UIUC Psych 238 Quiz 1 (Chs 1,2,3,4)
stress
any event that triggers the onset of disturbance
dangerousness
behaviors and feelings that are of potential harm
biopsychosocial approach
biological factors, psychological factors, and social factors
reciprocal causality
causality is bidirectional
distress
causes emotional or physical pain
threshold approach
combines categorical and dimensional
predictive validity
concerned with accuracy of predicting future treatment and treatment outcomes
etiological validity
concerned with specific factors that are regularly and perhaps uniquely associated with a particular disorder
reliability
consistency of measurements
equifinality
different causes for same disorder
diathesis
existing vulnerability that precedes stressor
dimensional approach
focuses on amount of a particular characteristic an object possesses levels
syndrome
group of symptoms that tend to co-occur and are assumed to have a common cause
Jerome Wakefield
harmful dysfunction mental disorder only if: results from failure of some internal mechanism causes harm to person
emic perspective
insider
systems theory
integrating perspectives from all paradigms to see how different factors interact to produce mental illness
dysfunction
interferes with person's ability to function in daily life
deviance
leads to judgments of abnormality
comorbidity
manifestation of more than one disorder (at the same time)
validity
measures what its supposed to measure
Thomas Szasz
myth of mental illness problems in living
incidence
number of new cases of a disorder that occur within a population within a specific time period
interactive effect
outcome can be explained by the interaction of the present factors
additive effect
outcome can be explained using present factors
etic perspective
outsider
inter-rater reliability
refers to agreement of raters about observations
categorical approach
reflects difference in kind or quality yes or no
multifinality
same cause but different outcomes
paradigm
set of shared assumptions
risk factors
something that has been shown to prospectively predict a psychopathological outcome
maintenance factors
something that predicts the continuation of symptoms over time among those who are symptomatic
protective factors
something that reduces the effects of a risk factor
zeitgeist
spirit of the times
behavior genetics
study of genetic contributions to the development of normal and abnormal behavior
epidemiology
study of the frequency and distribution of disorders within a population
intern's syndrome
tendency to diagnose one's self while studying any particular disorder
prevalence
total number of active cases (old and new) present in a population at a given time
lifetime prevalence
total number of people in a given population who have been affected by the disorder at some point in their lives
holism
whole: more than the sum of its parts
reductionism
whole: sum of its parts, smaller units