Understanding Research Methods Test #3 (Topics 14, 18, 22, 23)

Is it desirable to point out major trends and commonalities in the results of previous research?

Yes

Is the following in-text citation correctly formatted in APA style for the first citation of a source with six authors?

Yes

Is the following in-text citation correctly formatted in APA style for the second citation of a source with six authors?

Yes

Is the following sentence an example of a parenthetical in-text citation? (Q1, Topic 22)

Yes

Is it desirable to point out gaps in the research?

Yes, the purpose of research is usually based upon gaps found in the literature

When should quotations only be used?

(1) presenting especially well-crafted definitions of key terms, (2) presenting concepts that are explained especially well with a particular set of word, and (3) clarifying differences of opinion in the literature when seeing that the differences in wording might help readers to understand the issues involved

Seven elements contained in reference to Adams' journal article

1. Author's name inverted. Only initials are used for first and middle names 2. Year of publication enclosed in parenthesis 3. Title of journal article (no quotation marks) 4. Title of journal in italics 5. Volume number in italics 6. Issue numbers are almost always omitted in APA style 7. Page numbers

What can be placed at the end of a review to help readers grasp the whole of the literature review?

A brief summary

Reference list

A full bibliographic reference for each in-text citation; placed at the end of the manuscript

Second Possiblity: Modified Replication

A replication with some major modifications, such as examining a new population or using an improved measurement technique

Second Additional Benefit

A researcher may be able to identify and avoid dead ends

First Additional Benefit

A researcher may identify measuring tools (instruments) that were used successfully by other researchers; may also identify seriously flawed measures, which can be avoided

When planning research which some come first? A. Identify a broad problem area B. Develop a testable hypothesis or research problem

A, identify a broad problem area

Benefits for students

Allows students to demonstrate to instructors, thesis committee members, and others that they were able to locate research relevant to their research purposes and write critical reviews that synthesize what is know about a topic

In a reference for a source that has two authors, what word or symbol should be placed between the two author's names?

Ampersand (&)

Why should direct quotations be used sparingly?

Break the flow of the presentation

How can a researcher use a review of literature to help justify a study they have undertaken?

By writing a well-crafted review of research that shows readers the context within which the researcher was working

What does DOI stand for?

Digital Object Identifier

DOI

Digital Object Identifier; unique case number assigned to each journal article

What to avoid

Extensive, detailed descriptions of the research methodology used in each study. Main exception: when writer of the review wants to document a particular weakness in a study being cited or when the details of the methodology might help to explain why two studies on the same topic arrived at substantially different results

According to this topic, students would be wise to try to find a creative, new research idea to explore in their first research. True or false?

False

An effective literature review should consist solely of a set of critical summaries of individual studies. True or False?

False, should write a synthesis of whole picture being presented

First step of Literature review

Identifying a broad problem area, practical or theoretical

When would it be appropriate to devote one or more paragraphs to describing a particular author's written work?

When the work is central to one or more points being made in the literature review

Suppose a researcher conducted a replication of a study but used a sample from a population different from the one used in the first study. What type of replication did the researcher conduct?

Modified Replication

Are there any errors in the following parenthetical in-text citation in APA style for a source with one author that is being quoted?

No

Should the methodology employed in each of the studies cited in a review be described in detail?

No

Should the researcher be surprised to find conflicting results in the research literature on a given topic?

No

In terms of APA style, what is wrong with the following reference for a journal article? (Q7)

No quotation marks for title, Edition needs to be in parenthesis,

Is the following in-text citation correctly formatted in APA style for a source with two authors? (Q3, Topic 22)

No, "and"' should be replaced with an ampersand (&)

Is the following sentence an example of a parenthetical in-text citation? (Q2, Topic 22)

No, this is an example of non-parenthetical in-text citation

Which type of in-text citation emphasizes content rather than authorship?

Parenthetical

Third Possibility

Plan a study designed to resolve a conflict

Synthesis

Providing a whole picture of what is known and what is not know as well as an attempt to show how diverse pieces of information fit together and make sense

Second Step

Researcher examines the literature about problem area.

Third Additional Benefit

Researchers can get ideas on how to organize and write research reports by paying careful attention to the style and organization used by previous researchers

First possbility after examining literature: a Replication or a Strict Replication

Researchers try to mimic the original study in all important respects because the purpose of a strict replication is to see if the same types of results as those of the original study will be obtained

One or two authors

Should be cited same way each time

What to do when there are major discrepancies in results

Should be pointed out, and possible explanations for the discrepancies should be noted. Should also point our gaps in the literature

Using direct quotes

Should include page number(s) in the in-text citation

In terms of APA style, what is wrong with the following reference for a journal article? (Q5)

Should not have quotation marks around title of journal article, missing DOI

In terms of APA style, what is wrong with the following reference for a journal article? (Q6)

Should not have quotation marks around title of journal article, missing DOI, missing volume number

In terms of APA style, what is wrong with the following reference for a journal article? (Q4)

Should not have quotation marks around title of journal article, no DOI

What is the full title of the style guide discussed in this topic?

The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association

Non-parenthetical in-text citations

The authors' last names become part of a sentence, while the year of publication remains parenthetical

What does a well-crafted review of research show?

The context within which the researcher was working; justify a study if literature is used to establish the importance of a research topic and to show how the research being reported on flows from previously published research

Thee to five authors

The first time the authors are cited, all names are used. Then, in subsequent citations, only the first author's last name followed by "et al." us used.

In journal article, the literature review is usually integrated into which part of the article?

The introduction

Parenthetical i-text citation

The last name of the author being cited and the year of publication are placed in parentheses at the end of a sentence in the text

Key to creating synthesis

To write a review that moves from subtopic to subtopic, while citing whatever studies are relevant for each topic. To further the creation of a synthesis, writer should explicitly point out major trends and commonalities in the results of previous research

A key to creating a synthesis is to write a review that moves from subtopic to subtopic. True or False?

True

Six or more authors

Use "et al." the first and all subsequent times the source is cited

Describe a paragraph with a hanging indent

When a paragraph has its second line and all subsequent lines indented from the left margin

Hanging indent

When a paragraph has its second line and all subsequent lines indented from the left margin