Truck Company Operations
2 wire overhead service supplies ___ volts single phase—(older services)
120v and are an excellent indicator of the presence of knob and tube wiring
The incidence of brain cancer as a cause of death was ____% higher among firefighters than the general population
129
The smoldering phase the oxygen supply has been depleted to ____ to ____%
13 to 15
If a ladder has a run frequency of more than 100 per month, it is recommended that maintenance be increased to every _____months or sooner
3
an aerial device is often only considered for use on structures of ____ or more floors
3
Four primary extension routes Basement _____story _____ story ____ floor _____ story ____ floor
Single Multiple First Multiple Top
The 4 basic types of hoist way doors are: ______ slide ______ hall ______ openings ______ speed
Single swing center two
_______ system sprinklers may be open or closed and all sprinklers are supplied with water by a heat actuated valve
deluge
Flashover is substantially different from backdraft in that it lacks three principal factors Sudden introduction of O2 into a________area Confinement Heated flammable gases under_______
depleted pressure
When high voltage is encountered- the power must be eliminated how? At _____ ______ By _____ ______
electrical panel utility company
it is an accepted fact that fireground operations consist of two specific viewpoints: _____ attack _____ operations
fire logistical
*SMOKE PRESSURE the key to reading pressure is three fold: the greater the pressure, the more ____ within the building always consider the ____ of the building the rate of _____ or expansion of escaping smoke and fire gases is an indicator of a ____ fire*
fire size curl hot
This commandment is potentially the most important for consideration for truck company personnel Prioritize _________ considerations
fireground
A 30 year firefighter faces a ____in ____chance of dying from cancer compared to one in five among general population
one in three
Some elevators can be placed into Phase ___ mode by activation of heat or smoke detectors
1
Salvage cover size
12 x 18 ft plastic coated nylon or rubber coated cotton duck
A metal clad door with a thin metal covering over a solid wood core
Kalemine door
Within every 4 to 7 rows of bricks, one row will have been laid on end for additional strength is called a _______ Row
King
The prime reason that quints are often ineffective as multipurpose companies is?
Lack of strong and knowledgeable officers
______fuels is a term that primarily refers to the way ignition temperatures of common gases accelerate the flammability of other gases that are present in a compartment fire
Ladder
What type of roof is common on gymnasium, recreational buildings or large supermarkets
Lamella roof
_______ glass normally consists of a layer of polyester film sandwiched between two layers.....used in auto windshields and some glass doors
Laminated
When the elevator is in phase 2 operation, the ____key cannot override it
Lobby
When in Phase 2 operation, the ____ ____ cannot override it
Lobby key
Mortise locks are easily recognized by?
Locking mechanism that has been installed in the cavity of the door
On sections of hose, the lugs on the male coupling are _______than on the female
Longer
*4 methods to cut panelized roof _______ method—can be completed in 4 cuts ______ ______ method—quickly completed by 2 personnel and opens a large section _______ _______ method—opens a large section but requires numerous cuts _______ _______ method—requires at least 4 personnel to sequentially open sections. This method is best accomplished with _____ personnel*
Louver Drop panel Panel louver Fold back 5
On UNEVEN terrain, it is generally best to set the _____first
Low side
Two and three line services generally come from the ________crossarm of a power pole
Lower
Telephone lines are normally found on the _____crossarm
Lowest
Forcing *SWINGING* windows, break the _____ pane and reach inward and _____ to unlock the latch
Lowest Upward
What is the name of the key that opens the hoistway doors
Lunar key
Most electrocutions are associated with_____extension ladders
Metal
Oil cooled transformers commonly use a _____oil which can present a flammability hazard and may have _____
Mineral PCBs
Pad mount transformers can present a fatal hazard if the exterior metal cabinet is _______on the concrete pad
Moved
Roof venting operations can often begin by using available _____construction openings
Natural
Types of ventilation N_____ H_____ H_____ P______ V_____
Natural Hydraulic Horizontal Pressurized Vertical
4 basic types of ventilation openings _______ openings•••holes that burned through roofs, skylights that fail or burn through roofs _______ _______ openings•••windows, doors, skylights _______ openings•••are opened in CLOSE PROXIMITY to a fire.. Often referred to as offensive ventilation. ________ openings•••are opened AHEAD of a fire, also known as strip ventilation.
Natural Natural construction Heat Directional
Major factors involved in determining the type of overhaul are: _______ of the occupancy It's ______ The_______ present The______and________ of fire
Nature stability materials size and extent
Electrons are the ____ charge partial of an atom
Negativity
Should the firefighter key for an elevator be part of a building master key system?
No
Size up will focus on the following 4 areas C_____ styles R______ styles C______ methods A______ of building
Construction Roof Construction Age
The two primary construction styles used by the construction industry are:
Conventional Lightweight
Forcible entry operations generally consist of the following 3 methods
Conventional Through the lock Power tools
3 methods of forcible entry _______ forcible entry _____ _____ forcible entry _____ _____ _____ forcible entry
Conventional Power tool Through the lock
Tempered glass will
Crystallize and collapse
Response time can be saved by?
Getting to the apparatus quickly Knowing the district without studying the map
_________valve can be used to control the flow from an activated sprinkler head
Globe
Electrical panel A ______bolt is used to secure the cabinet doors requiring a special wrench to gain entry
Penta
When cutting power to the circuit breaker - how should you do it
Shut off branch circuit before main circuit breaker
A bridge truss roof is easily identified by its characteristic ______ and _____
Sides and ends
Meters should not be removed! Removing them may result in _____
The meter flashing or exploding
Seven steps of visual awareness -know your_____spots -look _____ -see the total _____ -scan -maximize your______ space -maintain sufficient______distance -make sure others know your________
blind ahead picture scan perimeter follow intentions
3 key factors that determines the ability of an aerial device to reach an objective are: Height of_____ Length of_____ Any_____
building aerial hazards
_____ _____ system these pipes are maintained dry. to charge this system it is necessary for fire department apparatus to pump into fire siamese
non automatic dry
NFPA statistics indicate that the_____ highest cause of death and injury to firefighters is responding to an incident and driving back to the fire station
third
the ____ ___ ___ can set the parameters for a search operation
time of day
______ is the cornerstone of the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of a quint
training
of all the attributes that collectively combine to develop an effective truck company, ________.——(along with ______) is one of the most essential elements
training attitude
Initial size up for ventilation Building ____and ____ ________ and _______ of fire Type of______ Ladders Hazards
type and age Location and extension roof
ABS plastic pipe will burn readily and act as what: A______ to spread fire throughout any structure that is _______ by it
vehicle transverse
BASIC VENTILATION OPENING (2 of 4) Natural construction openings Natural construction openings such as _____, doors, ______
windows skylights
The 6 most common roof styles are G____ H____ F____ A____ B____ ___ S_____
-gable -hip -flat -arch -bridge truss -sawtooth
The gas pressure inside a customer line is about ____
.33 psi
Louver(awning) has glass sections about ___ wide
1 foot
When in the city and when on highways, how far do you look ahead City:______ Highway_______
1 to 2 blocks 1/4 to 1/2 mile
Steel exposed to sufficient heat begins to lose its structural integrity at what temp?
1,000 degrees
PPV has proved effective for distances over _____
1,000 ft
Three types of main power disconnects are: 1-______ pullout 2-______ breaker 3-Lever
1- fused 2-circuit
4 stages of temporary traffic control are 1--the ____ or ____ stage 2--the _____ stage 3--the ____stage 4--the _____ stage
1-- advance or warning 2--transition 3--activity 4--termination
The length of duration of an electrical shock can cause devastating results in four specific areas:
1-Cardiac arrest 2-ventricular fibrillation 3-tissue destruction 4-flash burns
The importance of reading smoke: viewed from three key perspectives C____ P____ ____ A_____
1-Conditions 2-Personal safety 3-Assignment
Order of priority for handling utilities 1-Electrical 2-Gas 3-Water
1-Electrical 2-Gas 3-Water
5 basic rules of fireground safety 1-____ ____has the right of way 2-_____on your apparatus in the street is unusable on the fireground 3-If the fire is in ____ , so are you 4-what you ____may not be what you get 5-your fireground time is slowly being ____
1-falling debris 2-equipment 3-range 4-see 5-minimized
Perception/reaction time plus brake lag is ______ under ideal conditions. At 30mph this equals over _____ feet before your apparatus begins to stop
1.9 seconds 100
Natural gas supplies approximately ______of the total energy requirements of the United States
1/3
Ladders are rated at their maximum load capacity if they are used in the proper angle of _____their working length and secured at the top and bottom to prevent slippage
1/4
To quickly achieve a 70 degree angle, the base of the ground ladder is normally placed ____ of the working height from the base of the building
1/4
A rim lock can be recognized by a cylinder that protrudes through the door about ___ to ___ of an inch
1/4 to 3/8"
During fireground rehabilitation operations, PPV can lower the ambient temperature around firefighters by approximately ____degrees and by over ____ when a light water mist is used with pressurized air
10 15
Expect one layer of composition asphalt shingles for every ________years of age
10 to 15
During nighttime hours, particularly _____to _____ residential occupancies can present high occupancy loads
10pm-6am
Treat telephone wires as if they are carrying a min of ____ volts
110
NFPA 1904 recommends that truck companies carry a minimum of _____ feet of ground ladders
115
Electricity can be transmitted to municipalities on lines of ______ to _____ volts
115k to 1m
Natural gas has an ignition temp of ______
1165 degrees
Subtransmission line insulators are approx. ____ to ____ inches in length
12 to 22 inches
Measurements during actual operations have indicated that PPV can reduce CO concentrations of 1000 ppm to between approximately _____and ____ppm
130 and 220
Keep aerial devices at least ______ from electrical conductors
15 ft
Drum type electric elevator Limitations in the length and diameter of the winding drum restricts this type of elevator to ____ft lifts and is very_____. For these reasons, it is no longer produced
150 Slow
Elevator Side emergency exits are usually ____inches wide and ___ft high and will open ____and are either hinged or removable
16 5 Inward
ELEVATOR EXTRICATION landing zone is ____inches below or above the floor landing
18
Good rule of thumb is to not push the elevator door more than___inches into the elevator shaft
18
When gib blocks are cut, the hoistway door can dislodge from its upper track if it is pushed too far into the shaft. However this must be deliberately done to dislodge the door. A good rule of thumb is to not push the door more than ______inches into the elevator shaft
18
Division walls travel through the ceilings to project above the roof at least ____ to ____inches
18" to 24"
The time period prior to ______ unreinforced masonry was common
1933
Generally, fire service control is required on elevators constructed after____
1973
Door restrictors have been installed on elevators since
1980
If two blowers of unequal size are used in a series, place the larger one about ______feet back from the entrance and the smaller one ____ the larger one
2 Behind
A basic rescue team should consist of at least ___ personnel but not more then ____ per team
2 3
Master streams add between ___ and ____ tons per minute
2 and 4
During interior overhaul keep overhaul piles at least ____ ft from walls
2 ft
Place stacked blowers approximately ______feet back from an entrance for maximum efficiency and ease of egress/ingress
2 to 3
Tall buildings, hills, winding roads, blind intersections or heavy brush can reduce siren audibility by as much as ____
2/3
Regardless of the size of a blower, most are designed so that they can be tilted back about _________degrees
20 to 30
A centrifugal force governor is provided on most elevators to guard against over speeding when cars travel in excess of ____% of top speed
20%
Total collapse of a lamella roof may occur if more then ____% of the structure is removed by fire
20%
Centrifugal force governor is provided on most elevators to guard against over speeding when a car travels in excess of___
20% of top speed
The ignition phase of a fire, the oxygen content is about ____
21%
Traffic light voltage is ____
240
HORIZONTAL VENTILATION cross ventilation operations are effective up to approximately ____floors in a high rise
25
Horizontal ventilation Cross ventilation in a high rise are effective up to approximately ____floors
25
INTERIOR STAIR SHAFTS tests have indicated that regardless of the atmospheric temperature or humidity the natural airflow within these shafts is virtually static in buildings up to about ____stories
25
PPV has proved effective against winds up to about ____
25 mph
USFA firefighter fatality reports indicates that since 1984, apparatus collisions have accounted for about _____ of all firefighter fatalities
25%
NFPA 1904 requires all new aerial ladders and elevating platforms to have exceeded a rated capacity of _____ pounds at the tip at full extension
250
Polycarbonate ( lexan ) is ____ times stronger than safety glass
250
Polycarbonate windows are _____ times stronger than safety glass?
250 times
Keep exterior overhaul piles at least _____feet from the structure and other combustibles Keep interior overhaul piles at least _____feet from walls
3 2
Size of wedges
3 to 4 in long, 1 1/2 in high made from pine
EXTERIOR STAIR SHAFTS test have indicated that regardless of the atmospheric temperature or humidity any natural movement of air in these shafts is usually upward and significant. Drafts of ___to ___ mph can be expected by opening the upper and lower stair shaft doors
3 to 6
Freight elevators can be as large as 12x14ft and have a carrying capacity of up to ____
3 tons
18 gauge metal gusset plates on trusses penetrate the wood how much:
3/8"
Approximately ____% of fire service vehicular accidents occur while moving *BACKWARDS*
30
Approximately _____% of fire service vehicular accidents occur while moving backwards
30
Fireground experience has indicated that timber truss roofs (except tied truss) are capable of lasting over ____min under heavy fire conditions
30
It is estimated that hydrogen cyanide is over ______ times more toxic than carbon monoxide and is also flammable
30
One 3 cubic ft of saw dust is capable of absorbing approx ____ gallons of water
30
Rotating ventilators are ____% more efficient when the turbine is operational as compared to when the turbine has been taken off
30
Leave at least ____ feet behind the truck so ladders can be removed
30 ft
Hurricane resistant glass—-against a 9ft long 2x4 traveling ___and a small object traveling ___
30 mph 90 mph
Manhole covers can weigh _______pounds and have been blown _____feet into the air and up to distances of 125feet
300 75
A metal ground ladder can suddenly fail when exposed to heat or flame over_____
300 degrees......however loss of annealing can begin at 200 degrees
Hydrogen cyanide is _____% more DEADLY than carbon monoxide
33
At the receiving station, electricity of 115,000a and a million volts is reduced to ____ volts
34,500 volts
A wet concrete road requires approx ___ to ___% more stopping distance than a dry concrete road
35%-40%
If the perceived temperature is hot enough to be noticed, but still feels safe to accomplish the task: The temperature around the firefighter is____-____ degrees and the temperature at the ceiling is ____-____degrees
375-450 800-900
As of 1994,NFPA now requires ____heat sensors per ladder
4
Cellulose Insulation: Proper installation requires clearance of at least ______inches between the cellulose and a heat source such as recessed lighting/heat fixtures
4
*TRUCK* COMPANY STAFFING Minimum—____ Optimal —____
4 6
Door restrictors prevent the cab doors from being opened more than ___inches when an elevator car is not within its_______ (____ below or above the floor landing): the two basic types consist of a _______ or _______ restrictor
4 Landing zone 18 Mechanical (clutch type or angle iron) Electromechanical
Size of a rubbish carrier
4 1/2 ft square canvas
Jalousie has small glass sections ____ wide
4 inches
Transmission line insulators can be approx. ____ to ____ ft in length
4 to 14 feet
Primary voltage insulators are approx. ___ to ____ inches in length
4 to 6 inches
Common recommendation for roof ventilation openings __________for dwellings __________for commercial
4 x 4 feet 8 x 8 feet
Glass coating films are commonly how thick?
4.0mm
A PPV operation performed on a Boeing 737 cleared a zero visibility smoke condition in a cabin in ____seconds
45
Telephone line voltage range from ____ to ____ volts
45 to over 100
When cutting wires do not cut wires that carry _______volts
480
When voltages of over_______volts are encountered ( either overhead or underground) the power must be eliminated at an__________or by a ________company
480 Electrical panel Utility
Tempered glass is___times stronger than plate glass
5
On commercial buildings, with panelists roofs, ladder ___ ft from a corner to enhance the possibility of laddering a purlin
8ft
Test by the US coast guard have indicated the positive pressure can reduce the core temperature of personnel by as much as _____degrees during suppression operations
5
A single blower of _____horsepower is the minimum that should be used on a single story, single family dwelling of approximately _____sq ft
5 1800
Multiple occupancy structures Using blowers of _____horsepower in a series or _____will dramatically enhance effectiveness
5 Stacked
If an operation requires much more then ____ mins, personnel should be flexible enough to try another method or tool
5 mins
Tempered glass is heat treated to increase strength about ____ times stronger then plate glass
5 times
Natural gas has a flammable range of _____ to _____
5 to 15%
Removing screens will improve the viability of window exhaust openings by at least _____%
50
It is normal practice that If the concentration of CO over _____ ppm are detected, then you should consider wearing an SCBA during overhaul
50 PPM
Easiest climbing angle for aerial and ground ladders is
50 to 60 defrees
Depending on the type of fire, concentrations of CO can easily rise to _____ to ______ ppm during overhaul
500 to 1,200
An escalator traveling between 90 and 120 feet per minute can carry as many as
5000 passengers per hour
If a parapet is more then ____ ft tall, use roof ladder on the other side
5ft
Hydraulic elevators use hydraulic power instead of cables and are generally limited to _____story buildings
6
When analyzing any incident to determine the possible extension route of smoke, fire and other inherent hazards, consider the incident from the perspective of having ____ sides
6
some manufacturers restrict the use of jack pads on hills that exceed ____%
6
*QUINT* COMPANY STAFFING Minimum—___ Optimal—___
6 8
The varnish finish on wood ladders should be inspected at least every_______months and redone at least_________or sooner
6 Annually
Size of mattress carrier
6 1/2 x 9 1/2 ft canvas
Hydraulic elevators are limited to what height?
6 stories
Size of floor runners
6 x 18 ft waterproof cotton duck material
What size pike poles are normally adequate to pull office ceilings
6. Ft
AC current flows one direction at _____ cycles per second
60
Older street lights with photoelectric cells can be fed by up to _____ volts
6800
The base of the ladder should be placed ____ ft away from the building for an____ degree climbing angle
6ft 70 degrees
After removing the cylinder of a mortise lock, insert a key tool and move the bolt to the ___ or ____ o'clock position to open the lock
7 or 5
A single lightweight truss structural member can span ___ ft
70 ft
NFPA statistics indicate that ____of structure fires occur in single family dwellings and ____of those fires are confined to one or two rooms
70% 70%
The perfect climbing angle for aerials and ground layers is
70-80 degrees
High rise buildings are normally defined as buildings over ____feet
75
Extension ladders require about a _____pull to extend any section
75 pound
Cross arms carrying voltages over ____ volts should be marked with high voltage signs
750
Fire service ladders are constructed to carry a _____pound load test with a _____safety factor. A comparison, industrial ladders are designed to support 300 pound load with a 4:1 safety factor
750 4 : 1
High voltage signs means lines are over _____ volts
750 volts
One area of a panelized roof that can be used for laddering is ______feet from any corner
8
The only means of access to upper floors (more then ___ floors) are elevators and stairways
8 floors
Dumpsters and car fires Place blowers approximately _______feet away
8 to 10
*Flashover can create A sudden and intense rise in temperature that can go from ____ to _____ to ____ degrees or more A sudden loss of ____for interior personnel An immediate drop in the oxygen level from 21% to ____% An immediate increase in carbon monoxide level to _____ppm*
800 1000 1800 Visibility 4 4000
According to FEMA a study was conducted between 1977 and 1988 and indicated that ____firefighters were killed due to electrocution involving metal ground ladders
9
When exposed to sufficient heat, metal beams can expand ______ per every hundred feet
9"
When cutting a roof with an axe, strike the work at _____ instead of a ______
90 degrees 60 degrees
NFPA statistics indicate that if nothing is showing on arrival, the incident is a false alarm over ____ of the time
90%
Natural gas generally consists of ____% methane
97%
BUILDING TYPE From a basic viewpoint, a residential building will have a *HIGH LIFE HAZARD* from about _____ to ____
9pm to 7am
A RING on the stop cock valve indicates
A branch service
This tool looks similar to a small halligen
A tool
Simple method to use for determining initial priorities: Rule of 4.......which are: A____ V____ S____ W___
Access Ventilation Search Water
Third highest cause of firefighter injuries and deaths:
Accidents with fire apparatus
BASIC VENTILATION OPENING (4 of 4) Directional openings Are opened ______of a fire. Also known as _____ventilation they are designed to change the horizontal direction or ______of Fire, heat and smoke to a vertical direction
Ahead Strip Extension
____ _____ windows are used to minimize the effects of flying glass inside a building
Air blast
Most common ladder is constructed from
Aluminum
What is responsible for more deaths? Amperage or volts?
Amperage
When considering the effects of amperage and Voltage on humans, it is the _____that is primarily responsible for injury and death
Amperage
A square manhole cover usually indicates what?
An underground transformer
Size up consists of what 3 distinct part A_____ D_____ I______
Analysis Decision Implementation
Plate glass is also called
Annealed glass
Responding companies to a fire shouldn't
Approach an incident from the same direction
Adjacent car rescue should only be used
As last resort
When turning off the elevator to reset, how long do you turn it off _____
At least 30 seconds....can be advantageous to repeat this process total of 3 times
To restore the surface finish and minimize oxidation, an occasional application of ________paste wax should be used on aluminum and fiberglass ladders
Automotive
Extension ladder raise: With the fly section _____from an objective for metal and fiberglass extension ladders
Away
Straight ladders with rings set in the main beams should be raised with the rungs____from a building
Away
Straight ladders with rings set in the beams should be raised with the rungs facing____
Away from the building
_________is when an axe is used to determine the direction of the wood sheathing on a roof
Axe bounce
Remember that overhaul operations can provide an excellent opportunity to train members in________ and other related tasks
Building construction
In some cases it may be advantageous to overhaul a fascia from the_______
Backside
Less than 50% below grade and will normally have large windows
Basement
_________________ fires are potentially one of the most dangerous fires that fireground personnel will encounter
Basement
Some rooms in a dwelling are more prone to a collapse than others. Those areas are:
Bathrooms Kitchens
high target areas of greatest danger in a search priority ______ Doors B____ B____ ____ pathways
Behind doors Bedrooms Bathrooms Exit pathways
Wood extension ladder raise: With the fly section _______the objective and the main section for truss wood extension with the rings set in the main beams
Between
Dual fueled vehicles and vehicles that use only CNG are identified by a dark________, diamond shaped identification label with the letters CNG in ________
Blue White
Forcing Louver(awning) or jalousie, remove or break the _____ pane and reach _____ to unlock
Bottom Inward
One of the most dangerous roofs a firefighter will encounter:
Bowstring
The ______roof is one of the most dangerous roofs a firefighter will encounter
Bowstring
3 types of arch roofs B_____ L_____ T___ truss
Bowstring Lamella Tied truss
How do you force a swinging window?
Break lowest pane of glass Reach inward and upward to unlock latch
Truss roof shapes B_____ truss B_____ truss G_____ truss P____ ______ truss
Bridge Bowstring (arch roof) Gable Parallel chord
These roofs are found in older commercial structures primarily in the 1920's to 1940's
Bridge truss roof
5 areas that have collectively combined to significantly modify or change current operational considerations and firefighter safety: ________ construction ________ materials _______ detectors ________ equipment Experience
Building Building Smoke Protective
Commercial/industrial occupancies The contents in these buildings are prioritized in this order _______records _______and finished products _______ stock
Business Machinery Unfinished
Arch roof (lamella) Supported by exterior _____ or internal ___ ____ with turnbuckles
Buttresses Tie rods
How do you force pivoting windows?
By prying between the sash and the frame
2 doors on an elevator
Cab door Hoistway door
In buildings with basements remember that ______ can settle in this area and become an invisible hazard to Firefighters who are not wearing SCBA
Carbon monoxide
Over 50% below grade and will normally have small rectangular windows
Cellar
Force *SLIDING* windows, insert the prying tool at the ____ of the ____ sash and pry _____
Center Lower Upward
HYDRAULIC VENTILATION You can obtain maximum effectiveness by moving the nozzle in a _______motion ______feet back from a window This method has been tested and resulted in air movement of over______cubic feet per min
Clockwise 4 to 10 2000
_____ ____based on formula of a 7, 9 and 8 cut sequence and is best used for sheathing and space sheathing
Coffin cut
3 most common ladders used for inside operations are
Combination 12ft extension 14ft extension
A________meter is used to calculate water usage for domestic water services that can use low and high water flows
Compound
If possible, do not use primary search personnel to what?
Conduct the secondary search
Direct loss:
Damage caused by fire, heat, and byproducts of combustion
Overhanging decking material is known as?
Deadman
_________check valve with a by pass meter is used to supply water for a closed fire protection system
Detector
ELEVATOR EXTRICATION _______ ______ zone is at or within a few inches of floor level
Door lock
As a siren approaches an observer the frequency will appear to be high. As the siren is near an observer the frequency will be normal, and as the siren moves away the frequency will appear to be lower. This is known as the _____effect
Doppler
Portion of a three part study on relationship between cancer and firefighting by the Institute of cancer and blood research indicates death from cancer among firefighters _______from __% to _____% between 1950 and 1980
Doubled 17 34
If speed is doubled, perception-reaction distance is _____ and braking distance is about ____ times as great
Doubled Four
When approaching an objective from an excessive street grades, position the aerial device to the objective from the ______ position to maximize the angle of inclination
Downhill
2 types of electric elevators
Drum type- 150' lifts (slow) Traction type- gearless and high speed direct traction
Forcing *RANCH* windows are relatively _____ to open, use prying tool to pry the window apart at the ______ to disengage or break the lock
Easy Middle
___________——Normally, these windows are the most difficult type of window to force open
Jalousie
A centrifugal force governor is found on what type of elevator
Electric
When occupants are trapped, position personnel with radios where?
Elevator equipment power room The floor where the elevator is stopped
Revolving doors are usually used for what purpose?
Energy conservation
To effectively implement PPV, you must control the _____and ____openings as well as the airflow route
Entrance Exhaust
*SWINGING* windows F_____ (projected) H_____ (hopper) C_____ windows
Factory Hinged Casement
________meter(FM) is a high flow meter that provides water for fire protection purposes
Factory mutual
_______still rank as the leading cause of fireground deaths and injuries
Falls
Of all modern building construction hazards, you should consider this method of construction as one of the most dangerous yet easily identifiable:
Fascias
If present the phase 3 mode is linked with the_____/_____ _____ system
Fire/smoke alarm
Prime ingredient to consider for a prospective truck company officer is:
Fireground maturity
Any electrical hazard is the responsibility of the _________who sees it
First person
The two basic methods for raising a ladder is:
Flat raise Beam raise
Timely and safe forcible entry operations are enhanced by the following F_____ C_____ S_____ equipment T_____
Flexibility Communications Safety equipment Tools
Gib blocks are attached to the bottom of hoistway doors, ride in tracks that are in the ______ ______ and are installed about every ____ across the underside of a door panel
Floor landing 18 inches
Skylights are good indicators of building ____ ____
Floor plans
AERIAL LADDER When placing an aerial ladder to a window or fire escape balcony, place the top rung ____ or ____ with the sill or railing
Flush or even
Windows normally composed of 3 basic components
Frame Sash Glazing
Where are vertical bi-parting doors found: ______ elevators ....generally not used for passenger elevators unless the residence is in a warehouse
Freight
Resistance can be compared to ____ ____in a hose
Friction loss
Before electricity can be successfully utilized for residential and commercial applications it must be ________ , _________and ________delivered to appropriate customers
Generated Regulated Safely
READING SMOKE Three strike rule: primarily based on the co-principal of firefighter safety and risk assessment Strike one—smoke with ____ Strike two—less than acceptable ____ Strike three—the _____is not improving
Heat Visibility Environment
All metal and fiberglass ladders constructed since January 1984 are required to have ______ labels. These labels will turn _____if subjected to heat greater than _____. If subjected to this heat the ladder can lose at least _______% if it's load
Heat sensor Black 300 degrees 25
______-_______ glass is stronger than plate glass but not as strong as tempered glass and used where greater strength is necessary
Heat-strengthened
Geared traction machines use a: ______ speed motor geared to a traction sheave through worn gears with a brake wheel ______ the worn gears and motor
High Between
Do not enter energized electrical rooms or enclosures marked with ______
High voltage
Traction type elevator is used for _____lifts and ____speeds
Higher Greater
The ______roof resembles the gable roof but lacks A frame construction
Hip
A conductor can be compared to the _____that contains the flow of water
Hose
Electricity compared to water in a hose line: C.E.R.V.A ______ is the Conductor ______ is the Electrons _____ ___ is the Resistance ______ is the Voltage ______ is the Amperage
Hose Water Friction loss Pressure GPM
_____ _____ is a prime example of why ventilation should be an initial consideration at structure fires and a primary reason why fireground personnel should not breathe smoke
Hydrogen cyanide
Two bottle rule:
If a FF has used two 30 min bottles or has worked for 40ms give them 10 mins of rest
For standard openings, maximum effectiveness can be achieved by placing two blowers ______with each other
In line
Two types of water shutoff valves
Indicating Non-indicating
One of the primary reasons for the difficult nature of a search is ______ use
Infrequent
Rabbit tool is for: ______ swinging doors
Inward
_______valve is a larger version of a residential stop cock
Nordstrum ( can only be turned 1/8 turn in either direction)
Fire fatalities from the inhalation of _____ ______exceeds deaths from all other fireground causes combined
Noxious gases
On LEVEL ground, set the _____jack first
Off side
When responding with multiple apparatus and depending on the configuration of a roadway or highway, consider the _____ formation
Offset
NFPA 1932 recommends all ground ladders be visually inspected at least _____and after each usage
Once a month
Keep unauthorized people at least _____pole span (_______ft away) from downed wires
One 100
GROUND LADDERS when laddering fire escapes, the top of the ladder should extend a maximum of _____ above the railings
One foot
Less than _____of the nations fire loss is direct fire loss
One-half
Ability to analyze fire, smoke and interior conditions can provide valuable information that are necessary to assess the following conditions: _________ (exterior and interior) ________ and _______ of fire ________ time that is available Your __________
Operations (exterior and interior) Location and extension Fireground involvement
Rotary saws used for forcible entry should be carried with the blade in what position
Outboard
When removing a meter, do not pull _______instead pull it _______toward the source of supply then out
Outward Upward
_________, ___________, or ___________fire suppression operations that can quickly increase the indirect loss
Overaggressive Misdirected Ineffective
For standard entrances multiple blowers in ____are less effective than multiple blowers in a series or _____configurations
Parallel Stacked
Conventional construction can assist in______ fire and the ability to limit the _____of fire
Partitioning Extension
Operational considerations for a truck company : ________ priority Personnel ________ _______ (one of the most essential elements)
Perceived assignment Training (one of the most essential elements)
_______(or attitude), is one of the most important attributes of an *APPARATUS OPERATOR*
Perspective
One of the most flexible tools in the fire service
Pickhead axe
Newer polyethylene has distribution mains are normally what color?
Pink or bright orange
Generally the success of an effective and safe overhaul depends on the formulation and delegation of an appropriate _______
Plan
Least expensive glass and most standard in residential windows
Plate
Voltage can be compared to _______behind water
Pressure
_______________valves are not normally utilized on fire protection services
Pressure reducing
Assignments are determined from four basic viewpoints: _______ and _______ responsibilities ______-_______ operations __________ assignments ______ arrival
Primary and secondary Inside-outside Pre-designated Scene
BASIC VENTILATION OPENING (3 of 4) Heat openings Are opened in close ______ to a fire. They may be horizontal or vertical and are specifically designed to _____fire, heat, and smoke. Such openings are often referred to as ______ventilation and should be a first priority
Proximity Vent Offensive
An important and valuable benefit of salvage is its _________value
Public relations
Use the ______method only on decking composed of wood sheathing and _____ sheathing ______ method is not recommended for sheathing covered with plywood or plywood decking
Pullback Space Pullback
Forcible entry size up ______ for forcible entry ______ of entry ______ awareness _______ of forcible entry ______ and _____ resources size and number of _______
Reasons Location Construction Method Personnel and equipment openings-(most important consideration in formulating a forcible entry size up)
National color code to help identify utilities: ______ power Orange:______ Green: ______ _______ water Yellow_____
Red telecommunications sewers/drains Blue gas
One factor common to any overhaul is the tendency of fire suppression personnel to ______after the fire has been contained or extinguished
Relax
RECEO R E C E O
Rescue Exposures Confinement Extinguishment Overhaul
4 types of overhead doors
Rolling Sheet curtain Sectional Tilt up
Location of machine room for traction type electric elevator
Roof penthouse or Above an elevator shaft
Forcing *PIVOTING* windows, pry between the _____ and the _____
Sash Frame
These roofs were used to yield additional light and ventilation to manufacturing type of occupancies
Saw tooth roofs
An arched roof usually fails in ____ depending on the type of fire and integrity of the roof
Sections
High speed direct traction ( gearless type )machinery consists of: ______ speed direct current motor _______ to a traction sheave with a brake wheel mounted on the motor shaft
Slow coupled
Two dials left of the words CUBIC FEET can be used to detect a flow created by_____
Small leaks
Heat strengthened glass will break______ shards than plate/annealed glass
Smaller
Transmission towers can present a unique hazard due to ______that is present in varying degrees in each tower
Static charge
4 basic types of windows
Stationary Sliding Pivoting Swinging
Personal who step near or between energized wires on the ground can be electrocuted by a phenomenon knows as what?
Step potential
In a transformer, if the secondary has more turns than the primary, the primary is operating as a _____ transformer
Step up
After the building and overhaul area has been surveyed, the incident commander should conduct a _______ with the appropriate officers to delegate _______for the completion of specific overhaul operations
Strategy meeting Responsibility
4 types of doors
Swinging Sliding Overhead Rotating
A 12 ft extension ladder is also called a_______ ladder
Telephone
Hydraulic elevators with newer rams use a ______configuration that allows an elevator to serve buildings about ___to___ stories
Telescoping 8 to 10
A green band on the riser near the stop cock valve indicates what?
That the service line is plastic
When cutting drip loops, do not cut what?
The bare wire (ground)
Indirect loss:
The damage caused by the operations used to control the fire
Personnel can gain entry into an inoperative elevator by removing: ___ ____ _____ This extrication method cannot be utilized when the inoperative elevator is located at the _____floor of a building or _____floors and cannot be moved
The gib blocks Top Between
Alternative method that can result in a larger opening with less effort and time than a tepee cut is known as ________
The kemper cut
Major difference in rescuing trapped passengers from a hydraulic or electric elevator is
The method used to lower the elevator to floor level or the door lock zone
When summarizing ground ladder evolutions, the most basic safety rule that is commonly violated is:
The minimum two ladder rule
A ring WASHER on the stop cock valve indicates what?
The service line is a plastic pipe inserted inside an older metal pipe
________ compound (plexiglass, Lexan) glass is used when security is a concern
Thermoplastic
The volumetric expansion of gases can increase and are capable of creating a significant pressure up to ____times more than ambient atmospheric pressure inside the room
Three
Generally PPV is most efficient when the exhaust opening is between______ and _____times the size of the entrance opening
Three quarters One and three quarters
Arch roof (tied truss) is similar in external appearance to bow string and lamella. It is significantly different because it uses metal ___ ___ to offer _____ support to the walls
Tie rods lateral
The majority of ____ roof failures occur in the eastern states
Timber truss
Depending on the type of occupancy, the _________can begin to set the parameters for a search
Time of day
When carrying a ladder into a building, what part goes first?
Tip
Cutting drip loops Cuts should be made________the source of power and should leave the wires at least _______inches long
Toward 6
What is the most important non emergency function in the fire service:
Training
PPV is at least _______as efficient at removing contaminants from a building because it can clear the air in all corners of a given room
Twice
*4 distinct trademarks of a potential backdraft ______fires that are confined by a structure Smoke that is issuing under____ from any available openings or smoke that is visibly being ____into a pressurized, confined area after openings are made to the involved area Doors or windows that are ____to the ___ , windows may appear ____ Where various openings are present, expect heavy, dark ______smoke*
Unvented Pressure Drawn Hot Touch Dark Turbulent
Hoistway access opening Is located at the ______ _______ portion of the right door. If equipped, a _______key can be inserted into this opening
Upper Right Lunar
New bypass meters only measure the amount of electricity that is ______by the customer and won't _________the system if removed
Used De-energize
Unvented attic fires can be best suppressed by either ______ventilation or by using _____nozzles
Vertical Piercing
Of all of the important factors to consider when evaluating the interior conditions of a structure fire, _____ should be near the top of the list
Visibility
After all primary means of extrication have been exhausted or extrication is immediately required due to serious injury or imminent danger to passengers ____ _______ should be considered
Wall breaching
The flow of an electron ( amperage )can be compared to the flow of ______(GPM)
Water
Salvage: Determining the origin of the problem consists of 4 basic considerations Water Quantity Direction Loss
Water Quantity Direction Loss
The contents of a building can be divided into 3 categories _______ reactive _______ material ______ damaged
Water Absorbant Easily
A quint can be limited by what two things?
Weak leadership Improperly trained crew
On elevators capable of high speeds, _____are forced between two jaws gripping the _____rail with increasing force to slow a runaway car to a gradual stop
Wedges Vertical
On elevators capable of high speeds, ____ are forced between two jaws gripping the ____rail with increasing force to slow a runaway car to a ______stop
Wedges Vertical Gradual
Second most common ladder constructed from
Wood
High voltage placards are what color?
Yellow
SMOKE PRESSURE smoke color is a nice helper, pressure trumps color any day of the week. The pressure exiting a structure can be an excellent indicator of the ____ of fire in the structure in combination with the amount of ______
amount confinement
Cost effective alternative to the wet-water proportioner is: Wet water ________ sprayer ______ ______ applicator
antisiphon Lawn fertilizer
_____ ____ pipe system these pipes are filled with compressed air. When a head is activated, air is immediately released from the activated heads.
automatic dry
_____ _____ pipe system the pipes in this system are filled with water at all times. When a head is activated, water immediately flows from activated heads
automatic wet
SMOKE DENSITY the density of smoke can often be a graphic indicator of the potential ______ of the smoke and the visibility within a building
flammability
Forcing energy efficient windows is dependent on the material used for _____
glazing
BASIC VENTILATION OPENING (1 of 4) Natural openings ventilation isn't entirely dependent on suppression personnel. Some common examples are _____ that ____ through roofs, _______ that fail or burn through, automatic smoke vents that activate, and ventilators
holes burn skylights
Corners of a building are prime locations for ladders for the following reasons No________ openings S_____ L_____ A_____ H____
horizontal Strength Location Access Hips
indicator/______ opening is a small opening made with an axe or power saw in roof decking and used to determine ______ within the structure
inspection conditions
The best method to determine the approx voltage of a conductor is by what: The size of the_______ and the distance between parallel _______
insulators conductors
historically most accidents involving emergency apparatus occur at _______. In 2007 ____% of all civilian vehicular accidents occurred in intersections. ____% of vehicular deaths occurred at intersections
intersections 33% 25%
NFPA statistics indicate that injuries and deaths related to structural incidents are a result of 3 primary factors: the firefighter falling ____ __ __ falling onto the firefighter firefighter involved in a ____
into it it flashover
_____ cut is a small INSERTION cut that is made with a power saw or axe in the decking and used as a quick INDICATOR opening
kerf
5 basic and most often performed truck company assignments are: L_____ F_____ ___/___ S_____ V______ ______ U_____
ladders forcible entry/exit search ventilation operations utilities
Plate or annealed glass will break in _____, _____ shards
large, sharp
*4 major exterior styles of buildings that use panelized roofs: exterior ______ interior _______ ______ _____ and masonry concrete ____ ____ wall*
pilaster pilaster frame stucco tilt up
______ is a small triangular piece cut from a roof covering to reveal the type of ROOF DECKING and possible the DIRECTION OF THE RAFTERS
plug
The mark of a good truck company is the ability to ______ and perform _______tasks ______
prioritize multiple simultaneously