Trail Guide - Chapter 4

What could you ask your partner to do so you can differentiate between the quadratus lumborum and the erector spinae?

"hike your hip"

The rotatores span between how many vertebrae?

1-2

How many ribs do we have on each side of the body?

12

Which of the following is an action of the multifidi?

extend the vertebral column

Which of the following is an action of the iliocostalis?

laterally flex vertebral column to the same side

The edge of which muscle is especially useful in locating the suboccipitals?

trapezius

The multifidi span between how many vertebrae?

2-4

How many vertebrae form the vertebral column?

24

How many "true ribs" do we have on each side of the body?

7

Which vertebrae can be located at the base of the neck?

C-7

Which is the insertion of the quadratus lumborum?

Last rib and transverse processes of 1st-4th lumbar vertebrae

The twelfth rib is often horizontal to the level of which vertebra?

T-12

Which vertebra is often horizontal to the level of the inferior angle of the scapula?

T-7

Which section of the vertebral column is comprised of 12 vertebrae?

Thorasic

To contract the lower fibers of the erector spinae group from a prone position, you could ask your partner to perform what action?

alternately raise and lower feet

When accessing the diaphragm, when is it best to curl your fingers further underneath the rib cage?

as your patient exhales

Which is a part of the insertion of the external oblique? a. anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) b. anterior part of the iliac crest c. anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) d. pubic crest

b. anterior part of the iliac crest

Which is the insertion of the rectus abdominis? a. sternum b. cartilage of fifth, sixth and seventh ribs and xiphoid process c. xiphoid process and sternum d. cartilage of 9th - 12th ribs

b. cartilage of fifth, sixth and seventh ribs and xiphoid process

Which is a part of the origin of the diaphragm? a. posterior iliac crest b. outer surfaces of lower six ribs c. inner surfaces of lower six ribs d. anterior surfaces of upper thoracic vertebrae

c. inner surfaces of lower six ribs

Which section of the vertebral column is capable of the most movement?

cervical

What is the name of the anterior curve of the vertebral column in the neck?

cervical lordosis

Which of the following is an action of the transverse abdominis?

compress abdominal contents

Which is the insertion of the diaphragm? a. costal cartilage b. sternum c. manubrium d. central tendon

d. central tendon

Which of the following is an action of the serratus posterior inferior?

depress ribs during exhalation

In contrast to the erector spinae group, the fibers of the transversospinalis group run in which direction?

diagonal

A hiccup is caused by involuntary contraction of which muscle?

diaphragm

What is the primary muscle of respiration?

diaphragm

Which of the following is an action of the internal intercostals?

draw the ribs inferiorly (decreasing the space of the thoracic cavity)

Which of the following is an action of the serratus posterior superior?

elevate ribs during inhalation

Which of the following is an action of the semispinalis capitis?

extend the vertebral column and head

Which movement of the vertebral column would shorten the fibers of the erector spinae muscles?

extension

You are palpating lateral to the edge of rectus abdominis, and the fibers you feel are superficial and running at a inferiormedial angle. Which muscle is this?

external oblique

Which of the following is an action of the rectus abdominis?

flex the vertebral column

Which movement of the vertebral column would shorten the fibers of the rectus abdominis?

flexion of the spine

Which of the following is an action of the diaphragm?

increase the volume of t he thoracic cavity

During what activity is the diaphragm's central tendon pulled inferiorly?

inhalation

You are palpating lateral to the edge of rectus abdominis, and the fibers you feel are a little deep, and running at an superiormedial angle. Which muscle is this?

internal oblique

As a group, the transversospinalis muscles can be most easily located in which area?

lamina groove of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Which edge of the quadratus lumborum is most accessible?

lateral

Which movement would lengthen the fibers of the quadratus lumborum on the right side of the body?

lateral flexion to the left

Which of the following is an action of the longissimus?

laterally flex vertebral column to the same side

Which of the following is an action of the quadratus lumborum?

laterally tilt the pelvis

Which of the muscles in the erector spinae group have an attachment on the skull?

longissimus

Which portion of the spine is designed to support the weight of the upper body?

lumbar

Which are the only muscles with fibers that lie across the posterior surface of the sacrum?

multifidi

Which suboccipital muscle does not attach at the occiput?

oblique capitis inferior

Which is the origin of the quadratus lumborum?

posterior iliac crest

Which is the origin of the rectus abdominis?

pubic crest and pubic symphysis

Locating the last rib, posterior iliac crest and the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae will help you to isolate which muscle tissue?

quadratus lumborum

Which of the following is actually an abdominal muscle located on the posterior side of the thorax?

quadratus lumborum

Which abdominal muscle creates the "washboard" look?

rectus abdominis

The serratus posterior superior and inferior muscles affect the movement of what area of the body?

ribs

Which of the following is an action of the splenius capitis?

rotate head and neck to same side

Which of the following is an action of the rotatores?

rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side

Which of the following is an action of the external oblique?

rotate vertebral column to the opposite side

Which of the following is an action of the internal oblique?

rotate vertebral column to the same side

Which movement of the vertebral column will shorten the fibers of the splenius capitis on the left side of the body?

rotation to the left

Which movement of the vertebral column will lengthen the fibers of the multifidi on the right side of the body?

rotation to the right

Which movement of the vertebral column would lengthen the fibers of the external oblique on the right side of the body?

rotation to the right

Which movement of the vertebral column would shorten the fibers of the internal oblique on the right side of the body?

rotation to the right

To distinguish the trapezius fibers from the splenius capitis fibers, you could ask your partner to perform what movement of the head and neck?

rotation toward the side you are palpating

Which primarily deep muscle can be accessed in the cervical region where it is superficial between the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid?

splenius capitis

Which muscles can be outlined by finding the spinous process of C-2, the transverse processes of C-1 and the space between the superior nuchal line and C-2?

suboccipitals

The thorax is comprised of which two structures?

the ribs and the sternum

Which bony landmark is often horizontal to the level of the spinous processes of T-2?

the superior angle of the scapula

The erectors lie deep in the lumbar region to what connective tissue structure?

thoracolumbar fascia

Which bony landmark is often horizontal to the level of the spinous process of L-4?

top of the iliac crest

Which abdominal muscle plays a major role in forced exhalation?

transverse abdominis