Unit 2 Ch 15-17

Major elements of Booker T Washington's famous speech at the Atlanta Cotton States Expo of 1895

-blacks would find genuine opportunities in the south -blacks should welcome menial labor as a first step in the struggle for progress - blacks and whites were historically linked -black people were for more loyal than newly arrived immigrants

Examine the statistics concerning black migration between 1910 and 1940

1.75 million African Americans left the south. African American population outside the south doubled by 1940

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African-American intellectuals had major achievements in art and music and literature flourished

Describe the occupations of black people after WWI and the great migration

Agriculture and Domestic services some Manufacturing jos

Explain the connection between black radicalism in the US and Caribbean

All shared a mutual interest in Africa and believed blacks should come together to share their heritage. PanAfricanism

Identify the reasons the Spanish American was was fought

Americans supported the ongoing struggle by the Cubans and Filipinos against Spanish rule

Compare black church services to white church services in the south

Black church services were one of the most important aspects of religious life for most congregations . The Pentecostal church was the only significant movement to cross the racial divide in the early 20th century

Discuss the result of the "Brownsville Affair"

Black troops were dismissed from the service without a hearing for allegedly shooting at white civilians

Show how black nurses were exploited during the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century

By hiring them out as a part of their training for private duty work but then requiring them to relinquish their pay to the schools

What was the focus of the early black women's clubs in the 1870s and 1880s?

Cultural, Religious and Social matters. Eventually becoming more involved in community problems

Define " minstrel shows"

Derogatory performances of " coon songs" previously performed by whites with their faces painted black. Later these same shows were performed by blacks

Discuss DuBois views of the postwar impact of WWI on black people

Dubois saw the black loyalty and sacrifice had not eroded white racism

Explain why blacks initially settled in Harlem

During a building boom that occurred in anticipation of the construction of the subway connecting Harlem to Manhattan, Real estate speculators overbuilt and were left with many empty houses. Facing foreclosure, many white property owners sold or rented to black people

How was Paul Roberson an example of black artistic development during the Harlem Renaissance?

He abandoned his career for the stage and became a well known actor

Describe how Booker T Washington reacted to the Atlanta Riot of 1906

He looked for the silver lining. He believed black resistance would merely result in more black fatalities. He appealed for racial reconciliation

Discuss the benefits of Marcus Garvey and his ideas brought to many black people

He offered hope to many African Americans. Created a movement called PanAfricanism

How did Woodrow Wilson act toward black people when he became president?

He wasn't a friend to black people

Describe what the National Colored Labor Union emphasized for its members

It discouraged strikes and encouraged its members to work hard and be thrifty

Describe the methods used by the NAACP to try and gain black civil and political rights

It relied on the judicial and legislative systems

What led to the decline of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920's

Leaders started fighting among themselves. One leader raped a women that ended up committing suicide. The clan never recovered

Describe Ragtime

Music written down for performance on the piano

Identify the significance of Madame CJ Walker

One of the most successful black entrepreneurs of all time. She was a major contributor to the NAACP's anti- lynching campaign. When she dies she was a millionaire

Describe what film Birth of a Nation depicted?

Reconstruction in South Carolina Based on the book The Clansman

Identify the characteristics that defined the American Negro Academy

Scholarly organization made up of men of African decent. Who met periodically to discuss and publish works on history, literature, religion and science. Allowed these men to ponder what it really meant to be black in America

State the issues some blacks and whites used to criticize the Spanish American war

Some saw the war as an effort to extend American racial practices, including Jim Crow beyond US borders

Discuss the state of amateur sports during the 1910's and 1920's

Sports flourished for professional players in the 1920's. Andrew Rube Foster was the father of black baseball. The Negro National League was created

Define Social Darwinism

Survival of the fittest

Discuss what the American Federation of Labor thought about black involvement in the unions?

The AFL was open to all skilled workers but most of its local craft unions barred women and black tradesmen

Identify the "talented tenth"

The advancement of black peoples was the responsibility of the black elite or the talented tenth

State the ultimate result of the Dyer Anti Lynching bill

The bill failed

Link how the Great Depression, Rube Foster and the Negro League System were connected

The loss of Foster combined with The Great Depression disrupted the League System

How did the Pullman Company respond to Randolph's attempts to make gains for porters?

They created the Employee Representation Plan to fight Randolph's group, The brotherhood of sleeping car porters (bscp). Randolph was ignored and people that supported his union were fired.

State the main role of many Phillis Wheatley homes

They offered living accommodations for single black women working in many cities where YWCA refused to admit them. Formed by black women named in honor of an African American poet

Describe the black upper class in the early twentieth century

They were made up of doctors, lawyers and businessmen. These elite societies and cliques competed to demonstrate social exclusivity and preeminence

Identify the goal of the urban league

To alleviate conditions black people had encountered as they moved into larger cities. They also worked to improve housing, medical care and recreational facilities

Discuss how William Monroe Trotter felt about Booker T Washington's efforts and views

Trotter felt Washington was a traitor. He interrupted his speech and was arrested

Demands of the Niagara Movement in 1905

Voting rights, ending segregated, better health care, better schools and housing, Protested discrimination of black soldiers, criticized racial prejudice in most churches. Most importantly white people did not know what was best for black people.

State why southern whites approved of Booker T Washington?

Washington was convinced that as African Americans became more productive and made economic progress, white people would give them their rights. He believed economic acceptance would lead to political and social acceptance.

Discuss the beliefs of Booker T Washington about opportunities for blacks

Washington worked tirelessly to persuade black and white people that the surest way for black people to advance was by learning skills and demonstrating a willingness to do manual labor. He believed that if white people became prosperous they would earn the respect of white Americans and eradicate the race problem

Show how DuBois and Washington's approaches to improving the condition of black men differed

Washington-more respectful, wanted to wait to earn the whites trust DuBois-wanted blacks to protest and stand up for their rights

Discuss the connection between violence and blacks in America during the era of WWI

White Americans were determined to keep black people confined to subordinate roles and restricted them to well defined black neighborhoods

Explain why black lawyers had a hard time making a living

White attorneys and judges did not welcome them. Black defendants hired white lawyers in hopes that it would improve their chances of receiving justice.

How did the white authorities harass heavyweight champion Jack Johnson

White authorities convicted Johnson of violating the Mann Act, which made it illegal to transport women across state lines for immoral purposes. He received 1 year in prison and a $1000 fine.

Identify the types of discrimination Pullman Porters faced

Worked for 400+ hours each month. Had to service cars before and after trip but were only paid for the duration of the trip All porters were referred to as "George"

Describe Jazz

mostly improvised and it was not confined to the piano.