Unit 1 Mission Planning
What are the functional commands?
-The United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) ‐The United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) ‐The United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) ‐The United States Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM)
What are the Geographic Combatant Commands?
-United States Africa Command (USAFRICOM) ‐United States Central Command (USCENTCOM) ‐United States European Command (USEUCOM) ‐United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) ‐United States Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM) ‐United States Indo-Pacific Command(USINDOPACOM)
The COA meets this condition if it balances the cost and risk with the advantage gained.
Acceptable
affirmed, or made known to others but it's details are classified
Acknowledged SAP
protects sensitive research, development, testing and evaluation, modification, or procurement activities
Acquisition SAP
The COA meets this condition if it can accomplish the mission within the commander's guidance. Preliminary tests include: ‐Does it accomplish the mission? ‐Does it meet the commander's intent? ‐Does it accomplish all the essential tasks? ‐Does it meet the conditions for the end state?
Adequate
This type of SAP is formally included in the Integrated Joint Special Technical Operations (IJSTO) Process for CC use during deliberate planning, crisis action response or operational employment
Apportioned SAP
A series of related major operations aimed at achieving strategic and operational objectives within a given time and space. Are often the most extensive joint operations in terms of time and other resources.
Campaigns
Planning for a _____________ are appropriate when contemplated military operations exceed the scope of a single major operation.
Campaigns
Provides full authority for a CCDR to perform those functions of command over assigned forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction over all aspects of military operations, joint training (or in the case of USSOCOM, training of assigned forces), and logistics necessary to accomplish the missions assigned to the command.
Combatant Command (COCOM)
The command authority over assigned forces vested only in the commanders of CCMDs by Title 10, USC, Section 164 and cannot be delegated or transferred.
Combatant Command (COCOM)
Perform a broad continuing mission under a single commander.
Combatant(Unified) Commands
Does it answer the questions who, what, where, when, how, and why? The COA must incorporate: ‐Objectives, desired effects to be created, and tasks to be performed. ‐Major forces required. ‐Concepts for deployment, employment, and sustainment. ‐Time estimates for achieving objectives. Military end state and mission success criteria (including the assessment: how the commander will know they have achieved success).
Complete
Intended to identify the source of a threat to the DODIN and use non-intrusive techniques to stop or mitigate offensive activity in cyberspace.
Countermeasures
is a potential way (solution, method) to accomplish the assigned mission. A good ____ accomplishes the mission within the commander's guidance, provides flexibility to meet unforeseen events during execution, and positions the joint force for future operations.
Course of Action (COA)
Planning has less than six months to be accomplished. Could be so time critical, or a single COA so obvious, that the first written directive might be a DEPORD or an EXORD.
Crisis Action Planning
Organized from USCYBERCOM forces and deployed to CCMDs. Facilitate development of cyberspace requirements and coordinate, integrate, and deconflict CO into the command's planning process.
Cyber Support Element (CSE)
Provide CCMDs an interface and reachback capability to USCYBERCOM. Submit target development nominations to the supported CCMD for inclusion into candidate target lists.
Cyber Support Element (CSE)
Authorized defensive actions which are taken external to the DODIN in defeat ongoing or imminent threats.
DCO Response Actions (DCO-RA)
are actions taken to design, build, configure, secure, operate, maintain, and sustain DOD communications systems and networks in a way that creates and preserves data availability, integrity, confidentiality, as well as user/entity authentication and non-repudiation.
DODIN operations
Preserve the ability to utilize friendly cyberspace capabilities and protect data,networks, net-centric capabilities, and other designated systems. Also, includes outmaneuvering adversaries taking or about to take offensive actions against defended networks, or otherwise responding to internal and external cyberspace threats.
Defensive Cyberspace Operations (DCO)
Planning developed in noncrisis situations in support of future events. Planning has six or more months to be accomplished.
Deliberate Planning
what are the five goals of OCO?
Deny, Degrade, Disrupt, Destroy , Manipulate (4DM)
The COA meets this condition if it is sufficiently different from other COAs in the following: ‐The focus or direction of main effort. ‐The scheme of maneuver. ‐Sequential versus simultaneous maneuvers. ‐The primary mechanism for mission accomplishment. ‐Task organization.
Distinguishable
shall be established and maintained when absolutely necessary to protect the most sensitive DoD capabilities, information, technologies, and operations or when required by statute.
DoD SAPs
develops and implements policies and procedures for oversight management, execution, administration, SAP security, information assurance, and records management for their SAP
DoD Special Access Program Central Office (DoD SAPCO)
provides leadership with options that offer the highest probability for success at acceptable risk and enables the efficient use of limited resources, including time, to achieve objectives in this global environment.
Effective planning
The COA meets this condition if it can accomplish the mission within the established time, space, and resource limitations
Feasible
Once COAs are developed, planners must test the COA validity using the following crtieria :
Feasible, Adequate, Acceptable, Distinguishable, and complete (FAAD-C)
The level of war at which a nation's military services develop material and non-material capabilities, to include technology and people to execute the tactical, operational, and strategic level warfare
Institutional Level of Warfare
The overarching formal process and management of SAPs.
Integrated Joint Special Technical Operations (IJSTO)
protect planning and execution of especially sensitive intelligence or CI operations/collection activities
Intelligence SAP
What are the three types of DCO?
Internal Defenseive Measure, DCO-RA, and Countermeasures
Conducted within the DODIN. Include ACTIVELY hunting for advanced internal threats
Internal Defensive Measures
Characterized as a violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant population(s).
Irregular Warfare
What Directorate is required to synchronize and coordinate personnel. Support efforts with Service components and functional components. Establish and publish policies, procedures, and standards to accomplish personnel visibility in the environment.
J-1: Manpower and Personnel Directorate
This Directorate efforts are driven by the CC's need for a holistic understanding of the operational environment. Both Department of Defense (DOD) and non-DOD intelligence agencies and organizations provide assistance to the this directorate in support of activities and operations within the environment.
J-2: Intelligence Directorate
Assists the commander in directing and controlling operations. Typically in concert with the higher HQ and JTF components' operations directorates, plans, coordinates, and integrates operations.
J-3: Operations Directorate
This Directorate helps the JFC manage the provision of logistics to the joint force. The ultimate goal is for logistics planners to develop a feasible, supportable, and efficient concept of logistic support and to be able to identify risks to the execution of the concept of operations (CONOPS).
J-4: Logistics Directorate
The deliberate process of determining how to use military capabilities in time and space to achieve objectives while considering the associated risks.
Joint Planning Process
identifies military options the President can integrate with other instruments of national power to achieve those national objectives.
Joint Planning Process
is an orderly, analytical set of logical steps to frame a problem; examine a mission; develop, analyze, and compare alternative COAs; select the best COA; and produce a plan or order.
Joint Planning Process
Begins when an appropriate authority recognizes potential for military capability to be employed in support of national objectives or in response to a potential or actual crisis.Additionally, analyses of the operational environment or developing or immediate crises may result in the President, SecDef, or CJCS directing military planning through a planning directive.
Joint Planning Process Step 1: Planning Initiation
During what Phase of the Joint Planning Process are the following questions asked: -What is the purpose of the mission received? -What tasks must my command do for the mission to be accomplished? -Will the mission achieve the desired results? -What limitations have been placed on my own forces' actions? -What forces/assets are needed to support my operation? -How will I know when the mission is accomplished successfully?
Joint Planning Process Step 2: Mission Analysis
The following are typical componets of what phase of the Joint Planning Proccess? ‐Operational Environment ‐Available forces ‐Timeline -Sustainment concept ‐Synchronization efforts ‐Risk ‐Main and supporting efforts
Joint Planning Process Step 3: Course of Action Development
This phase of the Joint Planning Proccess describes, in broad but clear terms, what is to be done throughout the campaign or operation, the size of forces deemed necessary, time in which joint force capabilities need to be brought to bear, and the risks associated.
Joint Planning Process Step 3: Course of Action Development
is the process of closely examining potential COAs to reveal details that will allow the commander and staff to tentatively identify COAs that are valid and identify the advantages and disadvantages of each proposed friendly COA.
Joint Planning Process Step 4: Analysis and Wargaming
facilitates the commander's decision-making process by balancing the ends, means, ways, and risk of each COA
Joint Planning Process Step 5: COA Comparison
is a subjective process whereby COAs are considered independently and evaluated/compared against a set of criteria that are established by the staff and commander
Joint Planning Process Step 5: COA Comparison
The staff determines the preferred COA to recommend to the commander. The staff briefs the commander on the COA comparison, COA analysis, and wargaming results. The briefing should include a review of important supporting information such as the current status of the forces, the current intelligence, and assumptions used in COA development.
Joint Planning Process Step 6: COA Approval
During what Phase of the JPP is A Concept of Operations (CONOPS) generated that clearly and concisely expresses what the CC intends to accomplish and how it will be done using available resources. It describes how the actions of the joint force components and supporting organizations will be integrated, synchronized, and phased to accomplish the mission, including potential branches and sequels to the plan
Joint Planning Process Step 7: Plan or Order Development
Defines the interior or exterior orientation of the force in relation to the enemy or describes connects actions on nodes and/or decisive points related in time and space to an objective(s)
LINES OF OPERATIONS (LOOs)
The task, together with the purpose, that clearly indicates the action to be taken and the reason therefore. The Who, What, Where, When, and Why?
MIssions
are cyberspace operations intended to project power by the application of force in and through cyberspace. They will be authorized via an execute order (EXORD). They require deconflictionin accordance with (IAW) current policies.
Offensice Cyberspace Operations (OCO)
A sequence of tactical actions with a common purpose or unifying theme. May entail the process of carrying on combat, including movement, supply, attack, defense, and maneuvers needed to achieve the objective of any battle or campaign.
Operation
The command authority that may be exercised by commanders at any echelon at or below the level of CCMD and may be delegated within the command. Is able to be delegated from a lesser authority than COCOM. Does not include authoritative direction for logistics or matters of administration, discipline, internal organization, or unit training.
Operational Control (OPCON)
This type of Joint planning provides the ties to the training, mobilization, deployment, employment, sustainment, redeployment, and demobilization of joint forces to the achievement of military objectives that contribute to the achievement of national security objectives in the service of enduring national interests.
Operational Level Planning
Links strategy and tactics by establishing operational objectives needed to achieve the military end states and strategic objectives. Focused on planning and execution using operational art.
Operational Level of Warfare
This SAP protects the planning for, execution of, and support to especially sensitive military operations
Operations & Support SAP
The _____ can endorse apportionment into or de-apportionment out of IJSTO
Oversight authority (OA)
When a SAP is entered into IJSTO it must be reported in the __________ to congress until it is removed
SAP annual report
When suggesting action against/related to a SAP, the DoD SAPCO forwards a request of approval to the
SecDef or Deputy SecDef
is the principal assistant to the President in all matters relating to DOD. All functions in DOD and its component agencies are performed under the authority, direction, and control of SecDef
Secretary of Defense (SecDef)
What two levels of planning does joint planning serve?
Stratefic level and operational level planning
this type of joint planning provides the President and SecDef options on the use of the military in addressing national interests and achieving the objectives in the National Security Strategy (NSS) and Defense Strategy Review (DSR).
Strategic Level Planning
Prudent idea or set of ideas for employing the instruments of national power in a synchronized and integrated fashion to achieve theater and multinational objectives.
Strategic Level of Warfare
What are the three levels of Wafare?
Strategic, Operational, and Tactical
______________ relationship is established by a common superior commander between subordinate commanders when one organization should aid, protect, complement, or sustain another force
Support
Limited to the detailed direction and control of movements and maneuvers within the operational area necessary to accomplish assigned missions or tasks assigned by the commander exercising OPCON or TACON of the attached force.
Tactical Control (TACON)
This command authority provides the authority to give direction for military operations and the control of designated forces.
Tactical Control (TACON)
The employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other. Battles and engagements are planned and executed to achieve military objectives.
Tactical Level of Warfare
The fundamental building blocks of concrete military activity. They are actions that generate effects; they change in the environment or situation. Tactical actions are the component pieces of operations.
Tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs)
A clearly defined action or activity assigned to an individual or organization. A specific assignment that must be done as it is imposed by an appropriate authority.
Task
help commanders visualize a logical arrangement of operations, allocate resources, and assign tasks to appropriate commands
The Levels of Warfare
______________ establishes combatant (unified) commands for the performance of military missions and prescribes the force structure of such commands.
The President, through SecDef, and with the advice and assistance of the CJCS,
_________________ may authorize commanders of unified CCMDs to establish subordinate unified commands.
The SecDef, through the CJCS,
What are the types of SAPs?
There are seven types of SAPs. Acknowledged, Unacknowledged, Acquisition, Apportioned, Intelligence, Operations & Support, Waived
Characterized as a violent struggle for domination between nation-states or coalitions and alliances of nation-states.
Traditional Warfare
Charged with pulling together existing cyberspace resources, creating synergies and synchronizing war-fighting effects to defend the information security environment. This Organization is tasked with centralizing command of cyberspace operations, strengthening DoD cyberspace capabilities, and integrating and bolstering DoD's cyber expertise.
U.S. Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM)
Plans, coordinates, integrates, synchronizes and conducts activities to: direct the operations and defense of specified Department of Defense information networks and; prepare to, and when directed, conduct full spectrum military cyberspace operations in order to enable actions in all domains, ensure US/Allied freedom of action in cyberspace and deny the same to our adversaries.
U.S. Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM)
Oversees an area of responsibility stretching from the waters of the United States west coast to the western border of India, and from Antarctica to the North Pole, encompassing 36 diverse nations.
U.S. Indo-Pacific Command (USINDOPACOM)
Work to promote the development of the region while cooperating to enhance security, deter aggression, and respond with force when necessary and to provide humanitarian assistance.
U.S. Indo-Pacific Command (USINDOPACOM)
Offers direct action in the form of short duration strikes and small-scale offensives, special reconnaissance, unconventional warfare, foreign internal defense, civil affairs operations, counterterrorism, psychological operations, information operations, counter-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, security force assistance, counterinsurgency operations and any specific activities directed by the President or the Secretary of Defense.
U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM)
Conduct global operations in partnership with other Combatant Commands, services, and U.S. government agencies to deter and detect strategic attacks against the United States.
U.S. Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM)
Responsible for command of U.S. nuclear capabilities, space operations, global surveillance and reconnaissance, intelligence, communications, computers, global missile defense and combatting weapons of mass destruction.
U.S. Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM)
Provides the Department of Defense with an aggregate of transportation capabilities and assets. Enables a diverse array of joint mobility missions.
U.S. Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM)
protective controls ensuring the existence of the program is not acknowledged, affirmed, or made known to any person not authorized for the information
Unacknowledged SAP
Protects and defends the interests of the United States by strengthening the defense capabilities of African nations and, in cooperation with African governments, conducts military missions that increase security while deterring and defeating a variety of transnational threats.
United States Africa Command (USAFRICOM)
Responsible for operations in twenty countries: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan and Yemen.
United States Central Command (USCENTCOM)
utilizes national and international partnerships to build cooperation among nations, respond to crisis, deter and defeat threats and support development that ultimately increases stability in the region.
United States Central Command (USCENTCOM)
provide humanitarian assistance and to develop strategies for promoting peace and stability in the region.
United States European Command (USEUCOM)
Operates in the area of responsibility encompassing the continental United States, Alaska, Mexico, Canada, portions of the Caribbean and surrounding waters
United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM)
Primarily responsible for civil support and homeland security and also oversees the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD). It has few permanent forces and is instead assigned forces by the Secretary of Defense or the President whenever required for the execution of its missions.
United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM)
Responsible for ensuring the defense of the Panama Canal. It is a joint command comprised of more than 1,200 military and civilian personnel representing the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, and several other federal agencies.
United States Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM)
Responsible for providing contingency planning, operations, and security cooperation in its assigned Area of Responsibility which includes Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
United States Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM)
SecDef has waived applicable reporting for this type of SAP, even more restrictive reporting and access. Adverse effect to national security
Waived SAP
Mechanism, method, or modality of armed conflict against an enemy.
Warfare
(True/False) Joint Planning Process Steps must be performed in order.
false, Some JPP steps or tasks may be performed concurrently, truncated, or modified as necessary dependent upon the situation, subject, or time constraints of the planning effort.
Subordinate Unified Commands May be established on a
geographical area or functional basis
When a capability in IJSTO is no longer available members must
provide justification on why or that it was deemed no longer requiring SAP security protections
