Transitional words and phrases showing relationships within and between sentences

How to identify redundancy questions

Indicators: - repeated words - varying lengths of different answer options - answer choices have words that mean the same thing and repeating (eliminate those options)

To summarize or repeat

in summary, to sum up, to repeat, briefly, in short, finally, on the whole, therefore, as I have said, in conclusion, as you can see

verb rules

*Verbs NEVER start with independent clauses* They start with dependent when they are -ing

Structure for a flowing paragraph

- connected ideas are next to each other - Broad first then it gets more specific (Start with general description----->then with specific/ examples)

Steps for verb choice

1) When you see all the verb options look at all the nouns before the verbs and find the first noun which is typically found at the beginning of the sentence 2) Find the verb that best suits the first noun by plugging in all verb options and pick which one is right (puts the subject and verb options together) 3) Match plural/ singular subject to the right verb 4) ask yourself what tense are the other verbs around the sentence (*read the rest of the paragraph to find out the context of paragraph)

Steps for punctuation

; and . have the same meaning when there is a punctuation option in the asnwers... 1) analyze the clauses Idependent: subject + verb Dependent: Usually starts with SWABI (since, which, as, because, if)

Transition words

Always try to create synonyms for the words in contrast--> on the other hand futhermore--> in addition in fact--> actually ultimately--> in the end therefore--> (cause and effect) because of this...this happens

How to know if a clause is independent or dependent

Dependent clauses: typically begins with SWABI (since, which, as, because, if) Independent clauses: it contains both a subject and very

what to underline in question sentences

If you have a quation sentence underline 2 phrases so you focus on what you need to keep in mind.

choosing good intro/ conclusion sentences

Questions about introduction sentence----> look at the conclusion sentence Questions about conclusion sentence----> look at the conclusion sentence

Using commas with professions and names

When we have a profession or name as subjects at the beginning--> add a comma if not at the beginning or not the subject---> no comma (*any time there is a type of question with profession or name it is safer to choose no punctuation or comma*)

To intensify

above all, first and foremost, importantly, again, to be sure, indeed, in fact, as a matter of fact, as I have said, as has been noted

To signify space and place

above, behind, below, beyond, here, there, to the right (left), nearby, opposite, on the other side, in the background, directly ahead, along the wall, as you turn right, at the tip, across the hall, at this point, adjacent to

To signal alternatives, exceptions, and objections

although, though, while, despite, to be sure, it is true, true, I grant, granted, I admit, admittedly, doubtless, I concede, regardless

To signal additon of ideas

and, also, besides, further, furthermore, too, moreover, in addition, then, of equal importance, equally important, another

To show results

as a result, hence, so, accordingly, as a consequence, consequently, thus, since, therefore, for this reason, becasue of this

To indicate contrast

but, in contrast, conversely, however, still, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet, and yet, on the other hand, of course, on the contrary, or, in spite of this, actually, a year ago, now, notwithstanding, for all that, strangely enough, ironically

To signal order or sequence

first, second, (etc.), finally, hence, next, then, from here on, to begin with, last of all, after, before, as soon as, in the end, gradually

To signal an example

for example, to illustrate, for instance, to be specific, such as, moreover, furthermore, just as important, similarly, in the same way

To dispute

it isn't true that, people are wrong who say that, deny that, be that as it may, by the same token, no doubt, we often hear it said, many people claim, many people suppose, it used to be thought, in any case

Signal Comparison

like, in the same (like) manner or way, similarly

To signal time

next, afterward, finally, later, last, lastly, at last, now, subsequently, then, when, soon, thereafter, after a short time, the next week (month, day, etc.), a minute later, in the meantime, meanwhile, on the following day, at length, ultimately, presently

steps for pronoun questions

pronoun choice 1. find the subject 2. match based on plural or singular

To signal purpose

to this end, for this purpose, with this in mind, for this reason, for these reasons