UIUC Psych 238 Quiz 1 (Chs 1,2,3,4)

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stress

any event that triggers the onset of disturbance

dangerousness

behaviors and feelings that are of potential harm

biopsychosocial approach

biological factors, psychological factors, and social factors

reciprocal causality

causality is bidirectional

distress

causes emotional or physical pain

threshold approach

combines categorical and dimensional

predictive validity

concerned with accuracy of predicting future treatment and treatment outcomes

etiological validity

concerned with specific factors that are regularly and perhaps uniquely associated with a particular disorder

reliability

consistency of measurements

equifinality

different causes for same disorder

diathesis

existing vulnerability that precedes stressor

dimensional approach

focuses on amount of a particular characteristic an object possesses levels

syndrome

group of symptoms that tend to co-occur and are assumed to have a common cause

Jerome Wakefield

harmful dysfunction mental disorder only if: results from failure of some internal mechanism causes harm to person

emic perspective

insider

systems theory

integrating perspectives from all paradigms to see how different factors interact to produce mental illness

dysfunction

interferes with person's ability to function in daily life

deviance

leads to judgments of abnormality

comorbidity

manifestation of more than one disorder (at the same time)

validity

measures what its supposed to measure

Thomas Szasz

myth of mental illness problems in living

incidence

number of new cases of a disorder that occur within a population within a specific time period

interactive effect

outcome can be explained by the interaction of the present factors

additive effect

outcome can be explained using present factors

etic perspective

outsider

inter-rater reliability

refers to agreement of raters about observations

categorical approach

reflects difference in kind or quality yes or no

multifinality

same cause but different outcomes

paradigm

set of shared assumptions

risk factors

something that has been shown to prospectively predict a psychopathological outcome

maintenance factors

something that predicts the continuation of symptoms over time among those who are symptomatic

protective factors

something that reduces the effects of a risk factor

zeitgeist

spirit of the times

behavior genetics

study of genetic contributions to the development of normal and abnormal behavior

epidemiology

study of the frequency and distribution of disorders within a population

intern's syndrome

tendency to diagnose one's self while studying any particular disorder

prevalence

total number of active cases (old and new) present in a population at a given time

lifetime prevalence

total number of people in a given population who have been affected by the disorder at some point in their lives

holism

whole: more than the sum of its parts

reductionism

whole: sum of its parts, smaller units


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