chapter 2
The ____is a prominent feature of the oral region.
Tongue
the _____, running close to the surface.
deeper lingual veins
has a midline depression
dorsal surface of the tongue
Behind the base of the tongue and in front of the oropharynx is the ____, a flap of cartilage.
epiglottis
the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle, divides each side of the neck diagonally into an
anterior cervical triangle and posterior cervical triangle.
The fauces are formed laterally on each side by folds of tissue, both the
anterior faucial pillar and the posterior faucial pillar
The gingiva that tightly adheres to the bone around the roots of the teeth is the
attatched gingiva
Teeth are located within the upper and lower jaws of the oral cavity within each tooth socket or
aveolus
The posterior third is the ___ or pharyngeal part.
base of the tongue
These large mushroom-shaped lingual papillae have taste buds at their
bases
The anterior two-thirds of the tongue is termed the___ or oral part since it lies within the oral cavity.
body of the tongue
The opening from the oral region into the oropharynx is the
fauces
The slender, threadlike lingual papillae are the ______, which give the dorsal surface its velvety texture.
filiform lingual papillae
The labial mucosa is continuous with the equally pink with what that lies the inner cheek
buccoal mucosa
the outermost layer of the root(s) is composed of
cementum
Which are 10 to 14 in number, line up along the anterior side of the sulcus terminalis on the body.
circumvallate lingual papillae
The base of the tongue attaches to the
floor of the mouth
is located inferior to the ventral surface of the tongue
floor of the mouth
Contain taste buds
foliate lingual papillae
Where the sulcus terminalis points backward toward the throat is a small, pitlike depression, the
foramen cecum
The red mushroom-shaped dots are the
fungiform lingual papillae.
Surrounding both the maxillary and mandibular teeth are the gums or
gingiva
The inner surface of the marginal gingiva faces a space(s) or
gingival sulcus
The roof of the mouth, or palate, has two parts
hard and soft palate
The firmer, whiter, anterior part is the
hard palate
located in the anterior midline and suspended in the neck without any bony articulations, superior to the thyroid cartilage.
hyoid bone
A small bulge of tissue at the most anterior part of the hard palate, lingual to the anterior teeth, is the
incisive papilla
The teeth in the front of the mouth are called
incisors and canines
the gingival tissue between adjacent teeth adjoining attached gingiva, with each individual extension being an interdental papilla.
interdental gingiva
Which is a fold(s) of tissue located at the midline between the labial mucosa and the alveolar mucosa for both the maxilla and mandible.
labial frenum
The inner parts of the lips are lined by a pink
labial mucosa
located more inferior, close to the laryngeal opening, and thus is not visible in an intraoral examination.
laryngopharynx
The vocal cords or ligaments of the ___ or "voice box" are attached to the posterior surface of the thyroid cartilage.
larynx
noted for its vertical ridges
lateral surface of the tongue
is a midline fold of tissue between the ventral surface of the tongue and the floor of the mouth.
lingual frenum
Certain surfaces of the tongue have elevated small structures of specialized mucosa, the _____, some of which are associated with taste buds
lingual papillae
At the gingival margin of each tooth is the nonattached or
marginial gingiva
The teeth of the maxilla are the ____ and the teeth of the mandible are the ____
maxillary and mandibular teeth
A tissue-covered elevation on the posterior aspects of the maxilla just posterior to the most distal maxillary molar is the
maxillary tuberosity
what is the midline depression of the tongue
median lingual sulcus
A midline ridge of tissue on the hard palate is the ____, which runs from the incisive papilla to the uvula.
median palatine raphe
the prominence of the chin
mental protuberance
The chin is the major feature of the _____ of the head.
mental region
The teeth located toward the back of the mouth
molars and premolars
Vestibular fornix is where the pink and thick labial or buccal mucosa meets the redder and thinner aveolar mucosa at the
mucobuccal fold
The line of demarcation between the firmer and pinker attached gingiva and the movable and redder alveolar mucosa is the scallop-shaped
mucogingival junction
The part of the pharynx that is superior to the level of the soft palate is the
nasopharynx
The part of the pharynx that is between the soft palate and the opening of the larynx is the
oropharynx
The oral cavity also provides the entrance into the throat or
pahrynx
Directly posterior to this papilla are _____, which are firm, irregular ridges of tissue.
palatine rugae
located between each of these pillars or folds of tissue created by underlying muscles
palatine tonsils
On the inner part of the buccal mucosa, just opposite the maxillary second molar, the________is a small elevation of tissue that protects the duct opening from the parotid salivary gland.
parotid papilla
Lateral to the deep lingual veins on each side is the _____ , a fold(s) with fringelike projections.
plica fimbriata
The is a fold of tissue that extends from the junction of the hard and soft palates on each side down to the mandible, just posterior to the most distal mandibular molar, and stretches when the patient opens the mouth wider.
pterygomandibular fold
can be divided into different cervical triangles on the basis of the large bones and muscles in the area, with each triangle containing structures that are palpated during an extraoral examination.
regions of the neck
A similar feature on the mandible just posterior to the most distal mandibular molar is a dense pad of tissue, the
retromolar pad
The moderately hard dentin continues to cover the soft tissue of the pulp of the tooth in the
roots
The yellower and looser posterior part of the palate is the
soft palate
The large strap muscle, the _____, divides each side of the neck diagonally
sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle
The small papilla or ____ at the anterior end of each sublingual fold contains the duct openings from both the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.
sublingual caruncle
Thus the superior part of each anterior cervical triangle is demarcated by the main parts of the digastric muscle (both anterior and posterior bellies) and the mandible, forming a
submandibular triangle.
Farther posteriorly on the dorsal surface of the tongue and more difficult to see clinically is a "V"-shaped groove, the
sulcus terminalis
The _________ of the thyroid cartilage is just superior to the laryngeal prominence and is also a palpable landmark of the neck.
superior thyroid notch
Even farther posteriorly on the dorsal surface of the tongue base on each side is an irregular mass of lymphoid tissue
the lingual tonsil
A ridge of tissue also exists on each side of the floor of the mouth
the sublingual fold
A midline muscular structure, ____ of the palate, hangs from the posterior margin of the soft palate
the uvula
The base of the tongue does not lie within the oral cavity but within the oral part of the
throat or pharynx
At the anterior midline, the largest of the larynx's cartilages, the ____, is visible as the laryngeal prominence or "Adam's apple," especially in adult males.
thyroid cartilage
is noted for its visibly large blood vessels
ventral surface of the tongue
Deep within each vestibule is the
vestibular fornix
The upper and lower horseshoe‑shaped spaces in the oral cavity between the lips and cheeks anteriorly and laterally and the teeth and their soft tissue medially and posteriorly are considered the maxillary and mandibular
vestibule
From posterior to anterior, the tongue has three regions:
Base, body, and apex