or "Adam's apple," especially in adult males.

thyroid cartilage

is noted for its visibly large blood vessels

ventral surface of the tongue

Deep within each vestibule is the

vestibular fornix

The upper and lower horseshoe‑shaped spaces in the oral cavity between the lips and cheeks anteriorly and laterally and the teeth and their soft tissue medially and posteriorly are considered the maxillary and mandibular

vestibule

From posterior to anterior, the tongue has three regions:

Base, body, and apex