Unit 1

Which of the following trophic levels represents a primary producer in an aquatic food chain?

Phytoplankton

The direction of an arrow in a food chain represents

the flow of energy from organism A to B

Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest net primary productivity? -Desert -Tropical Rainforest -taiga -savanna

tropical rainforest

Living is a sustainable way refers to

using resources in a way that does not deprive future generations

A positive feedback occurs

when feedback into a system increases the rate of response

The net annual primary productivity of a particular wetland ecosystem is found to be 8000 kcal/m2 per year. If respiration by the aquatic producers is 12000 kcal/m2 per year. What is the gross annual primary productivity for this ecosystem, in kcal/m2 per year?

20000

Which one of the following are examples of wetlands?

-bogs -marshes -swamps

What factors are used to classify a biome?

-distinctive plants adapted to an area -average temperature -average precipitation

Based on the second law of thermodynamics, how much biomass of phytoplankton would be needed to produce 1 kilogram (kg) of large fish in this food web?

1,000kg

A temperate grassland biome has a gross primary productivity of 3,480kilocalories/meter2/year and a net primary productivity of 2,000kilocalories/meter2/year. Which of the following is the approximate number of kilocalories/meter2/year available to herbivores in that biome?

200kilocalories/meter2/year200kilocalories/meter2/year

Which box represents a carbon sink that holds carbon compounds for the shortest period of time?

A

Which of the following types of organisms are required to complete the nitrogen cycle, including the process of denitrification?

Bacteria

In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 4*C and 50 cm of precipitation annually?

Boreal forest

Based on the food web shown above, which of the following correctly describes the flow of energy through the trophic levels from producers to quaternary consumers?

Brittlebush, grasshopper, grasshopper mouse, rattlesnake, red-tailed hawk

This rate of reaction can be measured in the dark by determining the amount of oxygen gas consumed in a period of time.

Cellular respiration

The cattle egret follows herds of cattle and eat the insects that the cattle stir up as they move through the grassland. The cattle appear to be unaffected by the egrets. This is a _________ type of relationship.

Commensalism

An experiment is designed to determine if wheat grows better when it is planted alone or with clover. The design calls for 3 pans of each experiment. Pans A, B, and C contain only wheat. Pans D, E, and F contain clover and wheat planted in alternating rows. Each pan contains a total of 100 seeds. All treatments contain the same type of soil, are planted in the same pan, are exposed to the same amount of sunlight, and are maintained at the same temperature throughout the course of the experiment. The treatment plants with only wheat are the

Control

This biome is found in shallow waters off the coastline and is Earth's most biologically diverse marine biome.

Coral reefs

Which of the boxes represents a carbon source?

D

Which best describes the concept of primary production?

Energy captured minus the energy lost

This biome contains a nutrient-rich environment created by falling leaves and trapped organic materials from the large trees, and it provides the ecosystem service of filtering pollutants from water.

Freshwater wetlands

Which of the following smaller reservoirs of freshwater are missing from the diagram?

Ice caps

Energy is transferred along food chains from one stage to the next. Which statement best explains how the energy is transferred?

If a primary producer stores 10,000kcal10,000kcal of energy, then a tertiary consumer will have 10kcal10kcal of energy available

Which trophic level has the least available energy in kilojoules in this food web?

Killer whale

In reef ecosystems, corals often have microalgae living inside them. The algae supply the corals with nutrients, and the coral give shelter to the algae. Which of the following interactions best describes the relationship between the corals and the algae?

Mutalism

The energy available to consumers determined by subtracting the energy used by plants from the total energy transformed by the process of photosynthesis

Net primary productivity

Which of the following pathways indicate nitrogen is added to the soil by converting nitrogen to ammonia?

Nitrifying bacteria and lightning

Which of the following processes is illustrated by the downward arrows from the atmosphere that show the conversion of nitrogen gas into usable forms available to producers?

Nitrogen Fixation

Which is NOT considered an example of a natural capital?

Plastic bottles

Which of the following best describes the flow of energy in most terrestrial and near-surface marine ecosystems?

Producers use energy from the sun to make organic matter, such as sugars, from carbon dioxide and water and are then consumed by organisms higher in the food chain.

This freshwater biome is characterized by fast-flowing water that can originate from underground springs or runoff, which carries sediment and organic material.

Rivers

What law best related energy loss within an ecosystem?

Second law of thermodynamics

In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 10*C and 200 cm of precipitation annually?

Temperate rainforest

Terrestrial biomes are defined by _____________ and _____________.

Temperature ; precipitation

Which of the following best identifies a key component of the hydrologic cycle that powers the movement of water and is missing from the diagram?

The Sun

The majority of the nitrogen on Earth can be found in which of the following reservoirs?

The atmosphere

Which of the following best describes what is represented by the arrows in the food web?

The flow of energy

Which of the following describes the most likely change to terrestrial biomes resulting from warmer average global temperatures?

The global distribution of midlatitude biomes, such as grasslands and temperate rain forests, would increase.

Which of the following statements is best supported by the diagram of the phosphorus cycle?

The phosphates absorbed by animal tissue through consumption eventually return to the soil.

The diagram above best illustrates major processes in which of the following biogeochemical cycles?

The phosphorus cycle

Six white-tailed deer and six sika deer were enclosed in a pasture for observation during an eight-year study in central Texas. White-tailed deer are a native species to central Texas, while sika deer are a nonnative species to central Texas. White-tailed deer feed on flowering plants and the tips of trees and shrubs but do not eat grass. Sika deer feed on flowering plants, the tips of trees and shrubs, and grass. All other grazing animals were kept out of the pasture during the study. The number of sika deer more than doubled after the eight years, while the population of white-tailed deer decreased by 50 percent. Which of the following statements best supports the results from the study?

The sika deer out competed the white-tailed deer in consuming flowering plants and shrubs.

Farmers in a suburban coastal town started using no-till agriculture, a practice that reduces soil erosion from their farmland. Use the image above to determine which of the following long-term effects no-till agriculture will have on the ecosystem surrounding the farmland.

There will be less algal growth in the nearby ocean.

Which biome has warm temperatures, high precipitation, and little seasonal variation due to its location near the equator?

Tropical Rainforest

Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest primary productivity per unit area? -desert -tropical rainforest -boreal forest -savannah

Tropical rainforest

Which biome is characterized by the presence of permafrost?

Tundra

Which of the following best describes an example of resource partitioning in an ecosystem?

Two different bird species feed from the same oak tree; one eats acorns, and the other eats insects in the bark.

Which of the following best describes a terrestrial ecosystem that will have the highest net primary productivity?

Warm temperatures, high rainfall, and consistent sunlight

Based on the diagram, which of the following statements about the hydrologic cycle is true?

Water from the ocean evaporates and condenses in the atmosphere.

A keystone species is best defined as

an organism that keeps the food web stable

What is an omnivore?

eats both plants and meat

All the follow is true about a niche generalist EXCEPT

feeds on specific food only

The total rate of photosynthesis in a given area.

gross primary productivity

An ecological footprint considers

how much an individual consumes in terms of land area

An ecosystem is a location on Earth that includes

interacting biotic and abiotic components

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

is increasing due to fossil fuel use

What is a herbivore?

only eats plants

Which of the following biogeochemical cycles includes the processes of buffering ocean pH and photosynthesis, as shown in the diagram?

the carbon cycle

A tapeworm lives in the small intestines where it feeds and grows, robbing the human of essential nutrients. This is a ____________ type of relationship.

Parasitism