TKAM Part 2 Discussion Questions
Do you find Scout's reaction to meeting Boo believable? Why or why not? (Chapter 29)
All Scout can say is, "Hey, Boo" (Lee, 275). When Scout finally discovers that she is standing in the presence of Boo Radley, she immediately runs over to Jem's bedside and attempts to hide out of embarrassment. Scout is utterly astonished at being in the room with Boo Radley but does not fear him. Yes, it is because when you want to see someone for so long and finally you get to see them, but that was the person that just saved yourself, it gives you a happy and shocked feeling. Overall, Scout is both astonished and pleased to meet the man who saved her life. Scout's perception of Boo has changed dramatically from the beginning of the novel, which reflects her maturity and moral development. Scout ends up walking Boo Radley home and stands on his porch to view Maycomb from his perspective.
Why does Atticus ask Tom about previously being in trouble with the law? (Chapter 19)
Atticus asks Tom about previously being in trouble with the law to show that he is breaking the laws because he doesn't have money, so he couldn't pay the fine. This also shows how honest Tom is to the lawyers. It was also to show that the money situation in Maycomb gets people out of jail which in this case Atticus is trying to say that people who do crimes can get out of jail with a fine. For Tom, he didn't have money, so he had to be in jail
How does Lee create a sense of mystery during the attack on the children? (Hint: Think about point of view.) (Chapter 30)
Atticus doesn't realize that Boo killed him, and he thinks it would be wrong for him to walk around town knowing that "Jem" killed him, when the rest of the town thinks otherwise. He wants it to be a fair trial if Jem did kill him.
What does Atticus' refusal to avoid a trial for Jem show about his character? (Chapter 30)
Atticus is a very rules oriented person. He will not accept a lie, even if it involves his kids. In the end Heck Tate is able to convince Atticus that a trial would do nobody any good. A trial would hurt Jem and certainly destroy Boo, the man who saved his kids. Atticus finally concedes that, in this case, the truth would do too much harm.
Why does Atticus ask Tom to stand up? (Chapter 18)
The reason Atticus asked Tom to stand up was so Mayella can clearly identify him as the person who physically assaulted her. However, another key reason that Atticus asks Tom Robinson to stand up is so that everyone is the court room can see that Tom has a crippled left arm, giving much contradictory to the statement of both Bob and Mayella saying that Tom is the one who raped Mayella. Tom's left arm being crippled acts as strong evidence against Bob's and Mayella's statement. This is when Scout noticed that Tom's "left arm was fully twelve inches shorter than his right, and hung dead at his side." (Lee, 187) Atticus also wanted to give Mayella a chance to tell the truth. This was also a chance for Harper Lee to explain to the readers why Tom isn't the criminal.
What is the significance of Scout's guiding Arthur Radley through the house and then to his own home? (Chapter 31)
Crawford was watching from her upstairs window, she would see Arthur Radley escorting me down the sidewalk, as any gentleman would do. (ch 31) Scout makes it look like he is leading her, rather than she is leading him. That way if anyone happens to see them, Boo Radley will not seem vulnerable and it will not be obvious she is taking the shy man home. This demonstrates Scout's maturity and ability to empathize. Difficult as it was for her in the beginning, Scout has learned how to walk inside another's skin.
Why did Dill really run away? How does Lee use Dill's explanation to create sympathy for him? (Chapter 14)
Dill tells Scout and Jem that he ran away because his mother and step father are not paying enough attention to him. Lee uses Dill;s explanation to create sympathy for him by having readers see that he is not being appreciated and/or loved as he should or as Scout and Jem are loved by their father and Calpurnia
What is the symbolism of Scout's reference to Arthur Radley's feathery hair? (Chapter 29)
His hair was dead and thin, almost feathery on the top of his head. (270) Why "feathery"? Because Arthur Radley is yet another "mockingbird" that it would be a sin to "kill." Except in defense of Jem and Scout, Arthur Radley has never done anything to harm anyone. In fact, if we review his actions in the book, they have all been for the good of his neighbors. In regards to Jem and Scout, the treasures hidden in the tree and the blanket around Scout's shoulders immediately come to mind. By the end of the novel, both Jem and Scout know that to expose Arthur Radley would be to "kill" that symbolic "mockingbird."
Which character learns the most about human nature in this chapter? (Chapter 30)
I think that ironically Atticus learns the most about what is best for humanity in this chapter. Atticus learns that the law actually has limitations. He learns that life is messy and sometimes allowances with the truth need to be made. Mr. Ewell was responsible for Tom's death, and the sheriff urges Atticus to "let the dead bury the dead."
What is Lee's purpose for the allusion to the WPA and the Ladies' Law? What do they signify? (Chapter 27)
Lee's purpose of the allusion to show the irony in the WPA and Ladies Law's purpose. The WPA was set up to find jobs for people due of the depression and lack of jobs. The since the WPA helped people find jobs they rarely fired anyone. Although they ended up firing Bob Ewell due to his laziness. The Ladies Law was designed to protect women from the indignities of life. Even though Bob pestered Helen Robinson in some of the worst ways although they wouldn't help her. The Ladies Law was not intended for colored women.
Briefly describe the atmosphere in town the day of the trial. What clues does Lee give the reader about the atmosphere? (Chapter 16)
On the day of the trial, everyone wanted to get to the courtroom and see the case unravel. Scouts describe it as "a gala occasion." (Lee, 160) People dressed up in more formal outfits than normal. Everyone one was excited and had picnics outside of the courtroom. The readers can see that when the people dress up it shows that this trial is something important. The atmosphere is exciting and joyful, but as well as despair and fear.
How does Scout realize that Aunt Alexandra really does love her and accept her for who she is? (Chapter 28)
Scout arrives home. Aunt Alexandra calls Dr. Reynolds and Atticus calls Heck Tate, the sheriff. Alexandra removes Scout's costume and hands her Scout's infamous, un-ladylike overalls to put on. Scout says she will never forget that gesture.
Do you believe Heck's story about how he acquired the switchblade? Explain. (Chapter 30)
Tate says he got it from a drunk man. Interestingly, Bob Ewell is found dead lying on top of a kitchen knife. He has it because if there are two knives at the scene, then they will know that there were more than one person involved. Boo had the kitchen knife and Ewell had the switchblade. . Tate wanted to cover up the fact that Boo Radley saved the children so he removed Bob's switchblade from the scene and said Ewell fell on his own knife.
What mood is created in the final two or three pages of To Kill a Mockingbird? How does Lee create this mood? (Chapter 31)
The end of the book, when Bob Ewell attacks Scout and Jem, contains some humorous references to Scout's school pageant and her enormous ham costume, but the attack is described in a frightening and dramatic tone. After Bob Ewell is killed, the tone remains serious, more melancholic than nostalgic, as Scout and Jem have learned difficult truths about the world. The room when Atticus is reading the Grey Ghost is a reassuring feeling. At first the ghost was scary, but when the ghost shows itself, he is as shy and scared like a child.
What is the symbolism of the courthouse lights in the following passage? "This time Judge Taylor's gavel came down with a bang, and as it did the overhead lights went on in the courtroom." (p. 194) (Chapter 19)
The overhead lights were a symbol representing the truth being unraveled. The wrong testimonies are being cleared up. Tom Robinson explained that Mayella did something that no one thought a white person would do to a colored man. She kissed Tom Robinson on the "'side of the' face." (Lee, 194)
What can the reader infer from Atticus' emphasis on the location of Mayella's injuries and Bob Ewell's dominant hand? (Chapter 17)
The reader can infer that Bob Ewell was the person who beat Mayella Ewell, not Tom Robinson. Atticus asked Bob Ewell to write his name while Bob Ewell was on the witness stand. From this he concluded that it was Bob Ewell who hit his daughter. The reason is Bob is left-headered and it would be easier for a person to hit Mayella on the right side of her face. It couldn't be Tom Robinson, because his left hand was lost from a cotton gin accident, which concludes that Bob is the person who caused the crime.
Why do you think Miss Maudie and Aunt Alexandra make such an effort to hide how upset they are from the other ladies?
" Aunt Alexandra displays her beliefs much more publicly. She's active in the Missionary Society, which appears to be as much a social club as a religious organization. Tolerance isn't a big part of the Missionary Society meetings, either. The ladies' lamentations over the living conditions of the Mrunas, an African tribe, leads to a discussion about how ungrateful the women believe Maycomb's African American community to be. Miss Maudie is the person who ends that line of conversation with two sentences. Aunt Alexandra may not always agree with the course of discussion, but she refuses to be confrontational outside of her own family.
The missionary society is supposed to be about charity and Christianity, but what else is going on in these meetings? (Chapter 24)
While the Missionary Society meeting is supposed to be about J. Grimes Everett and his missionary work in Africa, the ladies end up talking about their dissatisfaction with their African American servants. Their prejudiced views toward African Americans and toward Atticus for defending Tom appear clearly. The irony of the way the women of the Missionary Society feel about the members of the African Mruna tribe is that they show deep compassion for dark-skinned people who live on the other side of the world but almost no concern for their dark-skinned neighbors who live in Maycomb. This was a los the chapter that Tom Robinson was shot dead while trying to escape jail.
Why do you think Atticus waits a year to reveal that he knew it was the kids in Mr. Radley's garden that night? (Chapter 26)
""You aren't starting that again, are you?" said Atticus one night, when I expressed a stray desire just to have one good look at Boo Radley before I died. "If you are, I'll tell you right now: stop it. I'm too old to go chasing you off the Radley property. Besides, it's dangerous. You might get shot. You know Mr. Nathan shoots at every shadow he sees, even shadows that leave size-four bare footprints. You were lucky not to be killed." I hushed then and there. At the same time I marveled at Atticus. This was the first he had let us know he knew a lot more about something than we thought he knew. And it had happened years ago. No, only last summer—no, summer before last, when... time was playing tricks on me. I must remember to ask Jem. The reason why is because he wants the kids to understand that nothing gets passed him and iut's the conscience that eats people up.
What does Scout mean when she says, "Autumn again, and Boo's children needed him?" (p. 279) (Chapter 31)
"Boo's children needed him" refers to this particular autumn, in which Scout and Jem needed Boo's help because they were being attacked by Mr. Ewell after the Halloween pageant. At this point, Boo saves their lives. Scout notes that after walking Boo home, she never sees him again, and she also reflects that just standing on his porch is "enough" to walk in his shoes. (Is it?) There is a sense of sadness to all of this as a chapter of Scout's childhood closes.
What is the implication of Mr. Gilmer calling Tom a boy? Why is Dill the one who gets upset by these references? (Chapter 19)
"Boy" is usually symbolized as a disrespectful term to call an adult a boy. This is shown that Mr. Gilmer, a white man, is better than Tom, a black man. DIll gets upset because he understands from all the evidence that Tom was the good person. Tom was just helping Mayella, and Mayella was the one who "hurt" Tom. Tom should've gotten thanked by Mayella, but it went against him.
When describing her thoughts aboout Underwood's editorial, how does Scout show that she has not lost all of her childhood innocence, but is beginning to understand the implications of racism? (Chapter 25)
"How could this be so, I wondered, as I read Mr. Underwood's editorial. Senseless killing—Tom had been given due process of law to the day of his death; he had been tried openly and convicted by twelve good men and true; my father had fought for him all the way. Then Mr. Underwood's meaning became clear: Atticus had used every tool available to free men to save Tom Robinson, but in the secret courts of men's hearts Atticus had no case. Tom was a dead man the minute Mayella Ewell opened her mouth and screamed." Tom Robinson never stood a chance
What reasons does Miss Gates offer as to why The United States is superior to Nazi Germany? Why is Scout so confused by Miss Gates' reaction to Hitler and the Nazi Party? (Chapter 26)
"Over here we don't believe in persecuting anybody. Persecution comes from people who are prejudiced. There are no better people in the world than the Jews, and why Hitler doesn't think so is a mystery to me" Miss Gates obviously has no prejudice against the Jews, and has trouble understanding why anyone would. Yet Scout overhears Miss Gates tell Miss Crawford that the blacks are "getting way above themselves," and she's worried that they'll begin to start marrying whites. This is the same type of fear that Hitler advanced in his own speeches, and Scout is rightly perplexed as to why Miss Gates can have two very different views. She is so kind and sympathetic to the Jews, but here to the black people is hating on them. This chapter is yet another illustration of the hypocrisy and racism that exist within Maycomb, and we are reminded of how silly some of the arbitrary rules are that grown-ups have constructed when we see those rules through the eyes of Scout, who is too young to really understand the complexity of prejudice.
Atticus and Aunt Alexandra have very different views regarding social class. Explain these differences and what does this reveal about their true character? Support your answer with text evidence.
Although siblings, Atticus and Aunt Alexandra have very different views about the social classes even just among the white individuals in Maycomb. Aunt Alexandra works hard to be the best version of a "woman." She is conscious about social class, unwritten society rules, and cares about what people think. When Aunt Alexandra said "put my bag in the front bedroom, Calpurnia." (Lee, 127) it showed that she was expecting for a colored woman to do as she says all the time. Her sibling Atticus is a person that looks at the best version of everyone. He doesn't care about a person's social class or race. He gives everyone a chance to be the best version of themselves. ". The one place where a man ought to get a square deal is in a courtroom, be he any color of the rainbow, but people have a way of carrying their resentments right into a jury box." (Lee, 220) This shows that Atticus is saying that all men were born equal, but it doesn't mean they would be treated each. He does believe in equality for all people, or rainbow, and he would treat them all the same no matter what color.She always strives to be the best version of herself to fit into society and denies Scout of bringing Walter home by saying, "'Jean Louise, there is no doubt in my mind that they're good folks. But they're not our kind of folks.'" (Lee 227). As can be seen, there is a clear distinction among the siblings, which is even more prominent when it comes to black individuals, to whom Aunt Alexandra is quite prejudice against while Atticus is welcoming and kind-
How does Lee use humor to show that she does not approve of using family heritage as a way to judge people? How is this significant to the character of Aunt Alexandra? (Chapter 13)
As Aunt Alexandra is going about comparing people and their ways of life to their family heritage, Lee uses humor to show that she does not approve of using family heritage as a way to judge people by having Aunt Alexandra introduce the idea of the Finch's being "fine folk", only to have Jem bring up Cousin Joshua soon after. Moreover, dry humor is brought to play when Jem references the Ewells as fine folk, based in Aunt Alexandra's perception of fine folk, because of the fact that the Ewells have lived on the same plot of Earth for three generations. In addition, by linking individual's behaviors to their family heritage such as "Miss Maudie Atkinson's shoulder stoops because she was a Buford" (Lee 132)., readers are able to see that Aunt Alexandra's character is one that distinguishes people based on untrue and old perspective viewpoints. Her continuous spree of grouping people and their actions to their family heritage signifies a sense of discrimination in her character.
Why does Scout imagine that it is different times and seasons when she stands on Boo Radley's porch? What is the point of this imagining? (Chapter 31)
As she looks, Scout recalls the past and runs through all the seasons of the year. She imagines what Boo saw, picturing him watching the neighbors and especially watching her and Jem and Atticus. For the first time, she is able to see the world through his eyes. In this portion of the novel, Scout begins to grow up. She overcomes her prejudice against Boo Radley because she is able to see him as a real human being and as a real neighbor. She does what much of the white population of Maycomb couldn't do with Tom Robinson, which is stand in another person's shoes and learn to know him. Atticus's final lines, that most people are nice when you finally see them for who they are, underscores Scout's maturation process from a child who was irrationally afraid of Boo to an adult capable of seeing Boo as a human being.
Compare Jem's and Scout's attitudes at the end of this chapter regarding the progress of the trial. What do their attitudes tell the reader about their understanding of race relations in Maycomb? (Chapter 17)
At the end of the chapter, Jem was excited. The reader can tell this because he says that "[they] got him." (Lee, 178) Jem doesn't really put onto perspective the racial aspect to this trail and thinks that the truth will prevail over all false allegation, allowing Tom Robinson to be set free from any consequences. On the other hand, Scout was still trying to understand the situation and see both sides of the situation. Scout doesn't agree that if her face was beaten mostly on the right a left handed person most likely did it. At the same time, she explains that Tom Robinson could also be left-handed without knowing that his left hand doesn't work anymore because of the cotton gin incident. Scout feels that isn't enough to declare the case a win for Atticus because she feels there needs to be more information and more evidence to support Tom Robinson because he is a colored man. This shows that Scout has a better understanding than Jem about how race plays an important role in the trial system in Maycomb County.
When discussing the incident involving Bob Ewell in front of the post office, Atticus has an unusual response. Discuss his response and what is the result. Support your answer with text evidence. (Chapter 23)
Atticus is stating that the Ewells were basically lying and trying to cover up one lie but contradicting the other ones in court. Atticus explains to the children that he wanted to take the frustration of Mayella kissing Tom Robinson on someone, so he told everyone that Tom physically abused Mayella. Now Bob Ewells is mad that he was humiliated by Atticus in the court even though he won the case, he wanted to take that frustration on someone else. Atticus says that "if spitting in my face and threatening me saved Mayella Ewell one extra beating, that's something I'll gladly take." (Lee, 218) The response from AUnt Alexandra was different. She told Atticus that "[there is nothing] to fear from Bob Ewell." (Lee, 218) It shows that she thinks that Bob Ewell has his way of getting revenge in the chapter after this one.
Why does Aunt Alexandra get upset with Atticus for talking about Mr. Underwood in front of Calpurnia? What does this show about Aunt Alexandra's character? (Chapter 16)
Aunt Alexandra doesn't want Calpurnia to make up rumors with other people. This shows that Aunt Alexandra doesn't know Calpurnia because if she knew, she would've known Aunt Alexandra is a person that likes to gossip, but she doesn't like to be a part of the gossip.
Briefly describe Scout's relationship with Aunt Alexandra at this point in the story. (Chapter 27)
Aunt Alexandra thinks that these events (Ewell's threats) bode poorly for Atticus, as she is convinced that Ewell's threat after the trial carries more weight than Atticus is willing to believe. Scout is beginning to see Aunt Alexandra in a better light. Aunt Alexandra's support for her brother goes beyond her shortcomings as a person.
What can the reader infer from Scout's question about Boo Radley running away and Dill's response? (Chapter 14)
Based on Scout's question about Boo Radley running away and Dill's response, readers can infer that Dill and Boo Radley are both facing similar situations. Both characters have a desire for being loved and see the Finches as their comfort. However, Dill's response to Scout shows that unlike him Boo Radley doesn't have a place to go, causing readers to infer that possibly later on in the novel, Boo Radley will interact with the Finches.
What is the irony about Bob Ewell's response to Mr. Gilmer's question about being ambidextrous? (Chapter 17)
Bob Ewell says that he "is most positively [is] not, [he] can use one hand good as the other. One hand [is as] good as the other." (Lee, 178) It is obvious he doesn't know what the word ambidextrous means because he keeps contradicting himself. He first says he can't use the right hand, but then says he can use both hands. This shows the readers that Bob Ewell most likely does not know way ambidextrous means and very well is.
What is the significance of Bob Ewell's legal name? (Chapter 17)
Bob Ewell's legal name is Robert E. Lee. Harper Lee used this allusion to show the racism in Bob Ewell's heart. In the past General Robert E. Lee was known to be cruel to slaves. He was a confederate general who fought against the Union, who lost. This foreshadows the tragic outcomes of Bob Ewell's life
Explain how Attitcus Finch and Dolphus Raymond share similar views. Support your answers with text evidence. (Chapter 20-24)
Both Atticus Finch and Dolphus Raymond share similar views in the way they view black individuals. Both men view black individuals as an equal and do not see themselves as superior to blacks. Although both men are fair and equal towards black men, they also have a common understanding that the majority of Maycomb's white population believes in white superiority and see black individuals as much less. Atticus tells Scout, "'As you grow older, you'll see white men cheat black men every day of your life, but let me tell you something and don't you forget it— whenever a white man does that to a black man, no matter who he is, how rich he is, or how fine a family he comes from, that white man is trash.'" (Lee 224). This shows Atticus' view on those who disgrace colored folks. He literally compares them to trash. Similarly, when Dill is crying, Dolphus Raymond tells him "'Cry about the hell white people give colored folks, without even stopping to think that they're people, too.'" (Lee 205). As can be seen by both statements by both gentlemen, they share common views on white individuals who treat black individuals unfairly. Overall, both men are kind-hearted individuals who see everyone as equal.
Atticus states, "Don't fool yourselves - it's all adding up and one of these days wer're going to pay the bill for it." Explain what Atticus means by this statement.
By his stammer of "Don't fool yourselves - it's all adding up and one of these days we're going to pay the bill for it.", Atticus is referring to all the injustice and prejudice white people show towards black individuals, and ho, one day, all this hatred of theirs will come back to them just the same. Atticus and Jem were talking about the Tom Robinson case. Jem is mad that even though Atticus gave so much evidence, Tom Robinson was still guilty. Atticus is explaining to Jem that for hundreds of year colored folks were counted as slaves and were treated horribly, but people, one day, would pay the price for it. Since this book is in 1935, the Civil War had already happened with the South paying the price for losing the war. Atticus is telling Jem that every action has its consequences. It won't take long for the racist people to pay the price. This unfairness won't stay forever, it only takes time. Atticus is implying towards karma in this statement. He is saying that there is a price to pay for every negative act done, and even though it may not see like it now, all the white folks who constantly torment the black individuals will face cruel consequences when the time is right. All their bad karma will add up and come back to haunt them.
By talking to Walter Cunningham as she did, what lesson does Scout show Atticus that she has learned? (Chapter 15)
By taking to Walter Cunningham, Scout shows Atticus that she has matured and learned the humanity beneath hatred in everyone. She shows Atticus that she can find what is common between two people and strike a friendly conversation. By doing so, Scout not only shows Atticus, but Walter as well, that people do things in a group that they would not normally do by themselves, and makes Walter ashamed of his actions.
Why does Calpurnia speak differently at First Purchase than she does with the children in their home? What is Lee illustrating with this switch and Scout's questions about it? (Chapter 12)
Calpurnia speaks differently at First Purchase than she does with the children in their home in order to fit in with the crowd and not appear as if she is trying to be superior. Calpurnia switches to her colored people talk because it is the norm in that area. Moreover, even when Scout asks Calpurnia why she talks differently she responds by saying that she does it in order to fit into place and because if she does talk like white-folks people would feel as if she thinks she is better than them. By showing this switch and Scouts question about it, Lee illustrates the separation between communities and societies. Scout's question further this by allowing readers to see why Calpurnia makes the switch and how Scout learns, from Calpurnia's tellings, that in certain situations you must work to fit in with the crowd to prevent any wrong intentions of not doing so.
What is the significance of Calpurnia's description of learning to read? How does this affect Scout? (Chapter 12)
Calpurnia's description of learning how to read shows the great significance of education. Calpurnia can read, which can not be said about many African-Americans at First Purchase. She took her knowledge and shared it to her son, by having him read from the Bible and "Blackstone's Commentaries", explaining why her dialect is different from the other colored folk at the church. Moreover, Calpurnia's ability to read shows readers the significance of her being privileged with this ability, in turn, making Scout realize how fortunate she is in being able to have an education and read, and even develop more curiosity for Calpurnia's private life, outside of the Finch's house.
Briefly discuss Scout's reference to the mockingbird when Atticus asks if she understands Tate's decision. (Chapter 30)
Certainly Scout understands that Boo, like a mockingbird, is kind of heart. At the same time he is emotionally fragile, he would not survive the attention given to him should the truth come out.
Why does Lee begin this chapter with a description of Tom trying to take the oath in the trial? (Chapter 19)
Chapter 19 started with Tom trying to raise his useless left hand showing that he is disabled. This is crucial in this case because this proved that Tomm isn't left handed and he never physically assaulted Mayella. This part also introduces Tom Robinson as the mockingbird in the situation. He has a kind personality and always tells the truth. He never did anything wrong. With all truths, he was still guilty because the racists always believed that the white is always right, even when they are wrong. Tom is being shot down for doing nothing but being nice to Mayella.
Why are Mrs. Merriweather and Mrs. Farrow upset with the African Americans residents of Maycomb after the Robinson trial? Does this make sense?
Christianity is used as a validation of prejudice. Both Mrs. Merriweather and Mrs. Farrow use this defense. Mrs. Merriweather criticizes her maid, Sophy, for complaining, but then passes off her own judgement as a form of Christian witness. She never inquires about why Sophy is complaining, yet she feels justified in telling her not to. Mrs. Farrow's response to dealing with African Americans is even more chilling: "'We can educate 'em till we're blue in the face, we can try till we drop to make Christians out of 'em, but there's no lady safe in her bed these nights.'" The sad irony of this conversation is that neither woman can understand why Maycomb's black community is dissatisfied.
Dill comments that he wants to be a clown. Which of Dill's life experiences most contributed this comment and why? Explain. (Chapter 22)
Dill wants to be a clown because he wants to laugh at people. He says "I think I'll be a clown when I get grown." Instead of people laughing at him, he wants to laugh at others and create a whole new kind of clown. His mom and stepdad not giving him the affection he wanted which caused him to be a sad lonely child. Later on there was the trial. He saw how mistreated Tom Robinson was. He want to smile and laugh instead of being sad. By being a clown Dill wishes to laugh at everyone, although it truly is the other way around, because he finds humor in the way people view things and act as a result. However, by being a clown Dill also wishes to be able to bring joy to people and make them feel loved, which is something he never truly was given by his parents.
What clues does Lee give the reader about Ewell's death? What conclusions can the reader draw from these clues (Chapter 28)
Ewell's death really isn't spelled out for us but it is safe to assume that Ewell was killed by Boo Radley. The smell of "stale whiskey" and Bob's knife, "metal ripped on metal,"were strong clues that Bob was stalking them. ... a shiny clean line stood out on the dull wire. "Bob Ewell meant business," Sheriff Tate muttered. In the end it was clear that Boo was the kid's guardian angel.
What aspects of Scout's character does Lee draw on to disperse the lynch mob outside the jail? (Chapter 15)
From talking to Walker Cunningham, Scout wanted to show Atticus that she has matured and can hold a proper conversation. Atticus told Scout that "the polite thing to talk to people about what they were interested in, not about what you were interested in." (Lee, 154) Scout tired to talk to Mr. Cunningham about how enlightenments are bad. Scout also wanted to show that she can read people and understand others. In order to disperse the mob, Lee draws on Scout's innocent, friendly, and daring character. As soon as Scout spots the familiar sight of Mr. Cunningham, among all the mysterious faces, she immediately strikes up a conversation and starts cutting through all the hate, fear, and tension build up by the mob. This soon turns into realization, of what he is doing, for Mr. Cunningham and the mob soon disperses on his command.
How does Lee create conflict for the reader with respect to seeing Mayella as a sympathetic character by the end of her testimony? (Chapter 18)
From the beginning of the book up until this chapter, the Ewells family were disliked and viewed as the antagonist. Mayella was abused from her father, which leads to the reader feeling sorry for her. The reader feels sympathetic for Tom, but after knowing the whole story from Mayella, the readers feel sorry for her as well. Everyday she spends home taking care of other families and working. Even though Mayella lied about Tom Robinson physically abusing her, the reader knew that she was being forced to say this. The reader are able to see both sides of Mayella, one being her abused lifestyle and the other being her lying to have Tom Robinson serve consequences for having not done anything. Readers are conflicted with Mayella's character, but are also able to understand why she may have acted the way she has. Mostly, the reader can see how a person could become to this point.
Why is Calpurnia so concerned about the children's appearance when she takes them to First Purchase? (Chapter 12)
In Maycomb, there is almost a 0 to none situation that would cause a white kid to go to a black church. Racial segregation were heavily implied during the 1900s. It was an act of saying that whites are better than blacks. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Calpurnia is worried that the children would stand out and be judged, because they're so "different." Calpurnia is so concerned about the children's appearance when she takes them to First Purchase because white children don't usually attend First Purchase, therefore, knowing that they will be judged, she wants them to look presentable. Moreover, as a composed women herself, she wants the children to reflect they way she brings them up, as she is almost like a second mother to them. Calpurnia feels that the children's appearance will impact her and other opinions about her, thus she wishes the children to look their best.
Do you think that Aunt Alexandra is justified in trying to guide Scout's development?
In chapter 24, Aunt Alexandra hosts a Missionary Society Tea. She is true to form in all her Maycomb proclivities except for how she feels about Atticus. Usually, she (like other Maycomb citizens) wants to see him stay out of the racial mess taking place between blacks and whites. But as she wonders around the guests at their event, woman after woman gossips about how their black servants are sulking. Alexandra grows sensitive about her brother and the work that he does to repair the humanity in this community. Then moments later, Atticus comes home and reveals Tom's death to Maudie, Alexandra and Cal. Maudie support Alexandra as once again, we see her hurt by what the town does to Atticus. Instead of fighting against him, she is supportive of Atticus. Aunt Alexandra also stood up tall and put on a smile when Tom was shot because she had to be brave.
Why does Lee have Atticus read The Gray Ghost to Scout? (Chapter 31)
In the beginning of the book, Jem, Scout, and Dill are preoccupied with Boo. They want him to come out. Jem and Scout warn Dill that this was a dangerous thing. However, Dill persisted. On one occasion, Dill dared Jem to touch the front door of the Radley house. Dill said that if Jem would do such a thing, he would give him his copy of The Gray Ghost. Scout says that Dill never turned down a dare and so he did it. The Gray Ghost represents Boo or better yet what the children imagined Boo to be. At the end of the book, Atticus see the copy of the book, and Scout asks him to read her the book during bedtime. Atticus refuses at first, as the book is scary, but Scout insists. She says that she is not sacred. In fact, as Atticus starts, Scout fall asleep immediately. If the gray ghost represents Boo, then Scout really has nothing to fear, as Boo and Scout are now "friends." What seems fearful no longer is. The ghost might still be gray, but the ghost is friendly.
What does Scout mean when she says, "...then I understood. The livingroom lights were awfully strong?" (p. 271) (Chapter 30)
It means that Boo is so used to being in the dark that the lights hurt his eyes. Heck Tate means the limelight on Boo, should people find out what he did, would hurt Boo more than is worth telling the truth.
Give two examples of Jem's increasing maturity, and explain each example along with Scout's response. (Chapter 14)
Jem tells Scout to "try not to antagonize Aunty" (Lee, 137) because he understands that with Atticus on the case and Scout growing up, Aunt Alexandra needs to me there to lessen the stress and be an example for Scout as she is growing up. Jem finds Dill under Scout's bed, so Jem knows that telling Atticus is necessary. This explains that Scout is still naive and oblivious to the situation and doesn't know how severe it is. Throughout the chapters, readers can see Jem's maturity increasing. To name a few incidents, there is when Jem tells Scout that Atticus and Aunt Alexandra have been fussing, and him telling her to not antagonize Aunt Alexandra and not make her mad. To this Scout responds by physically punching and fitting Jem thinking that he is trying to boss her around and tell her what to do. Moreover, when Jem finds that Dill has run away without telling his mother, he takes it upon himself to go inform Atticus whole informs Miss Rachel, for the better prosperity of Dill. To this both Dill and Scout think of him as a traitor, and Scout doesn't realize that Dill running away is not a small matter.
How does Scout's initial description of Mayella Ewell show Scout's character growth? (Chapter 18)
Lee creates sympathy for Mayella by hinting at mistreatment and many hardships thought her childhood, especially when it comes to her father. Throughout the trail readers are able to pick up on cases where Bob Ewell is abusing his daughter both physically and mentally. Even when she is testifying, Mayella agrees to the fact that her father is tolerable except when he is drinking, showing that Bob Ewell more than likely mistreats his daughter when drunk. Moreover, Mayella is also presented as one without any friends and most likely as the one who has to take care of all her siblings. O Scout understood what kind of life Mayella has. "She seemed somehow fragile-looking, but when she sat facing us in the witness chair she became what she was, a thick-bodied girl accustomed to strenuous labor." (Lee, 179) She had no one but her dad to trust. It really shows Scout's character growth through understanding and reading people.
How does Lee build suspense leading to the attack on Scout and Jem? (Chapter 22-27)
Lee foreshadows the danger that Scout and Jem are in when Bob Ewell threatens Atticus and his family and spat at Atticus' face. Atticus is not worried about this, and apparently thinks Ewell is harmless. He underestimates the wound to Ewell's pride. Yet it foreshadows Ewell's attack and builds suspense. Another element building suspense is the fact that Scout is not escorted to the pageant by her father, or any adult. Not only that, Lee has Scout herself tell us that there was trouble that night. After that, it didn't matter whether they went or not. Jem said he would take me. Thus began our longest journey together. (Ch. 27)
How does Lee use humor to soften the seriousness of the prank that was played on the two valuable sisters on the previous Halloween? (Chapter 27)
Lee informs the reader a the end of the story that all the kids were in the the prank by noting that after the sheriff sent out the bloodhounds; the children all put on their shoes to escape detection. I'm not sure that would work, but it does show the children suddenly becoming nervous.ToshowthereisstillonHalloween "When Mr. Tate set them in motion three times, he finally guessed the truth. By noontime that day, there was not a barefooted child to be seen in Maycomb and nobody took off his shoes until the hounds were returned."
What is Lee's purpose for having Scout jump into the circle of men unexpectedly at the jail?(Chapter 15)
Lee's purpose for having Scout jump into the circle of men unexpectedly at jail was to show her innocence and naive nature. She thought Atticus would be happy to see her, but soon realizes otherwise. Furthermore, by having Scout jump into the circle of men, Lee is able to show the power a child can have in influencing people's behaviors. Lee draws a sense of innocence and maturity through being able to disperse the lynch mob outside. Most importantly, her bravery to get in between the situation. Although innocent and naive, Scout was able to stop the group of men from causing trouble.
What is Lee's purpose in having the Ewell family accuse Tom Robinson of rape? (Chapter 17)
Lee's purpose of having the Ewell family accuse Tom Robinson of rape to show the cultural and racial separation within the town. They would turn on each other after hearing Atticus is defending Tom Robinson even though they were friends. Another reason is to show the racial discrimination in court. The court isn't total fairness. If the victim was a white man, the judge would most likely freed the man and give Bob Ewell jail time for falsely accusing someone else. Nevertheless for Tom Robinson it was different. No matter how much evidence the lawyer give, the white person would always be right. This shows a judge would take a white man's word of lying than the truth of a colored man. They think that just because they have a lighter skin tone they have the ability to blame one who is of a darker skin complexion, and that by doing so they can get away with their wrong doings. Moreover, having the Ewell's come from poverty themselves, readers are really able to see the value some white individuals hold the black individuals to.
How does Lee create sympathy for Mayella? (Chapter 18)
Scout's initial description of Mayella Ewell shows readers what a lonely and taught life she lives. Instead of looking judging Mayella as one would at her age, she was able to see Mayella's true emotions and even create sympathy towards her as a result. B Mayella is lonely and is abused by her father. Mayella is also brainwashed by her father, so she could have pressured into saying the things she said in court. When Mayella was talking about her father, she said that her father was a totratable follower of the word except. The word except indicates self doubt. Then, she suddenly says "except when nothin'" (Lee, 183) after looking at her father. From this, the reader can tell that she is more afraid of her father than being caught with a lie in court. She is facing physical and mental abuse daily with her day's drinking problem. Mayella sadly doesn't have any friends.
Why does Aunt Alexandra feel responsible for what happened? (Chapter 29)
She said that she had a feeling that something was wrong tonight, but she hadn't listened to it. So, she feels responsible for what happened. This is so upsetting for her that she probably needs to go lie down to process it. Of course it isn't her fault, but we often blame ourselves when loved ones are hurt, even if it was not our fault at all.
What type of literary device does Lee use in the following statement? Perhaps Atticus was right, but the events of the summer hung over us like smoke in a closed room. (p. 243) (Chapter 26)
Simile
Describe the impression that Tate gives the reader through his recount of the event and Atticus' cross-examination. What conclusion can the reader draw about Lee's purpose for Tate's testimony? (Chapter 17)
Tate gives the reader an impression of a passerby who doesn't know what really happened. To the readers, he sounded scared and felt like with every word something would be wrong, but it was straightforward. Later Atticus helped Tate say that it was Mayella's right side of her face not her left. The reader can infer that Mayella was badly beaten. Tate also indicated that they didn't call a doctor even though Mayella's bruises were so severe. Therefore the reader can conclude that Bob Ewell hurt his own daughter.
Why is Tate so adamant about protecting Arthur Radley? How does Lee show the reader Tate's intent? (Chapter 30)
Tate knows that Boo Radley saved Scout and Jem. Should the truth come out, Boo would be paid so much attention that it would destroy him. Heck Tate simply and emphatically states that "Bob fell on his own knife". This,of course, could easily be believed by the public about a guy like Bob Ewell.
What is the significance of "...the solitary mocker...in blissful unawareness of whose tree he sat in...?" (p. 254) (Chapter 28)
The "mocker" mentioned in Chapter 28 is a mockingbird, pouring out its song in the various voices of other birds. The mockingbird, in addition to being a symbol of innocence throughout the novel, is also a bird capable of great mimicry. It can alter its voice to that of many different songbirds, and is known to also imitate the sounds of insects and even amphibians. On this fateful Halloween night, not realizing that it is sitting in a tree on the dreaded Radley property, the "mocker" imitates the sounds of a sunflower bird, a bluejay, and a whippoorwill. The quote has to do with the bird's dangerous position in the Radley tree, a creepy place to be considering it is a dark, windy Halloween night--and that the mysterious Boo Radley may be lurking nearby. Additionally, the author probably intends the mocker as a foreshadowing element to the noises that the children will hear later on the trail to and from school.
Why did the children feel so isolated and upset when Atticus asked them to listen to Aunt Alexandra's explanations of the significance of being a Finch. (Chapter 13)
The children are not used to listening to Aunt Alexandra's explanation about the significance of being a Finch, and now the fact that their father is making them listen makes them feel isolated. The children feel as if Aunt Alexandra's mindset is rubbing off onto Atticus, making them feel outlaid for this new way Atticus is treating them. Moreover, they children just don't like what Aunt Alexandra is saying and Atticus usually does not make the do what Aunt Alexandra has them do.
How does Lee use the children's experience at First Purchase to show the similarities and differences between the African-American and the white religious communities? (Chapter 12)
The children's experience at First Purchase showed the different build ups of each community. Through the church service, readers were able to see that the African-American community is significantly poorer than the white community. Although both communities worship the same god, sharing similar customs and values, the absence of the hymn book, lack of literacy, and the chorus of voices signing in unity to Zeebo's words shows a clear division between the practices or traditions the African-American community has as opposed to the white religious community.
Describe how Atticus' and Aunt Alexandra's reactions to Scout and Jem visiting Calpurnia's church reflect their attitudes toward African-Americans. (Chapter 14)
The clear division among the positive response readers see form Atticus, and the negative response readers see from Aunt Alexandra, about Scout and Jem visiting Calpurnia's church shows their difference in view points among African-Americans. As can be seen throughout the novel, Atticus is very welcoming and wishes equality among all races. He doesn't see it as a wrong for Calpurnia to have taken the children to her church. Aunt Alexandra on the other hand, is greatly opposed to the fact that Calpurnia could have done such a think showing how Aunt Alexandra is quite prejudice and is discriminative against African-Americas.
Explain the satire that Lee uses in this chapter. (Chapter 24)
The descriptions alone of Mrs. Merriweather are satirical. Lee has Merriweather's "voice soar(ed) over the clink of coffee cups" as she begins her "misguided people in this town" speech. This dainty, little, middle-aged woman is taking the stage in the very house of the man she's about to disrespect. In fact, her racial comments about her "sulky and dissatisfied Sophie" and her comments about how Atticus is not doing the right thing by representing a man who is Black set her up to fail. She is not only sitting next to one of Atticus' best friends (Maudie), she is in the same room as his sister and his daughter. Lee uses this scene to show the reader how ugly racism is. That's how she uses satire. she takes the shortcomings of human behavior and makes fun of it--hopefully to bring about change. Hopefully the reader sees this and agrees that Atticus is doing the right thing and Merriweather is a bigot.
What is the meaning behind the details involving insects? (Chapter 25)
The roly-poly symbolizes innocence. In the beginning of chapter twenty-five, Scout finds a "roly-poly" bug in her room. Scout plays with the insect; making it curl into a ball several times by poking it with a stick to scare it. After a few minutes playing this game, Scout says, "Feeling sleepy, I decided to end things" (Lee 319). Right before Scout was going to squash the bug, Jem stopped her by saying, "They don't bother you" (Lee 320). To Jem, the insect was like Tom Robinson. Tom was a normal African American man, who was unfairly charged of a crime he did not commit. By smashing the bug, Tom Robinson would be dead also. His innocence and freedom would be taken away from him. This is what happened when Tom was shot trying to escape. Jem was trying to keep Tom alive by stopping Scout. Jem understands now that every person has a fighting chance, and should not immediately be thought of as evil and wrong.
What is the significance of Lee's use of light and dark in this chapter? (Chapter 15)
The significance of Lee's use of light and dark in this chapter is to show the different feelings and actions that occur with the safety of the light and the uncertainty of the dark. The light posed as a safe heaven. Many things were not understood until the light was brought in, such as Scout unknowingly going into the mob only to find realization with the light. The dark, on the other hand posed as unsafe, such as when children did not understand what was happening at jailhouse. Moreover, there is no light inside or outside the jail because the person inside is not supposed to have "hope". In the light one is able to see the true colors of themselves and others, while the dark is filled with uncertainty and unjust, as what is happening in the case of Tom Robinson.
Explain the significance of Scout comparing Atticus in front of the jail to Atticus, "... standing in the middle of an empty waiting street, pushing up his glasses." (p. 156) (Chapter 16)
The significance of Scout comparing Atticus in the two different sceneries is to show his composed and defiant nature. When in front of the jail, Atticus was a fearless and daring man, ready to stand up to any of the threats that were to come his way. On the contrary, when "... standing in the middle of an empty waiting street, pushing up his glasses." (p. 156), Atticus is shown as a composed and dignified man, ready to defend Tom Robinson. This difference in Atticus' nature signifies that his true personality is one composure, bravery, and dignity. He is true to his morals and the way he carries himself depending on situations really goes to show his pure heart that will fight for anyone he believes is innocent (Tom Robinson). From this, Scout explains how Atticus calms himself down when being under pressure. As a character, the reader can see that Atticus isn't one to crack under the pressure but a person that looks at a problem and fixes it. It shows that despite everyone in Maycomb, Atticus would be the person everyone calls when there is trouble. Heck Tate was the person who gave Atticus the gun when dealing with Tim John; most importantly, Atticus is the only man who would defend Tom Robinson. He is a intelligent and calm person, and no matter race or social class he is willing to help
How does Lee use light and darkness to create the tone at the beginning of this chapter? (Chapter 28)
The walk back is even darker than before, and near the school, Scout remembers that she left her shoes backstage. She is thinking of returning to get them, when Jem stops her because he hears a strange noise. Scout hears it too, but thinks maybe it's just Cecil again. They call out taunts to Cecil in order to get a response, but there is only silence. Jem thinks maybe Scout should take off her costume, but she doesn't have any clothes underneath, and can't get her dress on in the dark. They are almost home, near the dark shadow of the tree by the Radleys' house, and are trying to walk faster. It sounds like the person behind them is wearing thick cotton pants.
What is Lee's purpose for re-introducing Boo Radley in this chapter? (Chapter 26)
There is a complete change in how Scout now views Boo. After the injustice of the Robinson trial, the innocence and immaturity that made Scout make up stories about Boo is gone. Scout has lost her fear of the Radley place. Every now and then she daydreams about seeing Boo sitting on the porch, and greeting him as if they spoke to each other every day.
What is Lee's purpose for having Scout fall asleep backstage while waiting to make her entrance? (Chapter 28)
This makes the kids walk home after everybody else has left. This puts them alone in the dark and exposed to Bob Ewell.
What is Lee's purpose in having Link Deas interrupt the trial? (Chapter 19)
Throughout the novel up until this point, there was rarely a point where white and black are nice to each other beside the Finches. Lee's purpose in having Link Deas interrupted the trial wasa to show not all white people in the Maycomb community are racist.. He said "[he] ain't had a speck o'trouble outa him. Not a speck." (Lee, 199) This showed that Tom is a great worker and there is no reason to trust him after Tom worked for him for 8 years. Harper Lee was trying to show that not every white person is the same like the stereotypes. There are also people who are nice and don't and aren't racist.
What is the significance of Atticus putting Scout to bed after she falls asleep in Jem's room (Chapter 31)
Thus, when Atticus puts Scout to bed at the conclusion of the book, we understand that despite the tumultuous events of the past two or so years, she is in safe hands. Scout still has a great amount of growing to do, and the presence of a parent can serve as a source of comfort at her young age. She will continue to evolve and thrive under the watchful eye of her good and patient father and will hopefully aid the rest of Maycomb in evolving into a more tolerant, peaceful place as well.
What is the significance of Tom Robinson admitting that he felt sorry for Mayella? How does Mr. Gilmer further emphasize Tom's error? (Chapter 19)
Tom Robinson was feeling sorry for Mayella which to the townspeople it sounds like she is putting himself above her. The white have the mindself of being "better" than blacks in Maycomb. Especially black men aren't supposed to feel sorry for white women.
What can the reader infer from Lee's use of "the senseless slaughter of songbirds..." in Underwood's editorial? (Chapter 25)
Tom's death ties in with the theme of the book; that he was innocent and only did good things like help Mayella and yet he dies.
