Theology Unit 8 Crusades
What is the author of Anna Commena's Alexiad
Anna Commena
What did the Jews face during Crusades
Attacked by Crusaders, blamed for "death" of Christ, many committed suicide.
When was the Battle of Manikert
August 26, 1071
Who were the main characters in The Kingdom of Heaven
Balian, Sibylla, Godfrey, Guy, Hospitaler, King Baldwin
Godfrey
Balians long lost father
How did the Knights Templar excel
Banking, worked like an atm or check for pilgrims heading to the east or coming back from the east
What battle kicked off crusades
Battle of Manikert
What was unsuccessful about the crusades for Wetern Europe
Holy land was not captured, did not accomplish militarily, persecutions
Describe Sibylla
King Baldwin sister, married to Guy
What kind of advancements did the Crusades create
military technology, new lands/cultures, academics in Arab world, Greek writings on medicine and math
What is a crusader
soldier for Christ/ the Church
What was indulgence
the remission of temporal punishment due to sins already forgiven by God
What was the purpose of religious figures in Crusades
unified armies bound for holy land and inspired thousands to join second crusades
What was the motivation for the crusades
Act of religious devotion,Those who fought for Christianity would be rewarded by God, Religious indulgences, Reduced taxes and debts, and Protection of families
What was a result of the Fourth Crusade
Constantinople is attacked and conquered
Why were the Military Orders important
Created to protect Holy Land and pilgrims, Emphasized dedication, discipline, and monastic organization, and Bounded by cows of poverty, chaste, and obedience.
Describe Balian
Crusader, son of Godfrey
What was St Bernard of Clairvaux's role
Drained violence from Europe, inspired thousand to join second Crusade
How did Christianity get affected by Crusades
Remained steady/moved forward
What is the author of Letters on the Fall of Jerusalem
Saladin
When and what was the Great Schism
1054. Split West and East
When were the crusades
1096-1492
When was the Fourth Crusade
1202-1204
What rule was the Knights Templar based on
Cistercian rule
What were the threats to the Christian World (11th c.)
Feudalism, Church desired peace and unity, and expansion of Muslim forces onto Christian lands.
What was a result of St Francis trying to convert Sultan
He established friendship with Sultan and showed possibility of peace/coexsistenece
What happened to St Francis of Assisi when he went to convert Sultan
He was captured, beaten, and tortured
How did the Crusades impact relationship between East and West
It caused a negative impact with mistrust, suspicion, fear, and hostility
Describe King Baldwin
King of Jerusalem
Describe Guy
Married to Sibylla, desired to be a King of Jerusalem
What were the Knights Hospitalers
Medical corps for injured crusaders that cared for sick pilgrims
How did the Holy Land fall
Muslim forces seized Christian land and persecuted Christians, especially of pilgrims in Holy Land
What is The Knights Templar
Oldest of military orders that was well known for banking, safeguarded money coming from East, and destroyed King Philip
What is the author of Urban II's call for a Crusade
Pope Urban II
Who called for the first crusade/council of Clermont
Pope Urban II
What is the author of Solomon Bar Samson on the Massacre of the Jews
Solomon Bar Samson
Who went to the Holy Land to covert Sultan
St Francis of Assisi
What was successfully about the Crusades for Western Europe
Stopped Muslims expansion, creates wealth and strength
What happened during the Battle of Manikert
The Byzantine army is destroyed and the Turks pushed to the wall of Constantinople.
Who was the Knights Templar founded by and who was the rule written by
The French; St Bernard
What happened to Jews and Muslims during Crusades
They became victims of tremendous violence
What was the purpose of the Fourth Crusade
To retake Jerusalem
What were the goals of the Crusades
To stop Muslim/Turkish expansion and Reclaim/free Holy Land for safe pilgrimage
What groups did Christians fight against
Turks in Holy Land, Muslims in Spain, and Heretics.
What was a result of the Church desiring peace and unity
Wars, division, and heresy, and The Great Schism
What was the Council of Clermont
When Pope Urban II called council that encouraged Westerners to support Eastern Christians in organized assault in defense of Christian Europe
What was the Reconquista
campaign to drive Muslims from Spain that took 700 years
What is "crux"
cross