Theology Exam 2

Christian evolutionists: Theistic evolution

(Francis Collins= Biologos) 1. Evo. is a correct scientific theory and is not intrinsically atheistic 2. God chose the elegant mechanism of evolution to create life 3. While humans are a part of evolutionary process, they are unique and point to our spiritual nature

The Substantive View

1. The dominant view throughout most of church history 2. ID is identified with some definite characteristic within the human (either an aspect of bodily existence or a psychological or spiritual quality, especially reason) 3. ID is something that humans possess

Four point of the "introduction" section

1. atonement as victory over forces of sin and evil 2. atonement as satisfaction 3. atonement as a demonstration of god's love 4. atonement as substitution

Original sin

1. everyone is born into a condition of sinfulness as a result of Adams sin 2. sinful nature vs acts of sin: we are sinners by our nature, not just actions

Old-earth creationism- Theologically

A large, chronological gap between Gen 1:1 and 1:2. Allows for the "days" of Gen to be much longer time periods. All species were created by individual acts of divine creation, including Adam and Eve who were historical figures. No human death before the Fall (only plant and animal death)

Arguments for dichotomy

A separation reference cannot always represent another distinct part of a person "Spirit" and "Soul" seem interchangeable at places

Humanity

Adam (vs. Adaman)

Old-earth creationism- Scientifically

Affirms Big Bang origin and argues the Bible does too (ex: IS 42:5= God created heavens and earth stretched them out). Recognizes the fossil record as relatively accurate

atonement as satisfaction depiction

Anselm depicts god as a lord who has been dishonored because of our sin

Apollonarianism

Apollonarius had a very literal interpretation of John 1:14 "the word became flesh", thus the word only took human flesh, and christ didn't have a human mind or soul, logos took that place

Young-earth creationism- Scientifically

Believes in microevolution, gaps in fossil record, fossils within various layers of the earth are a result of the flood, not long period of time. Carbon dating is not accurate because of the flood.

How long did the young-earth creationism take?

Created the world in 6, 24 hour days, less than 10,000 years ago

Which view of human constitution was most widely held throughout christianity?

Dichotomy

Council of Chalcedon

Disputes about christ still arose after Nicea concerning Jesus 2 natures

Council of Nicea focus

Focuses on affirming Jesus' full divinity but is silent about the relationship between Jesus' two natures

The functional view - as the image of God, humans are ____

God's representatives to rule the earth in God's stead.

"Image" (tselm) and "Likeness" (demuwth) = ?

Hebrew paralelism

Three distinctions of Gen 1:26-27

Humanity, male, female

Relational view is described as a ___ relationship between ___

I-Thou; God and humanity, one another

When was trichotomy revived?

In the 19th century by English and German theologians, very prominent in Pentecostal/charismatic churches

anointment as substitution (the substitution)

Jesus became our substitution as the punishment of god was poured out on hum on the cross

atonement as demo of gods love Jesus life and death

Jesus life and death were meant to bridge the chasm created by human fear

Monism believes that there is

No possibility of a future life apart from bodily resurrection

Main point of chalcedon

One person, 2 natures

Macroevolution

One species evolving into another

Who was trichotomy popular with?

Popular with Alexandrian church fathers, but suffered a general decline in popularity after Apollonarius made use of it in christology

Language of Chalcedon

Reaffirmed Nicea and refuted new errors that had arisen since then

Atonement

Reconciliation between God and humans

Microevolution

Small changes within species

The Functional View

The ID is explained by the phrase "let them rule over the fish in the sea". The ID refers to humans functions, specifically exercising dominion over the creation

The Relational View

The ID is explained by the phrase "male and female He created them". Within God there is internal communion [Father-Son-Spirit] and humans reflect that in their ability to have relationships

Three views that are associated with the Imago Dei

The Substantive View, The Relational View, and the Functional View

Harartiology

The doctrine of sin; the fall

Council of Nicea

The full divinity of christ was not officially stated in the church's teaching until the 4th century

Trichotomy

The human consists of three parts (material [body], and 2 immaterial [soul and spirit]). Based on scripture that states three components or separates soul and spirit (1 Thess 5:23 and Her 4:12)

Dichotomy

The human consists of two parts: one that is material [body] and one that is immaterial [soul/spirit]

Council of Nicea language

The language of the Nicean Creed was constructed so that it specifically refuted Arias' ideas about Jesus

Council of Nicea Arius' Position (Arianism)

The son is not fully divine but is of a similar essence as the father, the son was the highest creation of the father "there was a time when the son was not", the son is thus a Demi-god of sorts

Monism

There is no immaterial aspect to humans. Thus, just a body, no such thing as a disembodied soul. The different terms in the Bible are not suggesting separate entities, but are synonymous.

What did John Calvin mean by his idea of accomodation?

This approach focuses on general principles underlying the language of revelation. Since the human mind cannot comprehend God, He must accommodate God-self into human form.

Who theological language was analogy?

Thomas Aquinas

Analogical

To use a word to convey some likeness between two objects, but not assert that they are completely identical

Univocal

To use it in an identical way EX) dog = German shepherd dog/doberman pincher dog

Equivocal

To use the same word in a completely different way

Three views of human constitution

Trichotomy, Dichotomy, Monism

atonement as substitution

an approach that was popular among the reformers (16 century)

Introduction

atonement, in the NT there are several themes related to christ's atonement, historically different theologians chose to emphasize different NT texts, no official doctrine of the atonement approved by church councils or creeds

Eutychianism

believed that the human and divine natures "mixed" to form a 3rd hybrid nature

Nestorianism

believed that the human and divine were two different persons and that they were united through a union of will and mind

regeneration

born again

atonement as victory over forces of evil 2 forms

christus victor and the ransom theory

atonement as demo of gods love demonstration

cross demonstrates the extent of gods love for us and is intended to sway us to love god back

soteriology

doctrine of salvation

ransom theory

explicitly understands Jesus' death as a ransom given to satan/ through sinning satan gained control over humanity/ god wanted to get us back, but would not stoop, god sends Jesus as ransom, but satan is left empty handed after the resurrection

atonement as substitution establishment

god has established certain laws and sin is a violation of those laws, there is punishment for those laws, namely death

atonement as demo of gods love problem

greatest problem threatening peoples relationship with god was their unnecessary fear of god

anthropomorphic

having human characteristics

atonement as satisfaction what humanity has to do

humanity has to restore to god what we have taken and give additional compensation, a god-man is necessary for compensation

atonement as a demo of gods love

initially developed by Peter Abelard (1079-1142) in response to Anselm's view

Young-earth creationism- Theologically

interprets Gen 1 & 2 literally to describe the creation of the universe and formation of life. All species were created by individual acts of divine creation, including Adam and Eve who were historical figures. No death before the fall.

incarnation

literally means "in the flesh"; refers to god taking human form in Jesus

Calvin's basic concern has to decide on the ___ and ___ of the accomodation

nature and extent

Female

neqebah

atonement as satisfaction scripture

no particular scripture, but interpreting it all with in a feudal system framework

hartartiology origin

originated with Adam; Adams sin resulted in a vertical and horizontal break; Adams sin also resulted in death

atonement as satisfaction

originated with Anselm (1033-1109), appears in his book " why god became man"

conversion

the beginning of personal salvation; repentance, faith, regeneration, justification

christology

the branch of Christian theology relating to the person, nature, and role of Christ.

glorification

the completion of our salvation where we will be transformed full into the image of god

atonement as victory over forces of evil

the standard view of the early church until Anselm

christus victor (the victorious christ)

the work of atonement was a battle between god and the powers of evil, through his death and resurrection Jesus won the battle over evil and freed captive humanity

justification

to be justified is to be declared righteous; 1. bc of our sin we stand unrighteous before god 2. standing before god changes from unrighteous to righteous 3. we are justified by faith not works

sanctification

to be sanctified is to be made holy; a process of growth, moving from imperfection to increasing conformity to the image of christ

qualitative extent

total deprevity

repentance

turning from sin

faith

turning to god

quantitative extent

universality of sin

Male

zakara