Therapeutic Communications Final Study
Which statement would NOT be a roadblock to communication?
"We care about you and your health and understand you are going through a difficult time."
Which of the following is a closed question?
"When you move your foot, does it hurt?"
Which statement is moralizing/lecturing?
"You really ought to have done it this way."
Homepathy practitioners are licensed in ___ states.
3
At what age to infants begin to recognize familiar faces and voices?
3 months
In 2010, nearly $___ was spent by individuals for alternative health care.
34 Billion
What percentage of communication accounts for what is actually being said?
7%
Marijuana
A drug recognized by the DEA as a drug with little or no benefit and high potential for abuse
Cocaine
A drug used medically as an anesthetic to deaden a local area
Amphetamines
A drug used medically to treat short-term fatigue, depression, and narcolepsy
Which scenario illustrates displaced anger?
A man is frustrated from a problem at work and yells at his wife when he gets home.
"That must be frustrating for you."
Acknowledging feelings
An individual from which culture is most likely to visit a TCM practitioner?
American Indian
6-10 year old Children
Are very curious about death and want to plan their own rituals
Based on the belief that if there is a balance and harmony of body, mind, and spirit, then health and the absence of disease will follow
Ayurveda
Anger
Behavior is brought on by frustration, obstacles, or offensive situations.
Aggression
Behavior occurs when there is out-of-control frustration.
Abuse
Behavior that is violent and there is intent to do harm
3-5 year old Children
Believe that death is reversible
What type of depression is associated with risky behaviors, suicidal thoughts, or psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking?
Bipolar disorder
Hallucinogens
Causes mood changes, delusions, increases levels of vital signs
Panic
Characterized by loss of emotional control, irrationality, symptoms related to shock, gasping, possible chest pain, and loss of problem-solving capability.
Life-Threatening Illness
Chronic illness that has progressed to the stage when death is the inevitable result
For which condition is therapeutic touch most appropriate?
Chronic pain
Frustrations
Circumstances that prevent us from doing what we want to do
"When you say that, do you mean. . .?"
Clarifying and validating
Proposed the theory that the body's internal milieu changes constantly to meet the daily demands of life
Claude Bernard
Which characteristic is NOT typical of a person who uses CAM?
Communicative about CAM with their PCP
Which term in NOT one of the five C's of communication?
Competent
Congruency
Consistent with one another
Messages
Content of the communication
A very large predicament; short term
Crisis
Receiver
Decodes
Pressure
Demands of schedule, workload, or expectations, placed on us by ourselves or others
Kolberg:
Described three levels - preconventional, conventional, and postconventional
Conciseness
Does not include unnecessary information
Sender
Encodes
If you find yourself feeling hostile towards your clients, what should you do?
Examine your feelings and discuss them without someone who can help.
Dr. George L. Engel identified which process or stage of working through grief?
Experiencing disbelief and shock over the loss
A PCP might use social media to report laboratory results to a patient.
False
Adolescents experience a loss of self-identity and feelings of belonging-more than any other age level.
False
After individuals go through medical detoxification, they will no longer need treatment.
False
All 50 states mandate the reporting of IPV.
False
Alternative health care is usually covered by most insurance plans.
False
Alternative, complementary, or integrative medicine are all similar in education, training, and licensure requirements.
False
An experienced health professional can move a dying client out of denial.
False
Annoyance is a chronic form of anger that is long lasting.
False
As health care professionals it is appropriate to moralize and scold clients for their behavior as long as it is done gently and with compassion.
False
As health professionals, it is unrealistic to continue with clients who fail or drop out of treatment.
False
Because of the time and responsibility of characteristic activities of older adult clients, they experience more stress-related complaints than other age groups.
False
Both Western medicine and CAM practices are based on scientific knowledge and research.
False
Child abuse is more under-reported than the abuse of older adults.
False
Clients with life-altering diseases get angry with themselves rather than project their anger to others.
False
Control is a critical factor in the helping interview. Even the use of the word client implies superior/inferior, higher/lower, and more-knowledge/less-knowledge.
False
Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross learned through her research there is a logical order to the stages a person experiences when dying.
False
During the orientation phase of the helping interview, it is best for the client to be standing when the health professional is seated.
False
Examples of acute illnesses include arthritis and fibromyalgia.
False
Fear and anxiety are reactions to known and usually external threats.
False
Federal law mandates that all medical facilities must inform their clients of the Patient Self-Determination Act.
False
Finger tapping commonly indicates indifference.
False
Health professionals should try to communicate acceptance of the abuser's feelings and the violent act.
False
Homeopathy can be used to treat an asthma attack.
False
If a client is experiencing severe anxiety, the health professional should focus on giving the client one detail at a time and say 'you seem very anxious today.'
False
If health professionals are asked questions by adolescents, it is a good idea to moralize as this helps adolescents learn and understand how to live morally as adults.
False
In Western Culture, 4 to 12 feet is considered public space whereas personal space is 1 1/2 to 4 feet.
False
In caring for infants, health professionals need to be especially aware of their own feelings toward aging parents or growing older.
False
It is easier for clients to work through their grief when the relationship has already experienced conflict and ambivalence.
False
It is particularly important to give rewards to adolescents.
False
Listening with a 'third ear' means to listen with your ears and your eyes.
False
Men are nearly twice as likely to experience depression as women.
False
Middle-aged adults experience more hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, and hearing and vision impairments than any other age level.
False
Most suicides occur without warning
False
Naturopathic doctors are currently licensed in all 50 states.
False
Older adults experience fewer chronic illnesses than acute illnesses.
False
One of the greatest barriers to listening occurs when receivers misinterpret the message.
False
Professional health care employees who work with chronically ill clients or those who have life-threatening illnesses should always keep their emotions distant from their clients.
False
Rape is a sexual act and one of violence.
False
Rubbing the nose usually indicates deception.
False
Stress is always described as negative and unhealthy.
False
Substance abuse and addiction are referred to as substance abuse disorders.
False
The Ayurvedic practice of medicine comes from ancient China.
False
There are 3 major tests used to diagnosis depression.
False
When a client is angry, it is natural and appropriate for health professionals to take the client's comments personally and act accordingly.
False
When clients are dying, health professionals should allow families to make decisions whenever possible.
False
When medication administration is entrusted to family members, they can determine the dosage with each administration.
False
When meeting clients for the first time, it is best to address them informally by their first names to lessen their anxiety.
False
When working with clients who have addictions, it is realistic for health professionals to think they can 'fix it'.
False
Distrust
Fear that focuses on a person or object, and disappear when the person or object is gone.
Older Adults
Fear the loss of independence
Choose the correct priority of need fulfillment according to Maslow.
Food, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization
Clustering
Group of gestures, facial expressions, and postures
Proposed the theory that is named General Adaption Syndrome
Hans Selye
Adolescents
Have a fascination and fear about dying
A belief that healing takes place when miniscule amounts of certain substances are able to leave an imprint in the body, stimulate the immune system, and help facilitate a cure
Homepathy
Displacement
Hostility directed toward something or someone other than the cause of the frustration
Chronic Illness
Illness in which symptoms linger over period of time, gradually debilitating the client
Life-Altering Illness
Illness that affects or limits the quality if life of an individual, and creates feelings of powerlessness and lack of control
Acute Illness
Illness that is considered an inconvenience and does not normally result in life changes
Conflicts
Incompatibility between two important things or objectives equally important to us
Hatred
Intense anger directed toward a particular person or people
For adolescents, which statement is particularly relevant?
It is important to set limits that are fair and consistent.
Which statement about marijuana is true?
It may result in lethargy, hunger, agitation, and respiratory problems.
Infants
Know that there is a loss only if they are not fed, clothed, and loved
Which theorist used moral dilemmas to determine which stage of moral reasoning a person uses?
Kohlberg
According to Freud, the school age child (7-11) is in which stage:
Latent stage
Cohesiveness
Logical and in order
Which statement about child abuse is true?
Many children think the abuse is normal and the result of their wrong-doing.
Therapies based on the belief that the mind and body are equally significant medically
Mind/Body Therapies
Which type of practitioner is mose likely to believe that the mind and body are equally significant medically?
Naturopath (ND)
Based on 'natural' and nontoxic medicine, nutritional supplements, and physical modifications in breathing and posture
Naturopathy
Terror
Occurs when an individual is overwhelmed with a feeling of impending danger.
A state of fear
Panic
Women
Perceived as needing the support of others to deal with death
No easy solution
Predicament
Has a solution
Problem
Paranoia
Psychosis of fear that is related to a feeling of being victimized
Which statement about rape is true?
Rapists are generally identified in one of three categories: angry, power, and sadistic.
"So you think milk and cheese cause gas for you?"
Reflecting and paraphrasing
Which term refers to a chronic form of anger that is long lasting?
Resentment
Maslow believes that humans have the ultimate need to be all they can be - realize and fulfill one's own potential - which he labeled:
Self-Actualization
Adults
Sense that loss poses a threat to their pattern on living
According to Piaget, the infant is in which stage of intellectual development?
Sensorimotor
"Your hands are shaking."
Sharing observation
The client says "I cannot control my disease!" The health professional responds, "How is your mother doing?" This is an example of what roadblock?
Shifting
A numbed or dazed condition
Shock
Individuals experience frustration, anger that turns inward, and hostility
Stage #1 of Suicide
Individuals' stress levels become unbearable and they panic
Stage #2 of Suicide
Individuals communicate their helplessness to someone else
Stage #3 of Suicide
Individuals begin to plan to carry out the suicide.
Stage #4 of Suicide
Which statement about major depression disorder with peripartum onset (PPND) is true?
Stress seems to be one of the contributing factors
Which type of practitioner is likely to use moxibustion as a treatment option?
TCM
How can heath professionals help clients who have a life-threatening illness and/or are dying?
Take care of themselves so they can help their clients
How does the body respond when the parasympathetic nervous system becomes active during the stress cycle?
The body returns to normal.
Dread
The fear usually experienced prior to an event
Which statistic about suicide is true?
The highest rate is for adults 85 years of age or older.
How do insurers gain when clients opt for CAM?
The insurance company pays out less dollars and creates more profit.
Which statement about major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern disorder is true?
The treatment of choice for major depressive disorder is light therapy or phototherapy.
_____ is often synonymous with reassurance, understanding, and caring, but helping professionals must be sensitive to a client's level of acceptance to it.
Touching
An ancient modality referring to the five elements of fire, earth, metal, water, and wood
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
'Modeling' can occur when we are in a situation that we are uncertain of what is expected of us.
True
'Tell me about a typical day with your baby.' is an example of an indirect statement.
True
A PCP might use social media to remind everyone to get a flu shot.
True
A person's age will in part determine how one reacts to grief.
True
About half the adults who are depressed believe their depression is a personal weakness and are too embarrassed to seek help.
True
According to Maslow, a person who is hungry and cold is not ready (or able) to strive for meeting needs related to love and belonging.
True
According to the NIMH, 20-25% of the the US adult population may experience a major depressive episode during their lifetime.
True
Anticipatory Grief simplifies the grieving process later.
True
As individuals continue to drink alcohol, there is an increase in their ability to tolerate alcohol.
True
Bullying can lead to depression and increases the risk of suicide in children and adolscents.
True
Calling in sick for an alcoholic spouse who is hung over is an example of codependency.
True
Children know instantly if you are insecure.
True
Children who have been physically abused may exhibit aggressive behavior and regress to an earlier state of development.
True
Health professionals must strive for an unbiased approach and see their role as one of helping clients choose recovery.
True
Hope should always be maintained with clients who have life-altering illnesses.
True
If conflict escalates beyond the angry state, clients may become aggressive and/or verbally abusive.
True
If health professionals need to give instructions to a client while he or she in the exhaustion phase of the stress cycle, the instructions should be written.
True
In the helping interview, during resolution, allow time for the client to think about what has just been said to formulate any questions.
True
In the helping interview, genuineness means that there will be congruency between the verbal and nonverbal messages.
True
Individuals who have been abused typically have few defense mechanisms for coming with anxiety and stress.
True
Inhalants are unstable and unpredictable chemical substances found in household items.
True
It is advisable to make 'small talk' when leading the client from the reception area to the exam room.
True
Many clients turn to CAM because they believe their PCP is more interested in providing a 'quick fix' for an ailment than in spending time getting to the root of the problem.
True
Men and women react differently to stress.
True
Of the more than 4.5 million Americans with Alzheimer's disease, half may show aggressive behaviors.
True
Older adults are more successful in suicide attempts than are younger people.
True
Persistent depressive disorder previously known as dysthmia is a less severe form of minor depression.
True
Physically, adult clients are quite healthy.
True
Self-assessment helps us determine who we are as seen by ourselves and by others.
True
The 4 types of abuse are intimate partner violence, child abuse, abuse of older adults, and rape.
True
The basic personality of clients with life-altering illnesses may be changed significantly, depending on their psychological experiences.
True
The latter phase of a life-altering illness is called life-threatening.
True
The majority of acute illnesses do not result in life changes.
True
The use of the term life-threatening allows for a place of hope and empowers a person to a higher degree of control over their grief and dying.
True
The vicious cycle that addicted individuals go through begins with excessive use of a drug, followed by disapproval, self-recrimination, guilt, rationalization, denial, and continued excessive use of a drug.
True
The way individuals spend their younger years generally predicts how they will spend their elder years.
True
Therapeutic touch in the use of treatment of illness is based on the premise that illness occurs when a person's energy field is out of balance.
True
To help decrease stress in toddlers, provide consistency and praise for accomplishments and talk at their level of understanding.
True
Unconditioned responses occur without prior training.
True
When working with clients who are dying, health professionals should deal with the present, here and now.
True
Younger adults may actually be living in an extended psychological adolescent period.
True
Your personal appearance and the appearance of the medical facility are vital keys in the helping interview.
True
Sedatives
Used medically in the treatment of certain stress disorders, relief of insomnia and pain
Opioids
Used to medically treat pain, curb nausea, vomiting, suppress cough reflex
Which substance is NOT an opioid?
Valium
Feedback
Verify perception
Proposed the theory that the body adjusts when change threatens to be too great
Walter B. Cannon
Belief that disease results from bacterial and viral attack on the body
Western Medicine
Nicotine is
a chronic and relapsing addiction that often results in serious illness
The phases of violence include all of the following EXCEPT
a resolution phase
Setting limits is especially appropriate when clients experience
aggression.
Defense mechanisms are
an attempt to protect oneself by blocking an emotionally painful experience.
Initially, a client processing a serious diagnosis is likely to feel
anger
An individual will have which response during the fight-or-flight stage of stress?
anger and frustration
Medications prescribed for terminally ill clients usually include
antidepressants
Older adults (65+)
appreciate making their own decisions on health care
Bipolar 1 disorder is classified as experiencing
at least one manic episode with or without previous episodes of depression
In reporting and documenting IPV, health professionals need to
bag, label, safely preserve, and protect any evidence collected.
When a client is dying, a health care professional should
be careful not to impose their own cultural values on their clients
Men tend to react to stress by
becoming physically or verbally aggressive.
Effective team communication is
built on trust.
Becoming skilled in professional interactions requires
caring about the client.
It has been said that the greatest grief comes from the loss of a
child
In levels of need, if the client seems panicked, it means that the
client will not be able to listen
In order to have a positive self-acceptance, we must have
congruency among our three selves
Use of defense mechanisms can be attributed to:
coping with or survival of a situation, providing time to adjust and accept a problem, and helping an individual block an emotionally painful expereince
Western medicine is based on the premise that
disease results from bacterial and viral attack on the body
Clients with life-threatening illnesses
fear the symptoms of the illness more than death itself
A rape kit commonly includes materials for collecting all of the following EXCEPT
fingerprints
In the helping interview, the person needing help typically feels
frightened or embarrassed
Defense Mechanism
has been defined as behavior that is used to protect the ego from guilt, anxiety, or loss of esteem.
Chronic illnesses
have a significant impact on client's lives
Research has shown that _____ is a significant factor in worsening the health of individuals addicted to a substance.
having no medical insurance
When clients provide advanced directive that specifies that no heroic measures be taken, the professional should
honor the directive and respect the clients' wishes as much as possible
One characteristic of empathy is that it
identifies with the client and feels what he or she is feeling
Defense mechanisms are considered unhealthy when:
inappropriate behaviors are developed in later developmental stages AND through use of them the problem is never fully resolved
Erickson's trust vs mistrust stage includes what age group?
infants
Very rapid growth and development occurs in which age group?
infants
Stressors are
internal perceptions or external events that cause the body to respond.
Oregon's law addressing those who are dying
is an assisted death law
Erikson:
is the formost proponent of ego psychology, broadened Freud's approach adding cultural and social factors as influence, and identified eight psychosocial crises
Of the following, probably the most significant loss grieved by clients with life-altering illness is their
lifestyle
The primary sensory skill involved in verbal communication is
listening
Major depression
makes normal day-to-day activities difficult
An example of a drug used recreationally that has no medical use is
mescaline
Appropriate therapeutic responses to angry, aggressive, or abusive clients include
objectivity
The alarm stage of stress is characterized by
pain.
Addiction is defined as
physiological or psychological dependence on a substance that is beyond voluntary control
Skinner believed that behavior followed by a pleasant reward or stimulus is known as:
positive reinforcement
In caring for the adult client, the therapeutic response includes all of the following EXCEPT for
preparing them to transfer to a physician who cares for the older adult
Alcohol
produces a temporary feeling of well-being
The term 'defense mechanism' has been defined as behavior that is used to:
protect the ego from guilt, anxiety, or loss of esteem
Hospice is used for clients who are in the final stages of their life-threatening illness to
provide palliative care and supportive services
The goals of effective listening include all of the following EXCEPT
providing a response that offers a solution
Individuals who receive news that their illness is life-threatening
realize that death may be imminent
Substance abuse manifests impairment by
recurrent use that results in failure to fulfill major obligations at work, school, and/or home.
Palliative care
relieves or alleviates symptoms without curing
The therapeutic response to adolescents coming into the medical clinic should include
respecting their privacy needs and respect for modesty
All of the following are particularly important therapeutic responses for the older adult EXCEPT
setting fair and consistent limits
Use of _________ can help parents communicate more effectively with their infants.
sign language
Unresolved grief can cause
stress-related medical diseases
Therapeutic communication involves both professional and _____ skills.
technical
Personal space refers to
the distance at which we are comfortable with others
A diagnosis of minor depression involves having depressed mood and/or loss of interest in things normally enjoyed for at least
two weeks lasting most of the day and occurring nearly ever day
An angry client is most likely to
use profanity
Characteristics of the exhaustion stage in the stress cycle include
weakened blood vessels.
Individuals with an addiction
who follow a 12-step program and are active in AA/NA meetings have a 50% greater chance at success in recovery.