UNCW GGY230 Quiz 2

When do the Sun's rays hit the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes at the highest angle?

Summer solstice

The Sun is very hot, so it radiates _______ energy and the energy has a _______ wavelength than energy coming from Earth.

more;shorter

The role and amounts of latent heat involved in everyday weather phenomena Phase transitions such as freezing, condensation, and vaporization take place continuously. Identify everyday weather occurrences in terms of these transitions. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.

1. Latent heat released during dew formation is MORE THAN the latent heat required for water to freeze from its liquid state. 2. The latent heat released during rainfall is LESS THAN the latent heat released during snowfall. 3. Latent heat absorbed during evaporation of lake water is SAME AS the latent heat released during fog formation. 4. Latent heat is ABSORBED during glacial melt. 5. Latent heat is RELEASED during frost formation.

The March and September equinoxes At the two equinoxes, Earth's tilt is neither toward nor away from the Sun. As a result, the Sun's declination is at the equator, meaning its rays fall directly there. The circle of illumination passes through the poles, resulting in near-equal days and nights everywhere on Earth, including the North and South Poles, as Figure 2 shows. Figure 2. Sunlight at the Equinoxes March and September Equinoxes On the March equinox, which occurs on March 20 or 21, the Northern Hemisphere experiences spring and the Southern Hemisphere has autumn. On the September equinox, which occurs on September 22 or 23, the reverse is true. After the spring equinox, in either hemisphere, days grow longer until reaching their maximum at the summer solstice. Then, they begin to shorten again until the autumnal equinox when daylength once again is equal to the length of the night. Days continue to shorten after this event until they are at their shortest at the winter solstice. Which of the following are true of equinoxes? Select the three that apply.

12-hour daylength at all latitudes Daylength decreases after autumnal equinox Solar declination at the equator

What is the approximate length of the day in the Wasatch Mountains east of Salt Lake City on March 27, from first light to total darkness?

13 hours

Which of the following materials the best conductor of heat?

A filament in an incandescent light bulb

You remove the pot of boiling hot water and set it on a cooler part of the stove. Which mechanism is responsible for cooling the pot of water?

All of the listed mechanisms cool the pot

Based on the location of the Sun and the North Star, determine the orientation of the Earth's axis at each location. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Labels may be used more than once.

All point slightly upward and towards the north star ( like this \ )

Assuming measurement is done at solar-noon on the equinox, which of the labeled layers A through E would receive the same amount of energy from the Sun as the Sample Location site?

C

On December 22, which placemarked location has a solar-noon Sun angle of 21.5∘?

C

Match the type of heat transfer with its correct definition. Drag the definitions into their respective bins. Each item may be used only once.

Conduction: Movement of heat through a solid Convection: Movement of heat, via the movement of particles Radiation: Movement of heat through space or air

On March 22 and September 22, which placemarked location has a solar-noon Sun angle of 66.5∘?

D

Why does the Northern Hemisphere have warm summers? Choose all that apply.

Days are longer. The Sun's energy is more concentrated.. The north pole is tilted toward the Sun. The Sun's rays hit the ground at a more perpendicular angle.

Which of the following characteristics of Earth's relationship to the Sun explains the existence of Earth's seasons?

Earth's axis always points in the same direction relative to the stars. Earth spins on its axis, completing one rotation each day. Earth orbits around the Sun, completing one orbit each year. Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane.

Which location receives the most sun energy per unit area during the spring equinox?

Equatorial regions

Which location receives the most sun energy per unit area during the winter solstice?

Equatorial regions

When are the Sun's rays perpendicular to Earth's surface at the equator?

March Equinox September Equinox

When do all locations on Earth experience equal lengths of day and night?

March Equinox September Equinox

During which of the following times does Buenos Aires, Argentina receive the same number of hours of sunlight as New York City, USA?

Spring and Fall Equinox

Given the location of the Sun and the tilt of the Earth in the image below, label which of the four locations represents the summer solstice, winter solstice, fall equinox, and spring equinox respectively.

Starting from the top, going clockwise Spring Equinox, Winter Solstice, Fall Equinox, Summer Solstice

What causes it to be colder in the winter and warmer in the summer in the northern hemisphere?

Summer temperatures are warmer because more sun energy per unit area is received during this time.

In which material would convection occur?

The atmosphere

How does the inclination of Earth's axis change over the course of a year?

The inclination of Earth's axis does not change.

In which situation is radiation the most dominant form of heat transfer?

The movement of heat from the sun to the earth

On the June and December solstices, the Sun's declination reaches its northernmost and southernmost extremes. Latitudes beyond the tropics never receive the direct rays of the Sun. The following conditions occur during the June solstice, which takes place annually on June 20 or 21: The North Pole is tilted towards the Sun. The Sun is directly overhead at the Tropic of Cancer, its northernmost declination. The Northern Hemisphere experiences summer, and daylength is at its longest. The Sun never sets at latitudes within the Arctic Circle, even at night, leading to the phenomenon of the "Midnight Sun," or constant light. The reverse occurs in the Southern Hemisphere, where daylength is at its shortest. South of the Antarctic Circle, however, there is constant darkness. Daylength at the equator remains approximately equal to the length of night. The reverse conditions occur during the December solstice, which falls on December 21 or 22: The South Pole is tilted towards the Sun. The Sun's direct rays fall on the Tropic of Capricorn, the southernmost point of declination. The Southern Hemisphere experiences summer and its longest day of the year, and the "Midnight Sun" phenomenon occurs at latitudes within the Antarctic Circle. The Northern Hemisphere experiences the reverse conditions of a winter season, and the longest night of the year. Constant darkness occurs north of the Arctic Circle. Day and night still remain approximately equal at the equator. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Place the blue solstice characteristic labels in the blue targets and the pink solstice name labels in the pink targets. The yellow lines, of course, represent the Sun's rays.

Top from left to right: Longer nights, shorter days Sun's declination, summer, northern hemisphere Midnight sun Sun's declination, summer, southern hemisphere equal days, nights Bottom from left to right: June solstice December solstice

During which of the following times does the North Pole receive no hours of sunlight?

Winter Solstice

How is temperature defined?

a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules in a substance

Where does the length of day remain the same throughout the year?

at the equator

Scattering of sunlight off of air molecules during the middle of the day causes the sky to look _______.

blue

You are boiling a pot of water on an electric stove. The pot sits directly on the heating coil and is primarily heated by _____.

conduction

Condensation is a phase change from _______ to _______, which _______ the surrounding air.

gas; liquid; warms

________ is defined as the fraction of incoming sunlight that is reflected back to space.

planetary albedo

Latent heat and tropical cyclones When ocean and sea surfaces heat up sufficiently, evaporation occurs. The warm vapor rises into the atmosphere, then cools and condenses, releasing its stored latent heat. Existing storms and tropical cyclones—which are called hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean and typhoons in the Pacific and Indian oceans—gather up the released heat, which gives them greater energy and strength. Higher values of latent heat of evaporation indicate greater evaporation per unit area. This in turn signals the release of greater amounts of latent heat when condensation occurs. Therefore, latent heat of evaporation is one factor affecting the strength of tropical cyclones—the higher the values of latent heat of evaporation, the more powerful a storm. The map shows isolines indicating areas with the same values of latent heat of evaporation across the globe. Isolines, which are very useful in geographic and geologic studies, join areas of the same value, such as height or heat. Assume that latent heat of evaporation is the only determining factor affecting cyclone strength, and that all target areas experience cyclones. The key below the map provides a general idea of the range of latent heat of evaporation within which a target area falls—for example, the deepest blue indicates latent heat of evaporation between 15 and 25 watts per square meter. Compare the isoline values indicating the amount of latent heat of evaporation around each target area to identify the following: The target area that is most likely to experience the strengthening of cyclones The target area that is second most likely to experience the strengthening of cyclones The target area that is third most likely to experience the strengthening of cyclones The target area that is least likely to experience the strengthening of cyclones Note that you will use the value of the isolines and not the color on the maps to help determine the relative strengths of cyclones. This is because a single color code on the map represents a range of isoline values. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

starting from top right and going clockwise: most likely to strengthen cyclones least likely to strengthen cyclones third most likely to strengthen cyclones second most likely to strengthen cyclones

You go camping in Canada with a friend. You both go to bed when the Sun goes down and get up when the Sun comes up, but you both notice that you are not getting enough sleep! What time of year are you most likely near?

summer solstice

What is the December solstice?

the time of the year when Earth's geographic North Pole is leaning most directly away from the Sun

What is the June solstice?

the time of the year when Earth's geographic North Pole is leaning most directly toward the Sun