Unit 13 Review

The first psychological therapy was introduced by

Sigmund Freud

Which of the following procedures has typically resulted in patients becoming permanently lethargic?

a lobotomy

An important feature of client-centered therapy is

active listening

Melissa suffers from auditory hallucinations and falsely believes that her former high school teachers are trying to kill her. Melissa's symptoms are most likely to be relieved by ________ drugs.

antipsychotic

Aversive conditioning involves

associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences

To help Claire quit smoking, a therapist delivers an electric shock to her arm each time she smokes a cigarette. The therapist is using

aversive conditioning

Ron is a 22-year-old mechanic who suffers from claustrophobia. The most effective way to treat Ron's problem would involve ____________ therapy.

behavior

Reinforcing desired behaviors and withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors is most central to the process of

behavior modification

Mental health therapies that involve prescribed drugs or other procedures that act directly on a patient's nervous system are

biomedical therapies

Psychologist with expertise in research, the assessment of psychological disorders, and the practice of psychotherapy are typically

clinical psychologists

In an effort to reduce his daughter's fear of the dark, Mr. Chew would hug and gently rock her immediately after turning off the lights at bedtime. Mr. Chew's strategy best illustrates the technique of

counter conditioning

Psychopharmacology involves the study of how

drugs affect mind and behavior

Repeatedly introducing people to things they fear and avoid is most characteristic of

exposure therapies

The psychoanalytic and humanistic therapies are often referred to as

insight therapies

Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms following the discontinued use of an antianxiety drug are indicative of

physiological dependence

Helping people gain insight into the unconscious origins of their disorder is a central aim of

psychoanalysis

Psychological disorders that researchers believe are learned, such as phobias, are most likely to be treated with

psychotherapy

Psychoanalysts would suggest that resistance during therapy supports and maintains the process of

repression

What do psychologists call personal strengths that help people cope with stress?

resilience

Students who receive unusually low scores on their first psychology test can reasonably anticipate ___________ scores on their second psychology test.

somewhat highter

The repeated association of pleasant relaxing states with stimuli that arouse fear is a central feature of

systematic desensitization

Humanistic therapists are likely to teach clients to

take more responsibility for their own feelings and actions

Light exposure therapy sparks activity in a brain region that influences

the body's arousal

The expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships is known as

transference

A therapist who takes an eclectic approach is one who

uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic approaches