U8 Quiz: Ch 31 Assessment of Immune Function

When obtaining a health history from a patient with possible abnormal immune function, what question would be a priority for the nurse to ask?

"Have you ever received a blood transfusion?"

A client with an autoimmune disorder asks, "why is autoimmune disease more prevalent in the women in my family?" Which response will the nurse make to the client?

"It's believed to be caused by the differences in the sex hormones"

A nurse is explaining treatment options to a client diagnosed with an immune dysfunction. Which statement by the client accurately reflects the teaching about current stem cell research?

"Stem cell transplantation has been carried out in humans with certain types of immune dysfunction, and clinical trials using stem cells are underway in clients with a variety of disorders with an autoimmune component"

An older adult client who is postmenopausal informs the nurse that she believes she has developed another urinary tract infection (UTI). What risk factors do female clients in this age group have? Select all that apply.

- residual urine - urinary incontinence - estrogen deficiency

Which of the following is accurate regarding acquired immunity? Select all that apply.

- usually develops as a result of exposure to an antigen through immunization - can develop by contracting a disease -immunologic response acquired during life but not present at birth

The nurse is instructing clients about the importance of taking the shingles vaccine. Which client would benefit from this vaccine?

A 65-year-old client who had chickenpox when he was 12 years old

A client will be receiving a hepatitis B vaccination series prior to appointment and a dialysis center. What type of immunity will this provide?

Artificially acquired active immunity

A client comes in to the emergency department reporting difficulty walking and loss of muscle control in the arms. Once the nurse begins the physical examination, which assessment should be completed if an immune dysfunction in the neurosensory system is expected?

Assess for ataxia using the finger to nose test and heal to shin test

The client is about to have a skin test for an allergic disorder. What critical instruction should the nurse give this client?

Avoid antihistamines and cold preparation's for 48 to 72 hours before the test

Which of the following cell types are involved in humoral immunity?

B lymphocytes

A client who is being treated for complications related to acquired immunodeficiency disorder syndrome (AIDS) is receiving interferon parenterally as adjunctive to therapy. Why does the nurse understand this route is being used?

Digestive enzymes destroy its protein structure

A client with chronic renal failure has begun treatment with a colony stimulating factor. What medication does the nurse anticipate administering to the client don't promote the production of blood cells?

Epoetin Alfa (epogen)

An elderly client is diagnosed with cancer. While reviewing age related changes in the immune system, what does the nurse identify as having contributed to the clients condition?

Failure of lymphocytes to recognize mutant cells

What type of immunoglobulin does the nurse recognize that promotes the release of vasoactive chemicals such as histamine when a client is having an allergic reaction?

IgE

The nurse is aware that during the immune response, pathogens are engulfed by white blood cells that ingest foreign particles. What is this process known as?

Phagocytosis

What is the function of the thymus gland?

Programs T lymphocytes to become regulator or effector T cells.

A client is diagnosed with multiple site cancers and has received whole body irrigation. The nurse is concerned about a compromised immune system in this client for which reason?

Radiation destroys lymphocytes

The nurse is caring for a client with multiple sclerosis. Client education about the disease process includes which explanation about the cause of the disorder?

The Immune system recognizes one's own tissue as "foreign"

The nurse is beginning the physical examination of a client with fatigue. What documentation will the nurse provide to describe this general appraisal of the clients health?

The client appears mildly ill, listless, and disheveled

The nurse is teaching a client who has been diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Which statement correctly describes the process of autoimmunity?

The normal protective immune response attacks the body, damaging tissues

Which statement accurately reflects current stem cell research?

The stem cell is known as a precursor cell that continually replenishes the body's entire supply of both red and white cells

The nursing instructor is discussing the development of human immunodeficiency disease (HIV) with the students. What should the instructor inform the class about helper T cells?

They are activated on recognition of antigens and stimulate the rest of the immune system

A client arrives at the clinic and reports a very sore throat as well as a fever. A rapid strep test returns a positive result and the client is giving a prescription for an antibiotic. How did the streptococcal organism gain access to the client to cause this infection?

Through the mucous membranes of the throat

A client has undergone a kidney transplant. The nurse is concerned about a compromised immune system in this client for which reason?

Use of anti-rejection drugs

A client has had a kidney transplant performed for end stage kidney disease. What type of immune response that T cell lymphocytes perform is related to this type of surgery?

a cell-mediated response

The nurse is caring for a client with renal failure. Which factor indicates a compromised immune system?

a deficiency of circulating lymphocytes

Activation of a natural immunity response is enhanced by physical and chemical barriers. Which of the following is a physical barrier, which the nurse knows can be altered by illness, nutrition, or lifestyle?

cilia of the respiratory tract

This type of T lymphocyte is responsible for altering the cell membrane and initiating cellular lysis. Choose the T lymphocyte.

cytotoxic T cell

An experiment is designed to determine specific cell types involved in cell mediated immune response. The experimenter is interested in finding cells that attack the antigen directly by altering the cell membrane and causing cell lysis. Which cells should be isolated?

cytotoxic T cells

Decades ago, before the role of the tonsils and adenoids was better understood, it was typical after repeated bouts with tonsillitis to have a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Today it is understood that the tonsils and adenoids are lymphoid tissues that:

filter bacteria from tissue fluid

Which of the following protective responses begin with the B lymphocytes?

humoral

A client has had a splenectomy after sustaining serious internal injuries in a motorcycle accident, including a ruptured spleen. Following removal of the spleen, the client will be susceptible to:

infection because the spleen removes bacteria from the blood

A 34-year-old client is diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C. Testing reveals that the client is a candidate for treatment. The nurse anticipates that which therapy could be used to treat the client's condition?

interferon

Which immunoglobulin assumes a major role in bloodborne and tissue infections?

IgG

A client's injury has initiated an immune response that involves inflammation. Which are the first cells to arrive at a site of information? Select all that apply.

neutrophils and macrophages

A nursing instructor is giving a lecture on the immune system. The instructor's discussion on phagocytosis will include:

neutrophils and monocytes

The nurse is caring for a client with a suspected immune system disorder. What test would be ordered if a deficiency or excess of immunoglobulins was suspected?

protein electrophoresis

Which stage of the immune response occurs when the differentiated lymphocytes function and either a humeral or a cellular capacity?

response stage

A 38-year-old client has begun to suffer from rheumatoid arthritis and is being assessed for disorders of the immune system. The client works as an aide at a facility that cares for children infected with AIDS. Which is the most important factor related to the client's assessment?

use of other drugs

At 39 weeks gestation, a pregnant client visits the physician for a scheduled prenatal checkup. The physician determines that the fetus has developed an infection in utero and sends the client for an emergency cesarean delivery. The client is very concerned about the health of her unborn child. Based on knowledge of the immune system, the delivery room nurse explains about which immunoglobulin that will be increased in the fetus at the time of birth and will be actively fighting the infection?

IgG

The nurse notes that an older adult was treated for a wound infection and pneumonia within the last 6 months. which factor with the nurse a tribute to this client illnesses?

Immunosenescence

An elderly client is diagnosed with a respiratory infection. While reviewing age related changes in the immune system, what would the nurse identify as having contributed to this client's infection?

Impaired ciliary action from exposure to environmental toxins

Which medication classification is known to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis or release?

NSAIDS (at large doses)

Which immunity type becomes active as a result of infection by a specific microorganism?

Naturally acquired active immunity

A 20-year-old client cut a hand while replacing a window. While reviewing the complete blood count (CBC) with differential, the nurse would expect which cell type to be elevated first in an attempt to prevent infection in the client's hand?

Neutrophils

A laboring mother asks the nurse if the baby will have immunity to some illnesses when born. what type of immunity does the nurse understand that the newborn will have?

Passive immunity transferred by the mother

Proteins formed when cells are exposed to viral or foreign agents that are capable of activating other components of the immune system are referred to as:

interferons

The body has several mechanisms to fight disease, one of which is sending chemical messengers. The messengers released by lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages have differing roles in the immune response. Which messenger enables cells to resist viral replication and slow viral replication?

interferons

Which of the following is a center for immune cell proliferation?

lymph node

A client is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). After recovering from the initial shock of the diagnosis, the client expresses a desire to learn as much as possible about HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). When teaching the client about the immune system, the nurse states that humoral immunity is provided by which type of white blood cell?

lymphocyte

A patient has enlarged lymph nodes in his neck and a sore throat. This inflammatory response is an example of cellular immune response whereby:

lymphocytes migrate to areas of the lymph node

Immunocompetence is the ability of the immune system to cooperatively protect a person from external invaders and the body's own altered cells. Immunocompetence is maintained by white blood cells and:

lymphoid tissue

The nurse is aware that the phagocytic immune response, one of the body's responses to invasion, involves the ability of cells to ingest foreign particles. which of the following engulfs and destroys invading agents?

macrophages

A 25 year old client receives a knife wound to the leg in a hunting accident. Which type of immunity was compromised?

natural immunity

The nurse understands that which cells circulate throughout the body looking for virus-infected cells and cancer cells?

natural killer cells

A child is brought to the clinic with a rash and is subsequently diagnosed with measles. The parent reports also having had measles as a young child. What type of immunity to measles develops after the initial infection?

naturally acquired active immunity

An adult client has had mumps when the client was a child. The client had a titer prior to entering nursing school and shows immunity. What type of immunity does this reflect?

naturally acquired active immunity