Unit 1 : Lesson 3
Nicholas Copernicus
Polish priest, astronomer, and mathematician who theorized that the sun—not the Earth—was the center of the universe, which challenged church teachings
Who believed that people are born free and surrender their freedom for the good of society?
Rousseau
What major idea about government was challenged by the Scientific Revolution?
Rule by divine right
Why did Montesquieu leave his hereditary position on the court of appeals of the Bordeaux Parliament?
to explore the spirit of the law
Why was James II considered a tyrant?
He instituted Catholic practices.
Which is considered Voltaire's most famous work?
candide
Which most accurately describes what happens in a democratic republic?
citizens elect representatives who act on their behalf in the governing body
In his famous work Candide, Voltaire disparages what institutions for persecuting citizens?
the government and the church
Who was an English philosopher, writer, statesman, and scientist who championed the use of the scientific method and reason to explain natural phenomena?
Bacon
Francis Bacon
English philosopher, writer, statesman, and scientist—among many other things—who championed the use of the scientific method and reason to explain natural phenomenon
The Federal Council is which branch of the Swiss government?
Excecutive
Switzerland's _[blank]_ and _[blank]_ provide an interesting example of participatory democracy.
Federal Council // Federal Assembly
Rene Descartes
French philosopher and mathematician who further championed the use of the scientific method and reason to explain natural phenomena and advocated the idea of the clockmaker deity
James II was overthrown during the _____
Glorious Revolution
Gallileo Galilei
Italian astronomer and mathematician who observed evidence of Copernicus's theory of a heliocentric universe
What is the most relevant reason for the English Bill of Rights including a provision to protect the right of citizens to bear arms?
James II had created laws restricting the right of Protestants to bear arms, while allowing Catholics to be armed.
The Swiss Federal Council reflects the system of governance promoted by the theology of which leader?
John Calvin
Many Europeans reasoned that if the universe was something similar to a(n) _[blank]_ operating on its own, then perhaps human government is the same. Which option correctly completes the sentence?
Large machine
How did the discoveries of the Scientific Revolution threaten the monarchy in Europe?
Your answer should include the idea that the Earth not being the center of the universe and operating on its own, like a large machine, placed in jeopardy such beliefs as rule by divine right. Also, the scientific method and mechanistic perspective of the universe helped give rise to rational contracts, such as constitutions, based on agreements between the governed and their governor.
In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu lays out a system for what type of government?
a three-branch government
Galileo was an Italian astronomer who observed evidence of what type of universe?
heliocentric // excomunication
While working for the Earl of Shaftsbury, John Locke wrote the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, which established what ideas?
religious freedom // a representative democracy
What ideas were brought forth by John Locke's Two Treatises of Civil Government?
social contract // natural rights
Which of these was a catalyst for the Scientific Revolution?
the Renaissance
