Trail Guide to the Body - Head, Neck & Face

How many bones compose the skull?

22

The cranial bones are connected by __________ joints which form tight-fitting sutures.

Fibrous

The anterior scalene lies partially deep to the lateral edge of which muscle?

SCM

In lateral flexion of neck what are the 4 synergists?

SCM, scalenes (Anterior, Middle, and Posterior), splenius capitis, and splenius cervicis

Which muscles are located between the SCM and the anterior flap of the trapezius?

Scalenes

You might ask your partner to "breathe deeply into your upper chest" when palpating which muscle group?

Scalenes

In depression of the mandible what are the 2 synergists and 1 antagonists?

Synergists - geniohyoid, digastric Antagonist - temporalis

In protraction of the mandible what are the 3 synergist and 2 antagonists?

Synergists - lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid, masseter (assists) Antagonists - temporalis, digastric

In flexion of the neck what are the 2 synergists and 3 antagonists?

Synergists - longus capitus, longus colli Antagonist - levator scapula, longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis

In extension of the neck what are the 3 synergists and 2 antagonists?

Synergists - splenius capitis, splenius cervicis, and semispinalis capitis Antagonist - sternocleidomastoid, scalene anterior

In elevation of the mandible what are the 2 synergists and antagonists?

Synergists - temporalis, masseter Antagonists - genlohyoid

The brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass through a small gap between which two muscles on the anterior, lateral neck?

anterior scalene, middle scalene

The shortest muscle

arrector pilli

The pulse of the _________ can be felt medial to the SCM at the level of the hyoid bone.

common carotid artery

Which muscle originates at the mastoid process, loop through a tendinous sling at the hyoid bone and inserts to the inferior border of the mandible?

digastric

Name the four muscles which comprise the suprahyoids.

digastric, mylohyoid, genloyhoid, stylohyloid

To discern the posterior scalene from the levator scapula, what action could you ask your partner to perform that would contract the levator but not the scalene?

elevate scapula

Located at the center of the occiput, the ______________ is the superior attachments site for the ligamentum nuchae.

external occipital protuberance

Which structure could you detect by placing your finger at the base of the mandible along the anterior edge of the masseter?

facial artery

The _______ bone forms the forehead and upper rim of the eye sockets.

frontal

Where can you best feel the pulse of the temporal artery?

in front of the ear along the zygomatic arch

The thyroid gland is situated on the anterior surface of the trachea between which two structures?

jugular notch and cricoid cartilage

Passive protraction of the mandible would ______ the temporalis.

lengthen

Passive rotation of the head and neck to the same side would _____________ the sternocleidomastoid.

lengthen

What two muscles attach from the anterior surface of the cervical vertebrae to the occiput and atlas?

longus capitis, longus colli

The ________ is the strongest muscle in the body relative to its size.

masseter

Which bony landmark is located directly behind the earlobe and serves as an attachment site for the sternocleidomastoid?

mastoid process

The muscle on the interior side of the mandible

medial pterygoids

The chin's most medial muscle

mentallis

The galea aponeurotica forms the bridge between which two muscle bellies?

occipitalis, frontalis

The __________ is located at the posterior and inferior aspects of the cranium.

occiput

Which muscle runs from the hyoid bone to the superior border of the scapula and is mostly inaccessible?

omohyoid

To access the insertion of the temporalis, you must ask your partner to perform what action?

open mouth to access coronoid process

The ___________ bones merge at the body's mid-line to form the sagittal suture.

parietal

Which muscle becomes visually distinct when your partner forms a Creature from the Black Lagoon expression?

platysma

Which scalene is difficult to distinguish from surrounding muscle bellies?

posterior

The sternocleidomastoid, clavicle, and trapezius from the _______________ of the neck.

posterior angle

What direction should you give your partner in order to locate the suprahyoids?

press tongue against roof of mouth

The frontalis is best seen and felt by asking your partner to do what action?

raise his eyebrows

To create an even more visible contraction in the sternocleidmastoid (SCM), ask your partner to flex her neck after making what adjustment?

rotate head to the opposite side

Passive elevation of the mandible would ______ the masseter.

shorten

Passive lateral flexion of the head and neck to the same side would _________ the sternocleidomastoid and scalenes.

shorten

Tightening the fascia of the neck would _____ the platysma.

shorten

The smallest muscle in the body

stapedus

What three landmarks create the borders of the neck's anterior triangle?

sternocleidomastoid, base of the mandible, and trachea

Which bony landmark is located on the underside of the mandible and acts as an attachment site for the suprahyoid muscles?

submandibular fossa

While palpating the mandible, in which area should one use extra sensitivity?

submandibular fossa

Which bony landmark of the occiput serves as an attachment site for several neck muscles?

superior nuchal line

The broad origin of which muscle attaches to the frontal, temporal and parietal bones?

temporalis

The space between the zygomatic arch and cranium is filled by ________ muscle?

temporalis

The two heads of the sternocleidmastoid originate at the _________ and the __________.

top of the manubrium, medial 1/3 clavicle