unit 2 AP psychology exam
Which of the following characteristics is generally associated with the use of hallucinogens?
The experience of vivid, distorted images that are not based on sensory input
Treating a patient for Parkinson's disease includes administering a chemical that will lead to increases in the patient's
dopamine
A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called
electroencephalography (EEG)
Which of the following correctly describes the firing of neurons?
An all-or-none response
An individual with damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to have difficulty
comprehending a spoken request for information
Which of the following would most likely result from an injury to the medulla?
A life-threatening disruption of heartbeat and breathing
Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems?
A loss of motor coordination
Which of the following allows the examination of living brain tissue visually without performing surgery?
Computerized axial tomography
The following question(s) refer to the illustration below.
Pons
A child's sex is genetically determined by the
father
An individual was admitted to the hospital after experiencing a mild tingling on the right side ofthe face and a sudden inability to speak. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a doctor would likely find
an abnormality in the brain tissue of the left hemisphere
The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the
medulla
Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe would most likely result in a
visual deficit
Which of the following correctly pairs subdivisions within the major divisions of the human nervous system?
Autonomic . . sympathetic and parasympathetic
In terms of the effect on the central nervous system, alcohol is most accurately classified as which of the following types of drug?
Depressant
A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?
Difficulty with speech production
Which of the following statements concerning sleep is valid?
Individuals do not typically act out their dreams.
Which of the following most accurately characterizes the role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of hunger?
It acts with the endocrine system to control hunger and satiety.
Which of the following statements best describes the effect of alcohol on human functioning?
It depresses the central nervous system.
Significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which the person will be unable to awaken?
Reticular formation
If an individual has lost the ability to feel pain in the left arm, there is most likely damage to what area of the brain?
Right parietal lobe
During the night, Alicia stops breathing repeatedly, frequently gasps for air, and snores loudly at regular intervals. Alicia is most likely suffering from which of the following conditions?
Sleep apnea
Which of the following is an explanation of why travelers suffer from jet lag?
There is a disruption in their circadian rhythm.
A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain?
Wernicke's area
The biological clock that operates in human beings to adjust their functioning to night-and-day periodicity is referred to as
a circadian rhythm
When a person is suffering from severe pain, the type of drug that will best help alleviate that pain is
an opiate
Curare blocks action at acetylcholine synapses and causes paralysis. This drug is an example of an
antagonist
Mary participates in an exercise program because she experiences an increase in energy and feelings of well-being at the end of each exercise session. The best explanation for Mary's perseverance in the program is that exercise
increases her level of endorphins
For most people, speech functions are primarily localized in the
left cerebral hemisphere
Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the
sympathetic nervous system
The painful experience associated with termination of the use of an addictive substance is known as
withdrawal
Brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but with an impaired ability to produce speech most likely indicates injury to which of the following?
Broca's area
Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?
A decrease in heart rate
Electrically stimulating a rat's amygdala would most likely produce which of the following?
Aggression
Damage to which of the following brain structures may cause the inability to detect the emotional significance of facial expressions, especially those demonstrating fear?
Amygdala
The area labeled X in the drawing above denotes which of the following structures?
Axon terminals
In the figure above, where do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have their initial effect?
C
Which of the following parts of the brain is most active in decision-making?
Cerebral cortex
Caffeine and nicotine are in the same class as which of the following drugs?
Cocaine
Which of the following psychoactive drugs increases nervous system activity?
Cocaine
Which of the following is brain-imaging technique that produces the most detailed picture of brain structure?
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
In the figure above, where does the neurotransmitter dopamine have its effect?
E
In adult humans, which of the following is typically true of REM sleep?
It is correlated with dreaming.
Which of the following is true of the reticular activating system?
It regulates levels of arousal
Juana accidentally touched a hot iron. She immediately drew back her hand. Which of the following is true about the withdrawal of her hand?
It was initiated in the spinal cord.
Which of the following areas of the body has the largest number of sensory neurons?
Lips
REM sleep, generally an "active" state of sleep, is accompanied by which of the following paradoxical characteristics?
Lowered muscle tone
Rafael has a sleep disorder for which he takes medically prescribed amphetamines. For which of the following sleep disorders is Rafael most likely being treated?
Narcolepsy
Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose?
Positron emission tomography (PET)
In which of the following techniques do researchers inject a harmless, radioactive substance into the living human brain to examine activity?
Positron-emission tomography (PET)
Which part of the nervous system is most immediately activated by sudden fear?
Sympathetic
The diagram above depicts the human body's
endocrine system
The role of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is to
establish homeostasis after a fight-or-flight response
Sigmund Freud believed that dream analysis was a useful device for
gaining insight into unconscious motives
The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the
hippocampus
When people consume large amounts of alcohol, they are often unable to recall what they did and said while they were drinking. This occurs because alcohol interferes with the brain's ability to form new memories in the
hippocampus
The primary effect of the myelin sheath is to
increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential along the axon
People who have experienced severe damage to the frontal lobe of the brain seldom regain their ability to
make and carry out plans
The result of the evolutionary process that preserves traits that enhance the adaptation of an organism and suppresses traits that do not is called
natural Selection
Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all
neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse
