U1: The Universe (Lesson 1 & Lesson 2)

Blue Color of Star says what?

Hotter

Isotopes is...

Atoms of Same Element, Vary Number of Neutrons

What is the process of Scientific Argument called?

Evidence-Based Argumentation

Most stars are 98% made up of, which element?

Hydrogen

How do stars make elements?

Nucleosynthesis

What star is burning helium in the core?

Red Giant

Star Maturity is...

Star in Equilibrium Coverts H to He Main Sequence Star = Adulthood

Ions is...

neutral atom Protons = Electrons

Beginning of the End of the Star is when...

star converts He to C Becomes Red Giant or Red Super Giant

Neutron Star is...

After Super Nova explosion, core condense into small core of neutrons Dense and Rotates rapidly

Stars differ in...

* Mass * Size * Temperature * Color * Luminosity

The Life Cycle of Stars goes...

1. Birth of Star 2. Star Maturity 3. Death of Star

Nuclear Fusion: How does this produce energy?

1. takes less force to hold heavier nucleus together 2. excess energy released

Black Hole is...

3rd predicted result Most Dense core of star left Gravity is so strong, light can't escape

Luminosity/Magnitude is what?

Amount of energy radiated every second

Prostar is the.....

Birth of a Star

Low-Mass Star Death...

Dwarf Stage or Novas

Low Mass Stars up to...

Carbon

Red Color of Star says what?

Cooler

What provides evidence that the Big Bang occurred?

Cosmic Background Radiation

High-Mass Star Death...

Dramatic End Supernova Neutron Star

TRUE or FALSE: Stars are born out of the material found in black holes

False

Large Stars are....

Giants or Super Giants

What does H-R diagram stand for?

Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

Which of the following elements were formed during the Big Bang? (Beryllium, Lithium, Hydrogen, or Boron)

Hydrogen

Nuclear Fusion is...

Hydrogen Atoms fusing to form Helium aka Two or More Atomic Nuclei joining together

High Mass Stars up to...

Iron

Dwarfs: less mass, less (BLANK)

Luminous

Giants: more mass, more (BLANK)

Luminous

The larger the amount of mass in a star, the more (blank) it is

Luminous

Medium Stars are...

Main Sequence (the Sun)

Different Isotopes have different what?

Mass Numbers

Yellow Color on Star Temperature means...

Medium Temperature

What is an interstellar cloud made up of dust and gases called?

Nebula

When an atom GAINS electrons it becomes....

Negative

Ion: Anion is...

Negative Ion

Atomic Number is...

Number of Protons

What determines the "type" of atom?

Number of Protons

Atomic Mass is...

Number of Protons + Neutrons

White Dwarf is....

Only hot Dense core left Shines before cooling Stable star - no nuclear fuel

What is a Scientific Argument?

People disagreeing about claims using evidence to justify their side

When an atom LOSES electrons it becomes...

Positive

Ion: cation is...

Positive Ion

Atomic Nuclei can be a combination of...

Protons & Neutrons OR Single Proton

Big Bang Definition

Rapid expansion of matter from a state of extremely high density and temperature that according to current cosmological theories marked the origin of the universe

Sun-like stars into...

Red Giant Planetary Nebula White Dwarf Black Dwarf

The subtle changes in the color of starlight, lets astronomers find planets, measure the speeds of galaxies, and track the expansion of the universe is called?

Red Shift

Huge Stars into.... (1.5 - 3 times larger than sun)

Red Super Giant Super Nova Neutron Star

Atomic Nucleus Definiton

Small and Dense region at the center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons

Do bigger or smaller stars live longer?

Smaller Stars

Supernova Definition

Star that suddenly increases greatly in brightness because of catastrophic explosion that ejects most of its mass

Proton Definition

Subatomic Particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, positive electric charge

Neutron Definition

Subatomic Particle with about same mass as a proton but without electric charge, present in all nuclei (except ordinary hydrogen)

Electron Definiton

Subatomic Particle with charge of negative electricity, found in atoms moving around nucleus

Giant Stars into... (more than 3 times larger than sun)

Super Giant Super Nova Black Hole

Super Nova is...

Super Giant loses outer layer eventually in explosion Leaves only core

What can we determine about a star using the electromagnetic spectrum?

Temperature

Color tell us what about the star?

Temperature and Age of Star

TRUE or FALSE: A star is a nuclear fusion furnace that creates elements

True

TRUE or FALSE: A star is formed with all of the fuel that it will ever use

True

TRUE or FALSE: The farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us

True

Which is the oldest star? (White Dwarf, Red Giant, or Main Sequence)

White Dwarf

Small Stars are...

White Dwarf or Neutron

Middle Age is when...

core becomes denser and outer layer cools and expands

What is Nucleosynthesis?

creating new atomic nuclei from protons and neutrons and nuclei OR Cosmic formation of atoms more complex than the hydrogen atom

Planet Nebula is when...

giant loses outer layer of gas Only core left becomes white dwarf

What is H-R diagram?

graphical plot astronomers use to classify and interpret the life cycles of stars OR absolute magnitudes of stars are plotted against their spectral types

Nebula is...

where stars form (Cold dark clouds of dust and gas)