Unit 1 heavily tested items- JBL tests

A 42 year old female patient reports severe upper right quadrant abdominal pain. They share that the pain began about two hours after they ate a burger and fries for lunch. Based on this information, you suspect that the patient is experiencing.

cholecystitis

When caring for an unresponsive, clinically unstable patient symptomatic bradycardia, what is the most immediate priority?

Ensure adequate ventilation and oxygenation

Adrenal insufficiency is characterized by decreased function of the adrenal cortex and consequence underproduction of which of the following

Cortisol and aldosterone

Upon assessing a patient, you notice that the patient exhibits a "buffalo hump" and moderate acne. Based on these findings, you suspect that the patient has which of the following conditions.

Cushing syndrome

A QRS complex with a duration of how many seconds or more signifies abnormal ventricular conduction

0.12

A difference greater than how many millimeters is worth noting when assessing the equality of pupil size

1.0

A patient is found in the decerebrate posturing position. What score would you assign the motor activity using the GCS scale

2

Hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose levels drop below which level

45

Depolarization occurs when

cell wall permeability changes and sodium rushes into the cell.

In an unresponsive patient, trismus can indicate

cerebral hypoxia

A loud S3 heart sound, when heard in older adults, often signifies:

heart failure

Blood tinged sputum can be caused by

heart failure

A patient reports that they have been experiencing diarrhea for three days. They tell you that they have also been experiencing muscle weakness and cramps. Based on these symptoms, you suspect that the patient is experiencing which electrolyte imbalance.

hyponatremia

A patient with orthopnea

seeks a sitting position when short of breath.

The peripheral nervous system is responsible for

sending messages to and receiving messages from the brain.

Quit tachypnea suggests possible

shock

EKG monitoring of a patient with a suspected urologic emergency is especially important because of

the potential for electrolyte imbalances and their effect on the heart

Atrial kick is defined as:

the volume of blood that the atria contract to the ventricles

Diaphoresis is usually a sign of severe distress in patients who are experiencing

thyrotoxicosis

In patients with chronic kidney disease, it is most important that you frequently assess, which of the following

Mental status

A patient reports that their chest discomfort begins in the center of their chest and radiates to their back. Based on this information, you suspect that the patient may have.

acute aortic dissection

A patient shares that they are having difficulty breathing. When you ask how long they have been experiencing this symptom, the patient tells you that they have noticed it over the last month. They also share that it occurs most upon exertion. You suspect the patient may be exhibit, signs of a:

acute pulmonary embolism

Myelin functions by

allowing the neuron to send its signal consistently along the axon without losing its electricity.

A 26 year old female female, patient reports bloating and moderate abdominal pain that is relieved by a bowel movement. The patient shares that they were recently diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome, and you suspect that they are experiencing a flare up of the condition. Pre-Hospital management should include..

analgesia

Bilateral pitting edema may be a sign of

Right ventricular failure (RVF)

The right atrium, right ventricle, and part of the left ventricle are supplied by

Right coronary artery

cor pulmonale is defined as

Right sided heart failure secondary to chronic lung disease

Diabetes is defined as

a metabolic disorder in which the body's ability to metabolize simple carbohydrates is impaired.

Most urinary tract infections

occur in women due to the relatively short urethra and its close proximity to the vagina and rectum.

You should consider air medical transportation for a stroke patient if you are more than how many minutes away from a stroke center

60

A person who experiences sharp chest pain followed by increasing dyspnea after coughing, likely has

A pneumothorax

A decrease in the bodies water content triggers the release of

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which of the following conditions would likely cause the blood pressure to vary between the left and right arm?

Aortic aneurysm

When responding to a patient with G.I. distress in their home, you examine their stool and notice that it is black, tarry, sticky, and very odorous. You would suspect that the patient is experiencing.

Bleeding from the upper G.I. tract

A high level of oxygen to the brain of a patient with a hemorrhagic stroke and increased intracranial pressure

Causes vasoconstriction and can impair brain perfusion

A patient presents with a barrel chest, muscle wasting, and pursed lip breathing. These symptoms are a sign of which condition?

Emphysema

Which of the following symptoms would you expect to assess in a patient who is bleeding from the large intestine?

Hematochezia

You should suspect which of the following conditions if the patient has muscle weakness, and tall peaked T waves on the EKG

Hyperkalemia

Which of the following is the leading preventable cause of strokes and TIA's

Hypertension

Bradycardia and hypotension following and over aggressive dialysis treatment are indicative of

Hypokalemia

The most immediate and significant complication associated with a hemorrhagic stroke is

Increased intracranial pressure

Hypokalemia impacts cardiac function in which of the following way?

Increased myocardial irritability

A patient with pancreatitis would most likely present with pain that

Is localized to the epigastric area and may radiate to the back

A persons level of consciousness is regulated by the

Reticular activating system

Which condition is characterized by a P wave with an amplitude higher than 2.5 mm in lead II and/ or higher than 1.5 mm in lead V1?

Right atrial abnormality

A 72 year old, patient reports intense pain that starts in the flank and migrates towards the groin. Their blood pressure is elevated and they are tachycardic. Since the patient is older, recognize that these symptoms can lead to

Myocardial infarction

A patient reports a constant and continual slow flow of urine. You understand that overflow and continents may be caused by which of the following conditions

Nerve damage from diabetes

Difficulty with exhalation is most characteristic of

Obstructive lung disease

Unstable angina

Often awakens the patient from his or her sleep

A patient reports a constant dull, epigastric pain that worsens when they are in the supine position. After collecting the patient's vitals, you record that the patient is experiencing a fever and tachycardia. You recognize that these symptoms are most likely a sign of.

Pancreatitis

Which condition may produce ST segment elevation, mimicking acute myocardial infarction

Pericarditis

Patients with pneumonia often experience a coughing fit when they roll over from one side to the other because

Pneumonia often occurs in the lung bases, typically on only one side

Which of the following clinical presentations is most consistent with thyrotoxicosis

Severe tachycardia, fever, nausea, vomiting, and confusion

More than half of all cases of chronic kidney disease are caused by

Systemic diseases, such as diabetes

The most common cause of addisonian crisis is

abrupt termination of corticosteroid use.

A dehydrated patient who is hemodynamically stable should receive

a hypotonic solution at 125mL/hr

The pain associated with a kidney stone most often

begins in the flank region and radiates to the groin.

Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism include

bradycardia and sluggish reflexes.

A patient with which condition is likely to describe that their pain tends to increase with bending over or laying supine

esophagitis

The bodies immediate response to mild hypoxemia is

increased heart rate

Unlike peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis:

involves the circulation of blood through a machine.

A prolonged QT interval indicates that the heart

is experiencing an extended refractory period, making the ventricles more vulnerable to dysrhythmias.

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea may be a sign of

left sided heart failure

Hepatic encephalopathy is a condition in which

liver disease causes reduced brain function.

A 52 year old man complains of severe abdominal pain, but denies nausea or vomiting. He is conscious and alert, has a blood pressure of 130/70, a HR of 120, and a RR of 20. You should administer.

meperidine hydrochloride

A patient with type two diabetes reports an increased appetite. In your assessment notes, you record that the patient is exhibiting.

polyphagia

Hypotension, tachycardia, dizziness, and thirst are signs and symptoms of which type of acute kidney injury

prerenal

A patient's peripheral pulses become extremely weak during inhalation. This is called.

pulses paradoxus