Trail Guide to the Body WB: Spine & Thorax

In rotation of the spine to the right what are the 2 synergists and 1 antagonost?

Synergist: external oblique (left) internal oblique (right) Antagonist: Multifidi (right)

In elevation/expansion of the ribs (inhilation) what are the 5 synergist and 1 antagonist?

Synergists: subclavius (first rib) scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior) bilateral serratus anterior sternocleidomastoid (assists) serratus posterior superior Antagonist: internal intercostals (assists)

Which vertebrae correlates with the twelfth rib?

T-12

Which vertebrae correlates with superior angle of the scapula?

T-2

Which vertebrae correlates with the inferior angle of the scapula?

T-7

the angles of the scapula and the corresponding spinous processes do not always line up. Name two factors that might affect the position of the scapula.

body type and muscular contraction

Which section of the vertebral column is capable of the most movement?

cervical

The first rib is deep to which bone along the anterior thorax?

clavicle

As you palpate medially toward the spine, you may lose contact with the twelfth rib because it is deep to which muscle group?

erector spinae group

You are palpating lateral to the edge of rectus abdominis and the fibers you feel are superficial and running at an angle. Which muscle is this?

external oblique

The ligamentum nuchae spans between which two bony landmarks?

external occipital protuberance spinous process of C7

Which band of connective tissue lies superficial to the cervical spinous processes?

ligamentum nuchae

Your partner is supine and you passively rotate the head 45 degrees away from the side you are palpating. This position places the cervical transverse processes in a line running between which two bony landmarks?

mastoid process, center of shaft of the clavicle

The abdominal aorta is located where in relationship to the psoas major?

medial

Compression of the abdominal contents would _________ the transverse abdominis.

shorten

Drawing the ventral part of the ribs upward would ____ the external intercostals.

shorten

Increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity would __________ the diaphragm's fibers.

shorten

Passive rotation of the head to the same side would ________ the rectus capitis posterior major.

shorten

Passive rotation of the spine to the opposite side would _________ the rotatores.

shorten

In right lateral flexion of the spine what are the 2 synergists and 1 antagonist?

Synergist: quadratus lumborum (right) external oblique (right) Antagonist: spinalis (left)

In flexion of the spine what are the 3 synergist and 1 antagonist?

Synergists: external oblique (bilaterally) internal oblique (bilaterally) iliacus Antagonist: quadratus lumborum (assists)

In depression/collapse of ribs (exhalation) what are the 2 synergists and 1 antagonist?

Synergists: internal intercostals (assists) serratus posterior inferior Antagonist: external intercostals (assists)

In extension of the spine what are the 5 synergists and 1 antagonist?

Synergists: semispinalis capitis spinalis (bilaterally) Iliocostalis (bilaterally) interspinalis intertransversarii (bilaterally) Antagonist: rectus abdominis

What is the structure that extends off the ribs and attaches to the sternum?

costal cartilage

What is the primary muscle of respiration?

diaphragm

The thoracic transverse processes are located deep to the __________ muscles and superficial to the ____________.

erector spinae, connecting aspect of the ribs

To feel the ligamentum nuchae change tension underneath the fingers, what passive movement(s) can be performed at the head?

flexion and extension

What edge of the quadratus lumborum is accessible from the side of the torso?

lateral edge (side)

The most medial branch of the erector spinae group is the __________, while the most lateral is the __________.

spinalis, iliocostalis

The lamina groove is located between which two bony landmarks of the vertebrae?

spinous process and transverse process

The visible row of bumps running down the center of the back are the?

spinous processes

When exploring between the scapulae, through which muscle tissue must you palpate to access the erector spinae fibers?

trapezius, rhomboids, serratus posterior superior

Which three bony landmarks can help you to isolate the borders of the quadratus lumborum?

12th rib, posterior iliac crest, TVP of lumbar vertebrae

Which rib attaches to the sternum at the level of the sternal angle?

2nd rib

The eleventh and twelfth ribs lie at approximately what angle on the body?

45 degrees

Which two cervical vertebrae have spinous processes that protrude further posteriorly and are more distinct than the other cervical vertebrae?

C-2 and C-7

Which vertebrae correlates with the top of the iliac crest?

L-4

as a group, the transversospinalis muscles can be easily located along the _____ of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.

Lamina groove

To distinguish the trapezius fibers fro the splenius capitis fibers, you could ask your partner to perform what action?

Rotate his head slightly toward the side you are palpating

Exploring just posterior to the clavicle, through which muscle group must you palpate to access the first rib?

Scalenes

What two bony landmarks and one region can be helpful to isolate the location of the suboccipitals?

Spinous process of C2 TVP of C1 Space between the superior nuchal line of the occiput and C2

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, what connective tissue structure is pulled inferiorly?

The central tendon

How cant he upper fibers of the trapezius be helpful in locating the suboccipitals?

The trap's lateral edge is the same width as the suboccipitals

In which three directions are the ribs ideally designed to move?

anterior/posterior, lateral, superior

With your partner seated, what two movements at the spine could you ask your partner to perform to feel the movement of the spinous processes?

flexion and extension

Which muscles are located inbetween the ribs?

intercostals

What action could you ask your partner to perform to feel the quadratus lumborum contract?

laterally tilt (elevate) the hip

The throacolumbar aponeurosis serves as an attachment site for which two muscles?

latissimus dorsi any branch of the errector spinae group

Name two large muscles through which you would have to palpate the access various portions of the intercostals.

latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major or external oblique

Rotating to the left demands the contraction of which splenius capitis ---- the left or right?

left

Passive flexion of the spine would ________ the iliocostalis.

lengthen

Passive rotation of the head and neck to the opposite side would ____________ the splenius capitis.

lengthen

Passive rotation of the head to the opposite side would _______ the obliques capitis inferior.

lengthen

Passive rotation of the spine to the same side would _______ the multifidi.

lengthen

Passive rotation of the vertebral column to the opposite side would ___________ the internal oblique.

lengthen

Passive rotation of the vertebral column to the same side would _________ the external oblique.

lengthen

When is it best to move your fingers as you curl them underneath the rib cage to feel the diaphragm?

only as your partner exhales

To contract the lower fibers of the erector spinae group in a prone position, you could ask your partner to perform what action?

raise and lower his feet slightly

Which abdominal muscle runs vertically from the rib cage to the pubic crest?

rectus abdominis

Rotating your trunk to the right would engage your left or right internal oblique muscle?

right

Unlike the long, vertical erector fibers, the branches of the transversospinalis group consist of many _____________ fibers.

short, diagonal

Passive extension of the head and neck would _____________ the splenius capitis.

shorten

Passive lateral flexion of the head and neck would ________ the splenius cervicis.

shorten

Passive lateral flexion of the spine to the same side would __________ the longissimus.

shorten

Although the entire rib cage is deep to muscle tissue, which portion is easily accessed?

sides of trunk

What action could you ask your partner to perform to feel the first rib move?

slow, deep breath into upper chest

Many of the cervical transverse processes are deep to which muscle?

sternocleidomastoid

The thorax is comprised of which two structures?

sternum and rib cage

What superficial ligament can be felt between the spinous processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae?

supraspinous ligament

In the lumbar region, the erectors lie deep to what connective tissue structure?

thoracolumbar aponeurosis

The splenius capitis is a deep muscle except on the lateral side of the neck where it is superficial between which two muscles?

trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

To avoid the thick erector spinae muscles overlying the lumbar transverse processes, it is best to slide your fingers roughly how far laterally from the spinous processes?

two inches

Which vertebrae correlates with base of the neck?

C-7