Unit 2 Basic Agricultural Science Test

Match the definition to the term. 1. biodiesel 2. industrial ecology 3. natural resources

1. fuel made from plant oils or animal fats 2. a field that seeks to find solutions to environmental problems that industry creates 3. resources that humans can use but not create; they are created through natural processes

Match the problem with the agricultural factor that contributes to it. 1. poor water quality 2. increased levels of carbon dioxide in air 3. eroded soils

1. leaching 2. burning fields 3. excessive watering

Match the definition to the term. 1. clay 2. inorganic 3. organic 4. sand

1. the smallest particle of soil 4. the largest particle of soil 3. anything that is living or was living at one time 2. anything that is not and never was alive

Match the practice with its description. 1. crop diversity 2. drip irrigation 3. water reuse

2. delivering water to crop roots 1. rotating crops to change soil nutrient levels 3. reclaiming irrigation water

Match the practice with the result. 1. selective cutting 2. zero tillage farming 3. managed grazing

2. moisturizes and softens the soil 1. eliminates dead trees and shrubs 3. replenishes nutrients in the field

What percentage of the world does not have access to clean fresh water?

25%

Match the problem with the agricultural factor that contributes to it. 1. degraded soils 2. depletion of fossil fuels 3. shortages of clean water

3. irrigation 2. energy consumption 1. fields left unplanted

Which of the following BEST characterizes the future of agriculture?

As the population increases, the need for agricultural products will increase.

Nitrogen fixation occurs when which of the following happens?

Bacteria convert nitrogen to a form that plants can use.

Which of the following BEST explains why using chemical fertilizers and pesticides is harmful to the soil?

Chemicals introduced to the soil can change its nutrient and content levels.

Which of the following is NOT a biofuel?

Coal

Pollution does not affect the carrying capacity of an ecosystem.

False

Shifting to renewable energy resources like wind, the sun, and water will not be enough to help society become more sustainable.

False

Which of the following family of chemicals has been developed to be MOST accurate in relation to targeting a specific pest?

Not insecticides rodenticides

A local farm wants to provide educational seminars for grade-school children. Which of the following laws would provide the farm the funds to provide this service?

Smith-Lever Act

Which of the following BEST describes the results of the Embargo Act?

The United States government closed all trade with Britain.

Which of the following BEST explains why a farm located at the bottom of a slope is a good choice for planting crops?

The slope allows nutrients to drain to the crops.

Which of the following best explains how chlorinated hydrocarbons have a negative impact on plants?

They bond and accumulate on the plant.

Outline a proposed solution to the problem of water pollution in agriculture.

Water pollution pose a significant threat. Bacteria from human waste, chemicals from artificial compounds used in industry, caffeine, residuals from prescription drugs, and synthetic hormones are all pollutants commonly originating from industrial and municipal sources. A solution is to stop using so much fertilizers and chemicals on the plants because it depletes the plant's

Which sector consumes the most water in the United States?

agricultural

What is causing the US to be able to produce more today than in 1960?

better technology and farming equipment

Which of the following is NOT necessary for a plant to photosynthesize?

carbon monoxide

Which of the following terms describes the number of individuals an area can support?

carrying capacity

Which of the following processes releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?

cellular respiration

Chemicals that interfere with an organism's endocrine system are known as which of the following?

endocrine disruptors

A vertical farm is:

experimental farming inside a controlled dome

Which of the following would be considered a biotic factor in an ecosystem?

flower

After thousands of years buried deep under the Earth, an organism's remains may convert to __________ a0 fuels.

fossil

Which renewable energy source would be MOST appropriate for lands near a flowing stream or river?

microhydro

Marestail, a common weed, has recently become resistant to pesticides. Which of the following practices would be a better solution to get rid of marestail?

mowing

Which of the following sustainable practices utilizes the MOST technology?

precision agriculture

Living sustainably consists of using only ________________ resources and eliminating nonrenewable resources from human consumption.

renewable

By using hot water to generate electricity, both geothermal energy and _______ a0 energy are able to cut down on the amount of nonrenewable resources used.

solar

Which of the following is an inorganic item?

stone

Which species was nearly destroyed by biomagnification?

brown pelican

This past winter, the weather of a region stayed cold and snowy for three months past spring, which is an anomaly for the area. Which of the following scenarios would be a result of the prolonged winter?

The amount of water available for animals will decrease significantly.

While vertical farming may be an urban substitute for spacious farmlands, there is no guarantee that it will be a reliable substitute for regular farms.

True

When speaking about genetic diversity in agriculture, which of the following is BEST?

have plants and livestock be as diversified as possible

Which of the following animals is a primary consumer?

rabbit

Which of the following college courses would NOT be necessary for a career as an environmental lawyer?

Introductory Sociology

Black bears consume berries, leaves, nuts, and meat. Black bears are which of the following types of consumers?

omnivore

Which of the following is a sustainable practice in which people build small gardens on rooftops or in vacant lots?

urban greenhouse

Which of these lists of organisms does NOT follow the natural food chain?

grass, raccoon, mouse

Which of these lists of organisms follows the natural food chain?

grass, zebra, lion

Water that pools atop saturated ground is known as which of the following?

runoff

________________________ resulted in large populations leaving the country in order to live and work in the cities.

Industrilization

Which of the following facts would be used to explain why the influx in migration from the country to cities was helpful for the farming community?

Due to migration, people in cities were able to construct machines that could yield a high crop output.

Which of the following describes what happens when the EPA determines that a pesticide is harmful to wildlife?

It bans the pesticide.

Which of the following is an organic item?

ant

Which of the following family of chemicals kills cells or stunts proteins, which can interfere with how a plant grows?

Herbicide

The purpose of sustainable agriculture is to reduce our dependence on ______________a0 resources.

Not natural sustainable

Which of the following explains why mutualism is considered to be a sustainable idea?

One organism might use another's wastes to create new nutrients.

Insecticides were first created to combat ___________ that were destroying potato crops.

beetles

Restoring the wetlands and using sustainable forestry techniques are two different ideas for which mitigation strategy?

managing and protecting wildlife populations

Fertilizer restores which of the following factors that affects soil formation?

organic material

Carbon dioxide is released when which of the following phenomena occur?

photosynthesis

Which of the following is a standard for labeling a food item as organic?

using natural fertilizers

Which of the following is NOT a basic type of soil?

waterbed soil

Match the college course with the career it fits with best. 1. hydrologist 2. conservationist 3. environmental lawyer

1. Evaluation of Groundwater Quality 2. Wilderness and Civilization Field Studies 3. Hazardous Waste Policies

Match the problem with agricultural factor that contributes to it. 1. degraded lands 2. increased levels of methane in the air 3. depletion of phosphorus

3. creation of fertilizers 1. conversion to farmland 2. animal husbandry

Match the country with its accompanying land-grant university program. 1. Rwanda 2. Iraq 3. Guatemala

3. implementing farming-related business development 1. modernizing the coffee industry 2. establishing agricultural markets

Match the college course with the career it fits with best. 1. hydrologist 2. conservationist 3. environmental lawyer

3.Resource Economics and Management 2. Eco-Markets and Trading 1. Physical Oceanography

Explain how, despite the U.S. ban on all forms of pesticides, it is possible for Americans to still ingest the chemicals.

Despite the U.S ban on all forms of pesticides, it is possible for Americans to still ingest the chemicals because they can still reach the United States as residue on foods or even through the global movement of winds and water. In other countries they use pesticides that are banned in the United States, but stilll put it on the market. The world is not made up of isolated environments. Any impact on one country is an impact on another.

Which of the following population needs resulted directly in a need for petroleum products?

Engines

Which of the following BEST explains why there is currently a movement to sustain natural resources for as long as possible?

Humans cannot create natural resources, so it will be difficult to replace them when they run out.

Which of the following would be a college course that a marine biologist would take?

Hydrothermal Vents

Match the country with its accompanying land-grant university program. 1. Soil Ecology and Ecosystems 2. Organic Material Composition 3. Sustainable Urban Living

Not 1. chemist 2. biological technician 3. environmental scientist

Which of the following was NOT a factor in the development of the Industrial Revolution?

Not increased trade with Europe

_________________________ is a process that plants undergo to make sugars, which are necessary for the plants' survival and for the survival of animals that feed on the plants.

Photosynthesis

Explain how the combination of agricultural water waste, industrial water waste, and municipal water waste are dangerous when combined.

The combination of agricultural waste water, industrial water waste, and municipal waste water are dangerous when combined because waste like too much fertilizer on plants, bacteria from human waste, chemicals from artificial compounds used in industries, and caffeine can infests the groundwater causing water pollution that will deplete the plants. This is so important for the waste water not to get inside the ground water because all animals drink the ground water to survive. Plants use the water to survive as well.

A genetic engineer might work on a project to create a sunflower that can grow without sunlight.

True

Rather than correcting an ecological problem caused by agriculture, industrial ecology tries to prevent the problem altogether

True

To find new and alternative farming methods and practices, private companies often fund their own research and development teams.

True

Which of the following best explains why vultures are NOT decomposers?

Vultures do not break down wastes, and only consume meat.

________________management is important to arid countries like Iraq because without proper conservation methods, crops would quickly die.

Water

Which of the following best explains why so many of the sustainable energy options are water solutions?

Water is an accessible and maintainable resource in the majority of the world.

Eutrophication is a dangerous process for _____________ a0 animals because it depletes the ecosystem of oxygen.

aquatic

Which of the following is an example of a fossil fuel?

coal

Which of the following is NOT a mitigation strategy?

decreasing farms and ranges in the United States

Which of the following practices delivers water to the roots of a plant at a slow, steady rate?

drip irrigation

Which of the following would be considered an abiotic factor in an ecosystem?

stone

Which of the following was NOT an important piece of farming technology created during the Industrial Revolution?

Irrigation system

Communities of plants and animals are called biomes.

True

Which of the following BEST summarizes the soil progression from top to bottom?

There is a decline in the amount of nutrients and an increase in solidification.

Humans are considered both primary and secondary consumers.

True

Most farmers take an integrated approach to getting rid of pests rather than using only one approach.

True

While it may be easier for farmers to choose the easiest and least costly irrigation technique, it is important to measure growing conditions and soil composition before choosing a technique.

True

Which of the following inventions created during the Industrial Revolution improved mobility in the United States?

railroads

Which of the following best explains how farmers can stop leaching?

stop discontinuing farmlands

What percentage of a human's body is composed of water?

three-fourths