Unit 2 exam bio 102

The nails, hair follicles and glands of the dermis are classified as ______ of skin. accessory structures primary structures layers

accessory structures

The division of the PNS that regulates visceral activities and maintains homeostasis is called the ______ nervous system. autonomic somatic central

autonomic

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are divisions of the____________ nervous system.

autonomic

Every one branches into many fine endings each tipped by a small swelling called a terminal

axon

The portion of a neuron that conducts nerve signals away from the cell body

axon

The innermost, or deepest, layer of cells of the epidermis is called the stratum______________.

basale

The hypodermis or subcutaneous layer is located directly: beneath the epidermis above the epidermis beneath the dermis above the dermis

beneath the dermis

List the characteristics of connective tissue: bind other tissues and organs together can contract to produce movement consistency can vary from a solid to a liquid can transmit electrical information

bind other tissues and organs together consistency can vary from a solid to a liquid

The connective tissue that contains formed elements suspended in a liquid matrix is________

blood

The most rigid connective tissue, whose matrix contains calcium salts deposited around collagen fibers, is__________

bone

The pons, medulla oblongata and midbrain form the: cerebellum diencephalon limbic system brainstem

brainstem

Contains the nucleus and other organelles

cell body

Which area of the brain shrinks the most as we age, losing as much as 45% of its cells? diencephalon brain stem cerebellum cerebral cortex

cerebral cortex

The largest and most complex component of the nervous system is the _____. medulla oblongata spinal cord cerebellum cerebrum peripheral nervous system

cerebrum

What is the largest part of the brain?

cerebrum

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium may include the following characteristics: cilia irregular distribution of nuclei flat, scale-like cells single layer of columnar cells goblet cells

cilia irregular distribution of nuclei single layer of columnar cells goblet cells

The space between the presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic neuron is called the synaptic _____________.

cleft, or gap

Scar tissue provides strength to a wound as it consists of: collagen fibers elastic fibers keratin melanin

collagen fibers

Which of the following are characteristics of stratified squamous epithelium? contains multiple cell layers has a protective role in the body cells at the surface are round specialized for diffusion cells at the surface are flat

contains multiple cell layers has a protective role in the body cells at the surface are flat

Transitional epithelium contains a single layer of squamous cells contains a single layer of cuboidal cells contains several layers of cuboidal cells is found lining the urinary bladder can stretch

contains several layers of cuboidal cells is found lining the urinary bladder can stretch

Nerves that are attached to the brain are called ______ nerves.

cranial

Conduct signals toward the neuron cell body

dendrites

Shorter branched extensions that receive signals from sensory receptors or other neurons

dendrites

The________ region is located above the midbrain, below the corpus callosum and between the two cerebral hemispheres.

diencephalon

Which of the following describe simple cuboidal epithelium? specialized for protection found in glands multiple layers of cube-shaped cells single layer of cube-shaped cells specialized for secretion and absorption

found in glands single layer of cube-shaped cells specialized for secretion and absorption

The majority of the_______ matter of the spinal cord is formed by interneurons.

gray

Cardiac muscle tissue is found only in the ________

heart

The majority of neurons in the gray matter of the spinal cord are: sensory neurons motor neurons interneurons

interneurons

The protein found in the epidermis that is responsible for waterproofing and toughening the skin is _______.

keratin

The most abundant cell of the epidermis that produces and stores keratin is a ________________.

keratinocytes

Which organs maintain the electrolyte balance critical for the action potentials in the nervous system? intestines kidneys lungs

kidneys

Which of the following are characteristics of a membrane? connect bone to bone hold muscles together line internal spaces of organs cover organs within body cavities line body cavities

line internal spaces of organs cover organs within body cavities line body cavities

Where in the body would you find a tight junction? lining the stomach lining the tubes of the kidney between cells of the heart between skin cells

lining the stomach lining the tubes of the kidney

The pigment that absorbs ultraviolet radiation in sunlight, protecting the body from the harmful effects of UV radiation, is__________

melanin

Specialized cells in the epidermis called ______, produce melanin. stem cells Merkel cells keratinocytes melanocytes follicles

melanocytes

The combination of an epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer that can be found lining the internal spaces of organs, body cavities, and tubes that open to the external environment is a: tissue membrane organ

membrane

A--------- is released from a presynaptic neuron; it then diffuses across a synapse to send a signal to a postsynaptic neuron.

neurotransmitter

Match the function to the correct lobe of the cerebrum. 1. Vision = occipital lobe 2. arm movement = frontal lobe 3. taste= insula 4. body senses= parietal lobe 5. hearing= temporal lobe

parietal lobe (4) occipital lobe (1) temporal lobe (5) insula (3) frontal lobe (2)

Nerves and sensory receptors compose the________ nervous system.

peripheral or PNS

The matrix of blood tissue is a liquid called marrow water plasma jelly

plasma

Indicate the components of the brainstem: cerebellum hypothalamus thalamus pons midbrain medulla oblongata

pons midbrain medulla oblongata

Melanin is the: pigment produced in keratinocytes primary determinant of skin color pigment that accumulates to produce white patches in the skin dark pigment produced by melanocytes protein that helps to prevent water loss in the skin

primary determinant of skin color dark pigment produced by melanocytes

A(n)_______ is a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus.

reflex

In bone tissue, minerals are responsible for _____, and the collagen fibers provide _____. rigidity, elasticity and strength flexibility, hardness flexibility, strength elasticity and strength, rigidity

rigidity, elasticity and strength

Select all of these that are components of the integumentary system. sebaceous and sweat glands hair and nails the pancreas and large intestine the stomach and liver the skin

sebaceous and sweat glands hair and nails the skin

The three types of muscle tissue are______ muscle,_____ muscle, and_______ muscle.

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Which of the following are characteristics of smooth muscle tissue? slow, long contractions fibers are branched no striations involuntary contain multiple nuclei

slow, long contractions involuntary no striations

Nerves that are attached to the spinal cord are called________ nerves.

spinal

Epithelial tissue composed of many layers of cells, where the superficial layer of cells is flat, is called stratified squamous epithelium stratified cuboidal epithelium simple squamous epithelium stratified columnar epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

New epidermal cells are formed by the cells found in the epidermal layer called the ____________ ______________ .

stratum basale

The_______ and the__________ divisions are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system.

sympathetic parasympathetic

As cells of the epidermis move from the stratum basale towards the stratum corneum of the skin: they accumulate deposits of keratin they get closer to their supply of nutrients they begin to die they move further away from blood vessels in the dermis

they accumulate deposits of keratin they begin to die they move further away from blood vessels in the dermis

The cells of the epidermis die as they are pushed towards the surface of the skin because: they are shed from the skin surface they are killed by pathogens they fill with melanin they are too far from their nutrient supply

they are too far from their nutrient supply

Indicate the origins of sympathetic preganglionic neurons: the diencephalon thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord brainstem and the sacral regions of spinal cord cervical regions of the spinal cord

thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord

The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to the inferior margin of the last thoracic vertebra. to the the first sacral vertebra. to the end of the coccyx. to the first thoracic vertebra. to the inferior margin of the first lumbar vertebra.

to the inferior margin of the first lumbar vertebra.

If a person had an injury to the occipital lobe of the cerebrum,what functional losses would you expect them to have?

vision and visual recognition of objects

Select all of the following molecules that function as neurotransmitters. Acetylcholine Acetylcholinesterase Norepinephrine

Acetylcholine Norepinephrine

--------connective tissue stores fat and also serves to protect internal organs.

Adipose

What is an action potential? An electrical signal transmitted down the length of an axon The energy stored in a resting neuron The restoration of a neuron to resting potential The diffusion of a neurotransmitter across the synaptic cleft of the NMJ

An electrical signal transmitted down the length of an axon

In order to initiate an action potential, electrical impulses gather and accumulate in the

Axon Hillock

There are ____ pairs of cranial nerves and ____ pairs of spinal nerves. A)31;12 B)12;31 C)10;12 D)15;30

B)12;31

The skin consists of ____ region(s). A)1 B)2 C)3 D)4

B)2

What type of axon will experience the fastest conduction of an action potential? A)A myelinated,thin axon B)A myelinated,thick axon C)A non-myelinated,thin axon D)A non-myelinated,thick axon

B)A myelinated,thick axon

Which type of gland opens into hair follicles and secretes sweat after puberty? A)Sebaceous glands B)Apocrine sweat glands C)Eccrine sweat glands D)Ceruminous glands

B)Apocrine sweat glands

What cortex areas are involved with integration and memory? A)Primary motor areas B)Association areas C)Somatosensory areas D)Processing areas

B)Association areas

Which system is concerned with internal organs (viscera)? A)Somatic B)Autonomic C)Somatic and autonomic

B)Autonomic

Which of the following will NOT aid in maintaining mental functions as we age? A)Exercise B)Avoiding groups of people C)Playing Scrabble© D)Keeping good heart health

B)Avoiding groups of people

In which direction does the transmission cross a synapse? A)Dendrite to axon B)Axon to dendrite C)Either way D)Both ways

B)Axon to dendrite

What characteristic makes blood different from other types of connective tissue? A)Blood is made of several types of cells. B)Blood matrix is not made by the blood cells. C)Blood has no matrix. D)All apply.

B)Blood matrix is not made by the blood cells.

Along with sweat glands,what actively regulates body temperature? A)Adipose tissue B)Blood vessels C)Sebaceous glands D)All apply.

B)Blood vessels

What are found in lacunae of bone? A)Blood vessels B)Bone cells C)Nerves D)Blood vessels and nerves

B)Bone cells

What procedure uses a variety of drugs to kill cancer cells? A)Radiation B)Chemotherapy C)Gene therapy D)Surgery

B)Chemotherapy

Which of the following prevents the skin from overstretching and gives it strength? A)Melanin B)Collagen fibers C)Adipose tissue D)Elastic fibers

B)Collagen fibers

Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels AND nerve fibers? A)Epidermis B)Dermis C)Epidermis and dermis

B)Dermis

In the ABCDE rule for melanoma,which of the following is NOT a warning sign? A)Uneven coloration B)Diameter greater than 3mm C)Perfectly round D)Changing size,shape,and elevation

B)Diameter greater than 3mm

Which type of tissue covers surfaces and lines cavities? A)Connective B)Epithelium C)Muscle D)Connective and muscle

B)Epithelium

Which of the following cranial nerves allows one to taste a lemon and then make a face because it is sour? A)Trigeminal B)Facial C)Abducens D)Glossopharyngeal

B)Facial

What type of cartilage makes up the fetal skeleton? A)Fibrocartilage B)Hyaline cartilage C)Elastic cartilage

B)Hyaline cartilage

What is the role of acetylcholinesterase at a synapse? A)It stimulates the post-synaptic neuron. B)It breaks down acetylcholine. C)It releases calcium ions. D)All apply.

B)It breaks down acetylcholine.

Where would a mucous membrane be found? A)Lining internal cavities B)Lining tubes and organs that open to the outside C)Covering internal organs D)Covering the brain

B)Lining tubes and organs that open to the outside

What separates the hemispheres of the cerebrum? A)Lateral fissure B)Longitudinal fissure C)Corpus callosum D)Central sulcus

B)Longitudinal fissure

Simple cuboidal epithelium that forms kidney tubules may have many microvilli.What is the reason for the microvilli? A)Protection from abrasion B)More surface area for reabsorption C)Sweeping away debris D)Lubrication

B)More surface area for reabsorption

On which type of neuron does saltatory conduction occur? A)Non-myelinated neurons only B)Myelinated neurons only C)Both non-myelinated and myelinated neurons

B)Myelinated neurons only

Which of the following is NOT a formed element found in blood? A)Erythrocytes B)Plasma C)Leukocytes D)Thrombocytes

B)Plasma

Which of the following is NOT a controlling function of the hypothalamus? A)Appetite B)Sensory relay C)Thirst D)Temperature

B)Sensory relay

Which of the following cranial nerves is the only one to leave the head and neck area? A)Accessory B)Vagus C)Hypoglossal D)Trigeminal

B)Vagus

Keratin is A)a pigment. B)a waterproof protein. C)located in the hypodermis. D)All apply.

B)a waterproof protein.

Masses of gray matter deep within the cerebrum that help integrate motor commands are the A)Broca's areas. B)basal nuclei. C)corpus callosum D)association areas

B)basal nuclei.

In the ABCDE rule for melanoma,"B" stands for A)borders that are even. B)borders that are irregular. C)burning feeling. D)bright colors.

B)borders that are irregular.

The central nervous system includes the A)spinal nerves. B)brain. C)cranial nerves. D)sensory receptors.

B)brain.

Cancers of epithelial tissues are called A)sarcomas. B)carcinomas. C)leukemias. D)lymphomas.

B)carcinomas.

Dandruff is A)a viral infection of the scalp. B)caused by over keratinization. C)caused by sensitivity to chemicals. D)a fungal infection of the scalp.

B)caused by over keratinization.

Which type of fiber found in connective tissue provides flexible strength? A)reticular B)collagen C)keratin D)elastic

B)collagen

Continuous pressure that reduces blood supply to the skin can result in a(n) A)urticariA. B)decubitus ulcer. C)hirsutism. D)callus.

B)decubitus ulcer.

Hair is produced by epithelial cells located in the A)epidermis. B)dermis. C)hypodermis. D)dermis and hypodermis.

B)dermis.

Glands that secrete products directly into the blood are A)exocrine glands. B)endocrine glands. C)goblet glands. D)plasma glands.

B)endocrine glands.

The spinal cord begins at the ________ and ends at the ________. A)foramen magnum;sacrum B)foramen magnum;first lumbar vertebrae C)fifth cervical vertebrae;coccyx D)second cervical vertebrae;first lumbar vertebrae

B)foramen magnum;first lumbar vertebrae

Which extracellular junction allows for the transfer of materials between adjacent cells? A)adhesion junction B)gap junction C)tight junction D)membrane junction

B)gap junction

The dural venous sinuses are found between A)the dura and pia maters. B)layers of the dura mater. C)the arachnoid and pia maters. D)layers of the pia mater.

B)layers of the dura mater.

The protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord are the A)ventricles. B)meninges. C)serous membranes. D)arbor vitae.

B)meninges.

Vitamin D is needed by the body to A)form keratin. B)move calcium and phosphorus into the bones. C)make blood cells. D)help the skin tan.

B)move calcium and phosphorus into the bones.

A neuron is a A)muscle cell. B)nerve cell. C)fiber cell. D)cartilage cell.

B)nerve cell.

Neuroglia are associated with A)bone cells. B)neurons. C)muscle fibers. D)blood cells.

B)neurons.

Reduced blood flow into the dermis will cause A)cyanosis. B)pallor. C)blushing. D)jaundice.

B)pallor.

The primary somatosensory area is located in the _____ lobe. A)frontal B)parietal C)temporal D)occipital

B)parietal

An inhibitory neurotransmitter will cause A)sodium gates to open into the cell. B)potassium gates to open out of the cell. C)sodium and chloride gates to open into the cell. D)chloride gates to open out of the cell.

B)potassium gates to open out of the cell

The time between action potentials when a neuron is unable to respond to a stimulus is called the A)resting potential. B)refractory period. C)saltatory period. D)depolarization period.

B)refractory period.

Lymphatic tissue is composed of A)loose connective tissue. B)reticular connective tissue. C)dense irregular connective tissue. D)dense regular connective tissue.

B)reticular connective tissue.

The epidermis and part of the dermis are damaged from a A)first-degree burn. B)second-degree burn. C)third-degree burn. D)fourth-degree burn.

B)second-degree burn.

During depolarization A)many potassium ions move outside the neuron. B)sodium ions move inside the neuron. C)electrons stream along the axon. D)calcium ions move inside the neuron.

B)sodium ions move inside the neuron.

A stimulus will open ion channels that will allow ________ to flow into the neuron,causing the inside to become______________ charged. A)sodium,negatively B)sodium,positively C)potassium,negatively D)potassium,positively

B)sodium,positively

Several layers of epithelial cells with columnar basal cells and squamous free surface cells would be called A)pseudostratified columnar epithelium. B)stratified squamous epithelium. C)stratified columnar epithelium. D)simple squamous-columnar epithelium.

B)stratified squamous epithelium.

Cardiac muscle is A)striated and voluntary. B)striated and involuntary. C)smooth and involuntary.

B)striated and involuntary.

A shallow groove on the surface of the cerebral cortex is called a A)gyrus. B)sulcus. C)ventricle. D)lobe.

B)sulcus.

Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter used by the A)parasympathetic nervous system. B)sympathetic nervous system. C)both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

B)sympathetic nervous system.

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue is found in (on)the A)skin. B)trachea. C)blood vessels. D)digestive tract.

B)trachea.

Simple squamous epithelium forms the alveolar walls in the lungs and the walls of the capillaries.Why would you expect diffusion to occur more easily through simple squamous epithelium?

Because the cells are flat and single layered,making diffusion easier than it would be across multiple layers of cells.

An electrical signal transmitted down the length of an axon is called a(n) _____________ ____________.

Blank 1: action Blank 2: potential

The whole brain can be divided into four major portions: the________ , the_______ , the________ , and the brainstem.

Blank 1: cerebrum Blank 2: cerebellum Blank 3: diencephalon

A lowered body temperature is a condition called ,_______ while an increased body temperature, sometimes associated with a fever, is a condition called __________.

Blank 1: hypothermia Blank 2: hyperthermia

Problems with aging skin can include dry, itchy, cracked skin from decreased ________ , production and gray hair from a decrease in______ production.

Blank 1: sebum Blank 2: melanin

The peripheral nervous system is divided into the afferent, or_______ , system and the efferent, or , _________system.

Blank 1: sensory Blank 2: motor

Nerve impulses are transmitted to and from the brain by the_________ _______.

Blank 1: spinal Blank 2: cord

Describe the skin's involvement in temperature regulation.

Blood vessels in the dermis can constrict to receive less blood and conserve heat or dilate to receive more blood and allow heat to radiate away from the body.Sweat glands remain inactive or secrete sweat.Sweat carries heat away from the body as it evaporates

Which of the following are changes that occur in the skin as it ages? Breakdown of elastin and collagen fibers causing wrinkles Decrease in melanocytes Increase in sebum production Decrease in subcutaneous fat Increase in body hair

Breakdown of elastin and collagen fibers causing wrinkles Decrease in melanocytes Decrease in subcutaneous fat

What percentage of a person's skin would be involved if they had burned their left arm,front of the trunk,and the front of their left leg? A)45% B)40.5% C)36% D)31.5%

C)36%

What flows across the synaptic cleft? A)Sodium ions B)Electrons C)A neurotransmitter D)Potassium ions

C)A neurotransmitter

Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT correctly matched with its function? A)Olfactory - smell B)Oculomotor - eye movement C)Abducens - feeling from the face D)Trochlear - eye movement

C)Abducens - feeling from the face

Which disease is due,in part,to reduced amounts of acetylcholine in the brain? A)Parkinson's disease B)Huntington's disease C)Alzheimer's disease D)All apply.

C)Alzheimer's disease

What substances are found in bone? A)Calcium salts B)Collagen fibers C)Both calcium salts and collagen fibers

C)Both calcium salts and collagen fibers

How is the intensity of a stimulus coded in the conduction of an action potential? A)A larger voltage change occurs. B)By increasing the speed of the action potential. C)By the frequency of the action potentials. D)By changing the amount of sodium ions that enter the axon.

C)By the frequency of the action potentials.

Which type of muscle has intercalated disks? A)Skeletal muscle B)Smooth muscle C)Cardiac muscle D)Both smooth and cardiac muscles.

C)Cardiac muscle

Which type of muscle tissue contains branched fibers? A)Skeletal muscle B)Smooth muscle C)Cardiac muscle D)Skeletal and cardiac muscles

C)Cardiac muscle

Which contains a nucleus? A)Axon B)Dendrite C)Cell body D)Axon and dendrite

C)Cell body

Which of the following contains the nucleus? A)Axon B)Dendrite C)Cell body D)None apply.

C)Cell body

What do the ventricles of the brain contain? A)Meninges B)Dura mater C)Cerebrospinal fluid D)Meninges and dura mater

C)Cerebrospinal fluid

What is a scar composed of? A)Epithelium B)Blood clot C)Collagen fibers D)Areolar tissue

C)Collagen fibers

Which tissue contains an extensive extracellular matrix? A)Muscle B)Nervous C)Connective D)Epithelial

C)Connective

Which type of tissue binds and supports body parts? A)Epithelium B)Nervous C)Connective D)Muscular

C)Connective

What white matter structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres? A)Longitudinal fissure B)Lateral ventricles C)Corpus callosum D)Diencephalons

C)Corpus callosum

Which of the following is the correct layering of the meninges from superficial to deep? A)Dura mater,pia mater,arachnoid mater B)Pia mater,dura mater,arachnoid mater C)Dura mater,arachnoid mater,pia mater D)Arachnoid mater,dura mater,pia mater

C)Dura mater,arachnoid mater,pia mater

What occurs when the body's temperature regulatory mechanism is overcome? A)Hypothermia B)Hyperthermia C)Either hypothermia or hyperthermia

C)Either hypothermia or hyperthermia

What type of cartilage makes up the frame of the outer ear? A)Fibrocartilage B)Hyaline cartilage C)Elastic cartilage

C)Elastic cartilage

Which spinal nerve serves the front of the thigh and leg? A)Sciatic B)Phrenic C)Femoral D)Intercostals

C)Femoral

What is NOT a function of fibroblasts in wound healing? A)Bring about scar formation B)Promote tissue regeneration C)Fight infections D)Pull the margins of wound together

C)Fight infections

Which of the following is NOT a function of the reticular formation? A)Helps the cerebellum with muscle tone. B)Helps the medulla regulate respiration,heart rate and blood pressure. C)Helps the hypothalamus regulate hunger and thirst. D)Helps the cerebrum with mental alertness and arousal from sleep.

C)Helps the hypothalamus regulate hunger and thirst.

Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT correctly matched with its function? A)Glossopharyngeal - muscles for swallowing B)Vagus - sensory and motor for internal organs C)Hypoglossal - neck and back muscles D)Vestibulocochlear - hearing and balance

C)Hypoglossal - neck and back muscles

The interpretation of olfactory receptor information would fall under which general function of the nervous system? A)Sensory input B)Motor output C)Integration

C)Integration

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue? A)It readily divides to produce new cells. B)It has a basement membrane to connect to underlying tissue. C)It has many blood vessels to support its nutrient needs. D)It always has a free surface.

C)It has many blood vessels to support its nutrient needs.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of spongy bone? A)Made of bony plates called trabeculae B)Spaces of bone marrow produce blood cells C)Made of bony rings called lamellae D)Made to provide strength and support

C)Made of bony rings called lamellae

Which part of the brain has centers for the control of breathing,heart rate,and vasoconstriction? A)Pons B)Midbrain C)Medulla oblongata D)Hypothalamus

C)Medulla oblongata

Which is the most dangerous form of skin cancer? A)Basal cell carcinoma B)Squamous cell carcinoma C)Melanoma D)Both basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

C)Melanoma

What membranes protect the brain and spinal cord? A)Mucous membranes B)Synovial membranes C)Meninges D)Cutaneous membranes

C)Meninges

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the nervous system? A)Brain mass decreases B)Brain cells are lost C)Mental abilities decrease D)Neurological diseases increase in occurrence

C)Mental abilities decrease

The release of saliva when thinking of food is part of which nervous system function? A)Sensory input B)Integration C)Motor output

C)Motor output

What is the structural classification of a motor neuron? A)Unipolar B)Multipolar C)Bipolar

C)Multipolar

Which part of the brain works with the medulla oblongata to regulate respiration? A)Reticular formation B)Hippocampus C)Pons D)Midbrain

C)Pons

Which processing center uses information from other areas for reason and planning actions? A)Somatosensory area B)Insula C)Prefrontal area D)Basal nuclei

C)Prefrontal area

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures in a reflex arc? A)Effector,motor nerve,sensory nerve,interneuron,receptor B)Sensory nerve,interneuron,receptor,motor nerve,effector C)Receptor,sensory nerve,interneuron,motor nerve,effector D)Receptor,effector,interneuron,sensory nerve,motor nerve

C)Receptor,sensory nerve,interneuron,motor nerve,effector

Which of the following types of cells are NOT found in the epidermis? A)Squamous epithelial cells B)Langerhans cells C)Red blood cells D)Melanocytes

C)Red blood cells

What is/are the main function(s)of the spinal cord? A)Reflex center B)Relay center between brain and peripheral nerves C)Reflex center and relay center between brain and peripheral nerves

C)Reflex center and relay center between brain and peripheral nerves

What system keeps the neuron at resting potential? A)Osmosis B)Pinocytosis C)Sodium-potassium pump D)Facilitated diffusion

C)Sodium-potassium pump

Which type of epithelium would be best for providing protection against abrasion? A)Simple cuboidal epithelium B)Transitional epithelium C)Stratified squamous epithelium D)Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

C)Stratified squamous epithelium

Which area of the brain serves as the sensory relay station for all sensory input except smell? A)Hypothalamus B)Pineal gland C)Thalamus D)Basal nuclei

C)Thalamus

Which of the following is NOT an aging effect of the skin? A)The skin wrinkles. B)The hair turns gray. C)The amount of adipose tissue increases. D)There are fewer sweat glands.

C)The amount of adipose tissue increases.

Which of the following is NOT true of the resting membrane potential? A)Potassium ions are concentrated inside the cell B)Sodium ions are concentrated outside the cell C)The membrane is freely permeable to sodium ions D)Large,negatively charged proteins are inside the cell

C)The membrane is freely permeable to sodium ions

Which of the following is NOT a protective function of the skin? A)Melanocytes protect from UV radiation. B)As a covering,it keeps pathogens out. C)The oily secretions allow bacteria to grow. D)Langerhans cells phagocytize pathogens.

C)The oily secretions allow bacteria to grow.

What happens to cells when they move from the epidermis to the surface of the skin? A)They obtain more nutrients. B)They divide more. C)They die. D)They become dermal cells.

C)They die.

What is needed to produce vitamin D? A)Calcium B)Phosphorus C)Ultraviolet light D)Calcium and phosphorus

C)Ultraviolet light

A person with no color in their skin,hair,and eyes has A)been exposed to the sun. B)a circulatory disorder. C)a genetic disorder. D)a nervous disorder.

C)a genetic disorder.

An inflammation of sebaceous glands that occurs during adolescence is A)impetigo. B)psoriasis. C)acne vulgaris. D)decubitus ulcer.

C)acne vulgaris.

An interneuron carries impulses A)to muscles and glands. B)to the CNS. C)always within the CNS.

C)always within the CNS.

The central canals of compact bone contain A)blood vessels. B)nerve fibers. C)both blood vessels and nerve fibers.

C)both blood vessels and nerve fibers.

Mixed nerves contain A)only sensory fibers. B)only motor fibers. C)both sensory and motor fibers.

C)both sensory and motor fibers.

Eczema is A)a bacterial infection. B)caused by over keratinization. C)caused by sensitivity to chemicals. D)caused by overactive cell division giving silvery scales.

C)caused by sensitivity to chemicals.

A nerve in the PNS is directly surrounded by the A)perineurium. B)endoneurium. C)epineurium. D)myelin sheath.

C)epineurium.

Specialized columnar cells that secrete mucus onto the surfaces of the tissue are called A)adipose cells. B)surface cells. C)goblet cells. D)endocrine cells.

C)goblet cells.

A cancer that travels to invade healthy tissue is said to A)be benign. B)be mutated. C)have metastasized. D)None apply.

C)have metastasized.

The summing up of excitatory and inhibitory signals received by a neuron is called A)summation. B)potentiation. C)integration. D)transmission.

C)integration.

The epidermis and dermis make up the A)serous membrane. B)subcutaneous membrane. C)integument. D)hypodermis.

C)integument.

The area of rapidly dividing cells in the nail base is the A)cuticle. B)nail bed. C)lunula. D)follicle.

C)lunula.

Within the central nervous system,the myelin sheath is produced from A)Schwann cells. B)neurolemmocytes. C)oligodendrocytes. D)All apply.

C)oligodendrocytes.

During repolarization A)chloride ions move outside the neuron. B)sodium ions move inside the neuron. C)potassium ions move outside the neuron. D)electrons stop moving along the axon.

C)potassium ions move outside the neuron.

Any influence that causes a mutated cell to begin uncontrollable growth is called a(n) A)initiator. B)carcinogen. C)promoter. D)vasculizer.

C)promoter.

The "jumping" of an action potential from one node of Ranvier to the next node is called A)point to point conduction. B)refractory conduction. C)saltatory conduction. D)summary conduction.

C)saltatory conduction.

Intestinal muscle is A)striated and voluntary. B)striated and involuntary. C)smooth and involuntary.

C)smooth and involuntary.

The space between the arachnoid and pia maters that is filled with cerebrospinal fluid is the A)dural venous sinus. B)subdural space. C)subarachnoid space. D)epidural space.

C)subarachnoid space.

The primary auditory area is located in the _____ lobe. A)frontal B)parietal C)temporal D)occipital

C)temporal

Pain is rarely felt from a A)first-degree burn. B)second-degree burn. C)third-degree or fourth-degree burn. D)sunburn.

C)third-degree or fourth-degree burn.

Merkel's cells detect sensations of A)pain. B)deep pressure. C)touch. D)temperature.

C)touch.

A bundle of parallel axons in the CNS is called a A)nerve. B)dendrite. C)tract. D)ganglion.

C)tract.

Which muscle tissue has striated cells that branch and are not under voluntary control? Skeletal Cardiac Smooth

Cardiac

What division of the nervous system is comprised of the brain and the spinal cord? Peripheral nervous system Central nervous system Autonomic nervous system

Central nervous system

The resting potential of a neuron is measured at A)+70 millivolts. B)+1.5 volts. C)- 45 millivolts. D)- 70 millivolts.

D)- 70 millivolts.

A neuron consists of A)dendrites. B)a cell body. C)an axon. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Adipose tissue A)is for insulation. B)gives a rounded appearance to the body. C)in excess results in obesity. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Epithelial tissue A)prevents drying. B)secretes mucus. C)absorbs molecules. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Melanin A)is a pigment. B)protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation. C)is located in the epidermis. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Mucus is a protection against A)bacteriA. B)viruses. C)digestive juices. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Severe burns result in A)fluid loss. B)heat loss. C)bacterial infection. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

The arrector pili muscle A)is a smooth muscle. B)causes hair to "stand on end." C)contracts when cold,forming goose bumps. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

The epidermis A)is the outer layer of skin. B)consists of stratified squamous epithelial cells. C)contains melanocytes. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

The limbic system is concerned with A)relating feelings to experiences. B)our deepest emotions,such as rage and pleasure. C)learning and memory. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

The peritoneum A)is a serous membrane. B)is found in the abdomen. C)forms the mesentery. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

What is responsible for skin color? A)Carotene B)Melanin C)Hemoglobin D)All apply.

D)All apply.

What is the function of a blood clot? A)Prevents blood loss B)Prevents toxins from entering other tissues C)Prevents pathogens from entering other tissue D)All apply.

D)All apply.

What protects the spinal cord? A)Vertebrae B)Meninges C)Cerebrospinal fluid D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Where may cartilage be found? A)Trachea B)Outer ear C)Ends of long bones D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which consists of keratinized cells? A)Hair B)Nails C)Stratum corneum D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which is true of the skin? A)It is waterproof. B)It prevents water loss. C)It prevents water from entering when immersed. D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following are examples of body membranes? A)Meninges B)Synovial membranes C)Serous membranes D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following are known carcinogens? A)Viruses B)Excessive radiation C)Certain chemicals D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following can be used to classify muscular tissue? A)Location B)Striations C)Voluntary control D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following is a function of the skin? A)Protection B)Sensory reception C)Synthesis of vitamin D D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following is a function of the sympathetic division of the ANS? A)Inhibits tears B)Decreases intestinal activity C)Inhibits urination D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following is a method for detecting cancer? A)Mammogram B)Blood test C)Biopsy D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which of the following is/are connective tissue(s)? A)Bone B)Cartilage C)Blood D)All apply.

D)All apply.

Which type of neuron is involved in a reflex arc? A)Sensory B)Motor C)Interneuron D)All apply.

D)All apply.

What type of connective tissue is composed of all three types of fibers,has a spider-web appearance,and binds tissues together? A)Dense connective tissue B)Adipose tissue C)Reticular connective tissue D)Areolar connective tissue

D)Areolar connective tissue

Which tissue has lacunae? A)Bone B)Cartilage C)Tendons D)Bone and cartilage

D)Bone and cartilage

Which type(s)of skin gland(s)become(s)active with puberty? A)Sebaceous gland B)Apocrine sweat gland C)Eccrine sweat gland D)Both sebaceous and apocrine sweat glands.

D)Both sebaceous and apocrine sweat glands.

What triggers the release of a neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron vesicles? A)Sodium ions B)Potassium ions C)Electrons D)Calcium ions

D)Calcium ions p178

What can give skin a yellowish hue? A)Hemoglobin B)Melanin C)Keratin D)Carotene

D)Carotene

Which part of the brain serves to coordinate skeletal muscle movements? A)Cerebrum B)Diencephalon C)Pons D)Cerebellum

D)Cerebellum

What type of skin gland secretes earwax? A)Sebaceous gland B)Eccrine sweat gland C)Apocrine sweat gland D)Ceruminous gland

D)Ceruminous gland

What does the action potential consist of? A)Depolarization B)Repolarization C)Resting potential D)Depolarization and repolarization

D)Depolarization and repolarization

What is the dominant cell found in fibrous connective tissue? A)Osteocyte B)Chondrocyte C)Erythrocyte D)Fibroblast

D)Fibroblast

Which part of the brain is the link between the nervous and endocrine systems? A)Midbrain B)Pons C)Thalamus D)Hypothalamus

D)Hypothalamus

Which parts of the nervous system work together to provide much of the body's homeostasis? A)Cerebrum and midbrain B)Pons and medulla oblongata C)Hypothalamus and thalamus D)Hypothalamus and medulla oblongata

D)Hypothalamus and medulla oblongata

Which lobe of the cerebrum is involved in social emotions and taste? A)Occipital B)Frontal C)Temporal D)Insula

D)Insula

Which of the following is NOT an example of dense connective tissue? A)Aponeuroses B)Dermis of the skin C)Ligaments D)Lymph nodes

D)Lymph nodes

Which type of neuroglia is phagocytotic and engulfs bacteria? A)Astrocytes B)Oligodendrocytes C)Schwann cells D)Microglia

D)Microglia

Which of the following spinal nerves does NOT innervate the hands? A)Radial nerve B)Ulnar nerve C)Median nerve D)Musculocutaneous nerve

D)Musculocutaneous nerve

Which would NOT occur when the body temperature is too low? A)Involuntary muscle contraction B)Dermal blood vessel dilation C)Sweat production D)Neither dermal blood vessel dilation nor sweat production would occur.

D)Neither dermal blood vessel dilation nor sweat production would occur.

What is the function of Langerhans cells? A)Water-proofing B)UV protection C)Register pain D)Phagocytize microbes

D)Phagocytize microbes

Which spinal nerve serves the diaphragm? A)Radial B)Ulnar C)Musculocutaneous D)Phrenic

D)Phrenic

What type of epithelium is found where simple diffusion occurs? A)Simple columnar B)Pseudostratified columnar C)Stratified squamous D)Simple squamous

D)Simple squamous

Which effectors of the PNS are served by somatic motor nerves? A)Cardiac muscle B)Glands C)Smooth muscle D)Skeletal muscle

D)Skeletal muscle

Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the cerebrum? A)Occipital lobe B)Frontal lobe C)Temporal lobe D)Sphenoid lobe

D)Sphenoid lobe

In which layer of the epidermis are cells constantly dividing? A)Stratum corneum B)Stratum lucidum C)Stratum dermis D)Stratum basale

D)Stratum basale

Which layer of the epidermis protects from abrasion and is found only in thick skin? A)Stratum basale B)Hypodermis C)Stratum corneum D)Stratum lucidum

D)Stratum lucidum

What type of epithelium is found in the urinary bladder and allows it to stretch and slide to create a barrier? A)Simple columnar epithelium B)Stratified squamous epithelium C)Stratified cuboidal epithelium D)Transitional epithelium

D)Transitional epithelium

Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT a purely sensory nerve? A)Vestibulocochlear B)Olfactory C)Optic D)Trochlear

D)Trochlear

Which cranial nerve is NOT associated with the tongue? A)Glossopharyngeal B)Hypoglossal C)Trigeminal D)Vagus

D)Vagus

Athlete's foot is A)a bacterial infection. B)caused by over keratinization. C)caused by sensitivity to chemicals. D)a fungal infection.

D)a fungal infection.

The neurotransmitter used by the parasympathetic nervous system is A)norepinephrine. B)dopamine. C)serotonin. D)acetylcholine.

D)acetylcholine.

The autonomic nervous system A)controls skeletal muscle contractions. B)controls actions of the internal viscera. C)controls release of secretions from glands. D)both controls actions of the internal viscera and controls release of secretions from glands are correct.

D)both controls actions of the internal viscera and controls release of secretions from glands are correct.

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the A)dural mater. B)pia mater. C)ventricles. D)choroid plexus.

D)choroid plexus.

Most glands secrete their product by A)phagocytosis. B)pinocytosis. C)endocytosis. D)exocytosis.

D)exocytosis.

Small signals in a synapse that don't reach threshold,but can add together are called A)receptor potentials. B)action potentials. C)resting potentials. D)graded potentials.

D)graded potentials.

Wernicke's area or general interpretive area,is involved with A)speech. B)critical thinking. C)planning actions. D)interpreting written and spoken language.

D)interpreting written and spoken language.

The parietal pleura A)lines the abdominal cavity. B)covers the lungs. C)covers the digestive organs. D)lines the thoracic wall.

D)lines the thoracic wall.

The primary visual area is located in the ______ lobe. A)frontal B)parietal C)temporal D)occipital

D)occipital

The primary gustatory (taste)cortex is located in the ______. A)frontal lobe B)occipital lobe C)temporal lobe D)parietal and insula

D)parietal and insula

Which type of extracellular junction forms an impermeable barrier of cells? A)gap junction B)adhesion junction C)membrane junction D)tight junction

D)tight junction

Nutrient and oxygen supply for the epidermis comes from blood vessels located in the_________ layer of the skin.

Dermis

What layer of the skin contains collagen fibers, glands, blood vessels, and sensory receptors? Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis

Dermis

Where are the blood vessels that supply the epidermis with nutrients and oxygen located? Dermis Epidermis Hypodermis

Dermis

Which of these is an inflammatory skin disorder caused by sensitivity to chemicals, heat or dryness? Impetigo Eczema Candidiasis Urticaria

Eczema

Which layer of the skin lacks blood vessels? Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis

Epidermis

Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect against UV damage? The skin is naturally protected by the production of a yellowish pigment called carotene. In the presence of sunlight, hemoglobin circulation increases in order to form a protective barrier. Exposure to the sun increases melanin production which acts as a natural sunscreen.

Exposure to the sun increases melanin production which acts as a natural sunscreen.

Hair is normally found on all parts of the human body. True False

False

The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system carries motor fibers.

False

A very strong stimulus produces a more intense action potential. True False

False A very strong stimulus does not increase the intensity of the action potential.

True or false: The axon of one neuron is directly attached to the dendrite of another neuron.

False: Reason: Neurons are not in physical contact with each other, there is a synaptic cleft, a tiny space, between neurons.

The ABCDE rule is used to determine the skin area involved in a burn. True or False

False: ABCDE rule is used to determine signs of melanoma skin cancer.

The number of melanocytes in a person's skin determines how dark their skin tone will be. True false

False: All people have about the same number of melanocytes. Among other things, skin color is due to the amount and color of melanin produced.

Another name for hives is psoriasis. True False

False: Another name for hives is urticaria.

Leukemias account for 90% of all human cancers. True False

False: Carcinomas account for 90% of all human cancers.

Most spinal cord tracts run in such a way that the left brain controls and receives sensory information from the left side of the body. True False

False: Most spinal cord tracts run in such a way that the left brain controls and receives sensory information from the right side of the body.

Much of the fetal skeleton is made of fibrocartilage that is later replaced by bone. True False

False: Much of the fetal skeleton is made of hyaline cartilage that is later replaced by bone.

Mucous membranes line internal body cavities. True False

False: Mucous membranes line cavities that are open to the outside.

Muscle tissue can only be classified by the appearance of the fibers. True False

False: Muscle tissue is classified by appearance of the fibers,the location,and mode of action.

All types of epithelial cells have the ability to slide with respect to each other. True False

False: Only transitional epithelial cells have the ability to slide with respect to each other.

An action potential can jump from one neuron to the next neuron. True False

False: action potential can not jump from one neuron to the next neuron.

An adult with third-degree burns over 15% of their body would NOT be considered critical. True False False

False: adult with third-degree burns over 10% or more of their body would be considered critical.

The autonomic nervous system is in control of voluntary activities. True False

False: autonomic nervous system is in control of involuntary activities.

The dermal papillae,found in the hypodermis,create the unique fingerprints of individuals. True False

False: dermal papillae,found in the papillary layer of the dermis,create the unique fingerprints of individuals.

The epidermis is very vascular. True False

False: epidermis is avascular.

It is impossible to maintain mental function as we age. True False

False: function can be maintained as we age.

Most of the body's systems can function independently of the nervous system. True False

False: of the body's systems could not function correctly without nervous system control.

Older persons are more likely to feel cold because the dermis becomes thinner. True False

False: persons are more likely to feel cold because the hypodermis becomes thinner (less adipose tissue).

A refractory period after an action potential has past will allow the impulse to go backwards. True False

False: refractory period after an action potential has past will not allow the impulse to go backwards.

The right side of the brain controls the right side of the body. True False

False: right side of the brain controls the left side of the body.

Most somatic reflexes involve the CNS. True False

False: somatic reflexes do not involve the CNS.

Blood cells are formed in the spaces of compact bone. True False

False:Blood cells are formed in the spaces of spongy bone.

The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system carries motor fibers. True False

False:The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system carries sensory fibers.

The brain and spinal cord make up the peripheral nervous system. True False

False:The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system.

Explain the difference between first-degree and third-degree burns.Which one would possibly require skin grafting? Essay First-degree burns affect only the epidermis,causing redness and pain.Third-degree burns destroy the entire thickness of the skin,and would possibly need skin grafting.

First-degree burns affect only the epidermis,causing redness and pain.Third-degree burns destroy the entire thickness of the skin,and would possibly need skin grafting.

Which ventricle is located in the midline of the brainstem, just anterior to the cerebellum? Fourth Third First Second

Fourth

What cell types secrete mucus onto the free surface of the epithelium? Squamous cell Transitional cell Goblet cell

Goblet cell

Which tissue of the CNS consists of unmyelinated axons and cell bodies? Gray matter White matter

Gray matter

Select all of these that are accessory structures of the skin. Stratum basale Hairs Glands Moles Nails

Hairs Glands Nails

Identify parts of the human body that are covered with hair. Penis Head Palms of the hands Back Lips

Head Back

Compare the cerebrum and spinal cord with regard to the location of gray and white matter.

In the spinal cord,gray matter is found in the center,or core,and white matter is found near the surface.In the cerebrum,the gray matter is near the surface and the white matter is deeper.

Where does smooth muscle tissue occur in the body? In the walls of veins and arteries Attached to bones In the walls of hollow organs In the heart

In the walls of veins and arteries In the walls of hollow organs

The interpretation of the olfactory information would fall under which general function of the nervous system?

Integration

The skin and its associated structures form the_________ system.

Integumentary

Which of the following is/are true about the location of the fourth ventricle? It is in the brainstem. It is in the thalamus. It is in the cerebellum. It is found in the midline of the brain.

It is in the brainstem. It is found in the midline of the brain.

Which of these is a set of brain structures associated with emotion and memory? Diencephalon Limbic system Broca's area Brain stem

Limbic system

What are the membranes that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord? Pleurae Vertebrae Meninges Neuroglia Peritoneum

Meninges

These types of cells are specialized for contraction and also enable the movement of body parts. Nerve fibers Muscle fibers Connective fibers

Muscle fibers

Detection and transmission of sensory input, integration, and motor output are functions of which organ system? Respiratory Nervous Lymphatic Cardiovascular Muscular

Nervous

The cells that support and protect neurons are cells_____

Neuroglia

These cells make up more than half the volume of the brain, and support and protect neurons. Lymphocytes Neuroglia Red blood cells White blood cells

Neuroglia

Select all that apply Identify the two principal cells that make up the nervous tissues. Neuroglia Neutrophils Hepatocytes Neurons Keratinocytes

Neuroglia Neurons

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system? Prepares body for energy-expending, stressful, or emergency situations; "flight-or-fight" response Regulates body functions while in restful situations; "resting and digesting" response

Prepares body for energy-expending, stressful, or emergency situations; "flight-or-fight" response

Choose all of the ways that skin works with other organ systems to help maintain homeostasis. Produces vitamin D which ultimately helps store Ca2+ in bone Assist kidneys in regulating water balance Provides sensory information to the nervous system Helps skeletal system maintain temperature

Produces vitamin D which ultimately helps store Ca2+ in bone Assist kidneys in regulating water balance Provides sensory information to the nervous system

Identify the common symptoms of heat exhaustion: Profuse sweating Electrolyte imbalance Low blood pressure Lower than normal body temperature

Profuse sweating Electrolyte imbalance Low blood pressure

Select all of these that are functions of the dermis. Provide sensory information Protect the body from water loss Anchor the epidermis Provide nutrients to the epidermis

Provide sensory information Anchor the epidermis Provide nutrients to the epidermis

______ is the tissue which usually contains numerous goblet cells and ciliated columnar cells, and can be found lining the respiratory tract, Stratified ciliated columnar epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple goblet epithelium Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

List the following reflex arc components in the order that they would function in producing reflex activity: effector organ,interneuron,motor neuron,receptor,sensory neuron.

Receptor,sensory neuron,interneuron,motor neuron,effector organ

What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system? Prepares body for energy-expending, stressful, or emergency situations; "flight-or-fight" response Regulates body functions while in restful situations; "resting and digesting" response

Regulates body functions while in restful situations; "resting and digesting" response

List the functions of the epithelial tissues. Secretion Absorption Regeneration of muscle Protection

Secretion Absorption Protection

What type of epithelium can be found in the thyroid gland, ovaries, and lining most of the kidney tubules? Simple squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Which effectors of the PNS are served by somatic motor nerves?

Skeletal muscle

Compare the appearance of the three types of muscle tissue. Essay

Skeletal muscle fibers are cylindrical,striated,and multinucleate.Cardiac muscle fibers are branched,striated,and uninucleate.Smooth muscle fibers are nonstriated,spindle-shaped,and uninucleate.

Signals are sent by the nervous system to effectors. Which is an example of an effector?

Smooth muscles in the walls of blood vessels.

Identify the organ that is located in the vertebral canal. Pons Cerebellum Brain Midbrain Spinal cord

Spinal cord

What structure conducts nerve impulses towards and away from the brain and also acts as a motor reflex center? Vertebral column Sympathetic trunk Spinal cord

Spinal cord

What type of tissue is the epidermis composed of? Dense connective tissue Areolar connective tissue Stratified squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple columnar epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium

Describe how sweat cools the body and explain why sitting in front of a fan cools the body more rapidly.

Sweat absorbs body heat and the evaporation of sweat carries the heat away.Sitting in front of a fan increases the rate of sweat evaporation.

The_______ and the_______ are the two major components of the diencephalon.

Thalamus, hypothalamus

Which of the following are characteristics of nerve tissue: The brain and spinal cord are composed of this tissue. It responds to changes by transmitting nerve signals. Its cells generate and conduct nerve signals. Its main function is to protect the body surfaces.

The brain and spinal cord are composed of this tissue. It responds to changes by transmitting nerve signals. Its cells generate and conduct nerve signals.

Select all of these that are true statements regarding the cerebrum. The cerebrum is the largest portion of the brain. The cerebrum integrates sensory input. The cerebrum is in control of voluntary actions. The cerebrum is divided into four hemispheres. The cerebrum is the most inferior portion of the brain.

The cerebrum is the largest portion of the brain. The cerebrum integrates sensory input. The cerebrum is in control of voluntary actions.

Why are carcinomas more common than other forms of cancer? Essay

The chance of cancer occurring in a tissue is related to the rate of cell division in the tissue.Epithelial cells divide more often than cells of other tissues so carcinoma (cancer of epithelium)is the most common form of cancer.

Describe the effects that long-term exposure to the sun may have on the skin.

The exposure to ultraviolet radiation causes dividing skin cells to become cancerous.UV radiation also causes aging changes such as rough skin,mottled pigmentation,fine lines and wrinkles,deep furrows,and benign skin growths.

Distinguish between the stratum basale and the stratum corneum regarding structure and function. Essay

The stratum basale,the lowest layer of the epidermis,lies just above the dermis and contains basal cells that are constantly dividing.The new cells are pushed away from the dermis,accumulate the protein keratin and then die as they move away from the blood vessels of the dermis.These dead,flat,hard,waterproof cells form the stratum corneum,the surface layer of the epidermis.

When someone is frightened,they seem to have more strength to run or fight than normal.What is the reason for this?

The sympathetic nervous system releases the neurotransmitter norepinephrine which accelerates the heartbeat and increases respiration.

A tissue is defined as: Organelles that are grouped together for dividing purposes. A group of specialized cells with similar function. A group of molecules with similar function. A group of organs with a similar function.

A group of specialized cells with similar function.

Which of the following are connective tissue membranes? A)Meninges B)Cutaneous membranes C)Serous membranes D)Mucous membranes

A)Meninges

Which system innervates skeletal muscles? A)Somatic B)Sympathetic C)Parasympathetic D)All apply.

A)Somatic

Glands are mostly made of A)epithelial cells. B)muscle cells. C)nerve cells. D)blood cells.

A)epithelial cells.

Glands that secrete products into ducts are called A)exocrine. B)endocrine. C)hormonal. D)endocrine and hormonal.

A)exocrine.

The epidermis only is damaged from a A)first-degree burn. B)second-degree burn. C)third-degree burn. D)fourth-degree burn.

A)first-degree burn.

An action potential begins with a A)stimulus. B)depolarization. C)repolarization. D)refractory period

A)stimulus.

Skeletal muscle is A)striated and voluntary. B)striated and involuntary. C)smooth and involuntary.

A)striated and voluntary.

Poorly oxygenated blood in the dermis will cause an individual to A)turn cyanotic. B)blush. C)have pallor. D)be pinkish.

A)turn cyanotic

What is the structural classification of interneurons? A)Unipolar B)Multipolar C)Bipolar

B)Multipolar

Which of the following is NOT another name for the skin? A)Integument B)Serous membrane C)Cutaneous membrane D)All apply.

B)Serous membrane

Which layer of the epidermis is closest to the surface? A)Stratum lucidum B)Stratum corneum C)Dermis D)Stratum basale

B)Stratum corneum

What type of skin gland secretes sweat? A)Sebaceous gland B)Sudoriferous gland C)Ceruminous gland D)Mammary gland

B)Sudoriferous gland

What is the function of an adhesion junction? A)Create an impermeable barrier between cells B)To keep cells from pulling apart C)To allow materials to pass from cell to cell D)None apply.

B)To keep cells from pulling apart

How many neurons are in most autonomic nervous system pathways? A)One B)Two C)Three D)It can vary

B)Two

The autonomic system that gets the body ready for "fight or flight" is the A)parasympathetic nervous system. B)sympathetic nervous system. C)somatic motor nervous system.

B)sympathetic nervous system.

Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with A)meninges. B)synovial membranes. C)mucous membranes. D)All apply.

B)synovial membranes.

A sensory neuron carries impulses A)to muscles and glands. B)to the CNS. C)always within the CNS.

B)to the CNS.

The preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division arise from the______ and_______ regions of the spinal cord. Listen to the complete question

Blank 1: thoracic, thoracic-lumbar, or middle Blank 2: lumbar

The preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division arise from the_______ and_______ regions of the spinal cord.

Blank 1: thoracic, thoracic-lumbar, or middle Blank 2: lumbar

Which of the following is an action of the parasympathetic division of the ANS? A)Speeds up the heart B)Stimulates the liver to release glucose C)Constricts bronchioles D)Inhibits salivation

C)Constricts bronchioles

What is the body's response of the knee-jerk reflex? A)Contraction of the hamstring muscles B)Contraction of the abdominal muscles C)Contraction of the quadriceps femoris muscles D)Contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle

C)Contraction of the quadriceps femoris muscles

Which type of neuroglia forms the myelin sheath around nerves outside the brain and spinal cord? A)ependymal cells B)astrocytes C)Schwann cells D)oligodendrocytes

C)Schwann cells

What type of tissue lines the small intestine? A)Squamous epithelium B)Loose connective C)Simple columnar epithelium D)Simple cuboidal epithelium

C)Simple columnar epithelium

What ion is found on the outside of the neuron membrane that mostly contributes to a positive resting potential? A)Calcium B)Potassium C)Sodium D)Chloride

C)Sodium

What type of tissue is characterized by having cells separated by a non-living matrix, contains numerous fibers and whose consistency varies from a solid to a liquid? Smooth muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Nerve tissue

Connective tissue

Which of the following is part of a neuron? A)Axon B)Cell body C)Dendrite D)All apply.

D)All apply.

The optic nerve is a A)cranial nerve. B)sensory nerve. C)spinal nerve. D)cranial nerve and a sensory nerve.

D)cranial nerve and a sensory nerve.

The dermis is composed of A)stratified squamous epithelium. B)pseudostratified columnar epithelium. C)loose connective tissue. D)dense irregular connective tissue.

D)dense irregular connective tissue.

Simple epithelium has two or more layers. T or F

False: Simple epithelium has one layer of cells.

The skin aids the urinary system by excreting water and small amounts of other wastes through perspiration. True False

True

The skin is both an organ and an organ system. True False

True

The motor division is also called the ______system; the sensory division is also called the ____system.

efferent; afferent

Within the skin, the _________ is composed of stratified squamous epithelium.

epidermis

The tissue that can protect the body from drying out, sweep up impurities in the respiratory tract, and secrete mucous is ____ tissue. nerve muscle epithelial connective

epithelial

Glands are primarily made up of __________. muscle tissue connective tissue nerve tissue epithelium

epithelium

An ______ neurotransmitter will bring the postsynaptic membrane closer to threshold and thus fire an action potential. excitatory inhibitory

excitatory

True or false: Aging causes a decrease in neurotransmitter production, resulting in faster synaptic transmission.

false

One or more epithelial cells that produce and secrete a product are known as a _____. gland vesicle membrane desmosome

gland

The small chambers that house chondrocytes are called ___________

lacuna or lacunae

In dense tissue, such as cartilage and bone, cells reside in small cavities called caves lacunae canaliculi

lacunae

Protective membranous coverings that lie between bony coverings and the soft tissues of the CNS are called __________

meninges

Triggering the release of saliva when thinking of food is part of which nervous system function?

motor output

The protein filaments found in muscle fibers that allow for contraction are: tryptophan keratin myosin actin

myosin actin

The type of tissue composed of neurons and neuroglia is ______ tissue. epithelial nerve connective muscular

nerve

Gray matter is composed of: neural cell bodies myelinated fibers unmyelinated fibers

neural cell bodies unmyelinated fibers

_________muscle tissue has elongated, cylindrical cells, and it is voluntary.

skeletal

The components of the central and peripheral nervous systems are protected by the: respiratory system skeletal system digestive system muscular system integumentary system

skeletal system muscular system integumentary system

An extracellular junction that forms an impermeable barrier is called a(n)______ adhesion junction gap junction tight junction

tight junction

A group of specialized cells that work together to perform a common function in the body is known as a(n) ________

tissue

Epithelium that can change in response to tension (such as pressure) is called______ epithelium.

transitional

List and describe the three types of functional areas in the cerebrum.

1)Sensory areas receive sensory impulses and produce sensations. 2)Motor areas initiate nerve impulses that control muscle fibers. 3)Association areas are believed to contain areas for intelligence,artistic and creative ability,and learning.

List the following in the correct sequence as they occur in response to a stimulus.

1. Sensory receptor detects a stimulus. 2. Afferent nerves carry sensory information to brain and spinal cord. 3. Integration occurs in the CNS 4. Efferent nerves carry motor information to effectors 5. Effector responds to original stimulus

Which of the following is NOT a danger signal for cancer? A)A sore that heals quickly. B)A change in bowel habits. C)An obvious change in a wart or mole. D)A nagging cough.

A)A sore that heals quickly.

Which of the following is a common neurotransmitter? A)Acetylcholine B)Acetylcholinesterase C)An enzyme D)Acetylcholinesterase and an enzyme

A)Acetylcholine

What type of connective tissue is made of enlarged fibroblasts that are filled with fat,and provides insulation,padding,and energy storage? A)Adipose tissue B)Areolar connective tissue C)Dense connective tissue D)Aponeuroses

A)Adipose tissue

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of connective tissue? A)All types are avascular. B)It has a non-living extracellular matrix. C)It contains fibers as well as cells. D)Can be a solid,semifluid,or a fluid

A)All types are avascular.

Which part of a neuron carries impulse away from the cell body? A)Axon B)Dendrite C)Nucleus )Neuroglia

A)Axon

Which of the following is the most common type of skin cancer? A)Basal cell carcinoma B)Squamous cell carcinoma C)Melanoma D)Kaposi's sarcoma

A)Basal cell carcinoma

The motor speech area is found in the left frontal lobe and called A)Broca's area B)Wernicke's area. C)prefrontal area. D)insula.

A)Broca's area

The spinal cord is part of the ___________,while the cranial nerves are part of the ___________. A)CNS,PNS B)PNS,CNS

A)CNS,PNS

Which of the following spinal nerve areas is NOT matched with the correct number of nerve pairs? A)Cervical - 7 B)Thoracic - 12 C)Lumbar - 5 D)Sacral - 5

A)Cervical - 7

Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation as seen in a skin injury? A)Cold B)Swelling C)Redness D)Pain

A)Cold

What type of tissue is made of concentric rings called an osteon or Haversian system? A)Compact bone B)Hyaline cartilage C)Adipose tissue D)Spongy bone

A)Compact bone

Which of the following is NOT a cause of skin wrinkles? A)Decrease in the number of hair follicles B)Less padding from the hypodermis C)Loose epidermis D)Fewer and less organized dermal fibers

A)Decrease in the number of hair follicles

Which of the following allows movement of muscles and joints and maintains normal skin tension? A)Elastic fibers B)Collagen fibers C)Sensory fibers D)Dermal papillae

A)Elastic fibers

What type of cartilage makes up the intervertebral disks? A)Fibrocartilage B)Hyaline cartilage C)Elastic cartilage

A)Fibrocartilage

What condition is described by high temperature,low blood pressure,and loss of salts due to profuse sweating? A)Heat exhaustion B)Heat stroke C)Fever D)Hypothermia

A)Heat exhaustion

What part of the limbic system is vital in converting short-term memory to long-term memory? A)Hippocampus B)Thalamus C)Hypothalamus D)Basal nuclei

A)Hippocampus

Which of the following is the most common type of cartilage? A)Hyaline cartilage B)Elastic cartilage C)Fibrocartilage

A)Hyaline cartilage

Which area of the brain is most concerned with homeostasis? A)Hypothalamus B)Cerebrum C)Thalamus D)Cerebellum

A)Hypothalamus

What type of skin cancer is seen most often in patients with AIDS? A)Kaposi's sarcoma B)Basal cell carcinoma C)Melanoma D)Squamous cell carcinoma

A)Kaposi's sarcoma

The receptors for neurotransmitters on the post-synaptic neuron membrane are of what type? A)Ligand-regulated gates B)Voltage-regulated gates C)Synaptic-regulated gates D)Threshold-regulated gates

A)Ligand-regulated gates

From which area of the spinal cord does the femoral nerve come from? A)Lumbar region B)Sacral region C)Thoracic region D)Coccygeal region

A)Lumbar region

Which of the following are features of Alzheimer Disease? A)Neurofibrillary tangles around cell bodies of neurons B)Build up of amyloid plaques around axon branches C)Reduced amounts of acetylcholine D)All apply.

A)Neurofibrillary tangles around cell bodies of neurons

What is the body's response to the ankle-jerk reflex? A)Plantar flexion B)Dorsiflexion C)Extension of the knee D)Extension of the toes

A)Plantar flexion

Which of the following is NOT a shape of epithelial tissue cells? A)Rectangular B)Squamous C)Columnar D)Cuboidal

A)Rectangular

Within the peripheral nervous system,the myelin sheath is formed by A)Schwann cells. B)oligodendrocytes. C)microglial cells. D)astrocytes.

A)Schwann cells.

What type of gland is associated with hair follicles? A)Sebaceous glands B)Apocrine sweat glands C)Eccrine sweat glands D)Ceruminous glands

A)Sebaceous glands

What is the purpose of Goblet cells found in columnar and pseudo columnar epithelium? A)Secrete mucus B)Secrete digestive enzymes C)Secrete water D)All apply.

A)Secrete mucus

What type of epithelium is often found in glands and kidney tubules? A)Simple cuboidal B)Simple squamous C)Stratified squamous D)Pseudostratified columnar

A)Simple cuboidal

Which of the following is NOT served by the somatic sensory division of the PNS? A)Stomach B)Skeletal muscles C)Special senses D)Skin

A)Stomach

Which of the following is NOT a location where cerebrospinal fluid is found? A)Subdural space B)Brain ventricles C)Central canal of the spinal cord D)Subarachnoid space

A)Subdural space

Which of the following connects muscles to bones? A)Tendons B)Cartilage C)Adipose tissue D)Ligaments

A)Tendons

Which of the following is a type of loose fibrous connective tissue? A)Tendons B)Cartilage C)Adipose tissue D)Ligaments

A)Tendons

Which of the following is NOT part of the brain stem? A)Thalamus B)Medulla oblongata C)Pons D)Midbrain

A)Thalamus

What is the main determinant of connective tissue properties? A)The characteristics of the matrix B)The characteristics of the cells C)The types of cells present D)The layers of the tissue

A)The characteristics of the matrix

Which of the following is NOT true of the sympathetic division of the ANS? A)The ganglia are located near the effectors. B)Cell body of the preganglionic neuron is in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord. C)The preganglionic neurons are short. D)The postganglionic neurons are long.

A)The ganglia are located near the effectors.

Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT associated with eye muscles? A)Trigeminal B)Oculomotor C)Trochlear D)Abducens

A)Trigeminal

Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT purely motor in its function? A)Trigeminal B)Trochlear C)Spinal accessory D)Abducens

A)Trigeminal

What is the structural classification of a sensory neuron? A)Unipolar B)Multipolar C)Bipolar

A)Unipolar

Impetigo is A)a bacterial infection resulting in crusty pustules. B)caused by over keratinization. C)overactive cell division. D)a fungal infection.

A)a bacterial infection resulting in crusty pustules.

The inability to produce the pigment melanin is called A)albinism. B)cyanosis. C)decubitus. D)alopecia.

A)albinism.

Nerves are primarily composed of A)axons. B)dendrites. C)cell bodies. D)All apply.

A)axons.

The lateral ventricles are located in the A)cerebrum. B)medulla oblongata. C)thalamus. D)cerebellum.

A)cerebrum.

The tough outer meninx is the A)dura mater. B)arachnoid mater. C)pia mater.

A)dura mater.

Which type of neuroglia line the ventricles of the brain? A)ependymal cells B)microglia C)Schwann cells D)astrocytes

A)ependymal cells

The primary motor cortex is located in the _____ lobe. A)frontal B)parietal C)temporal D)occipital

A)frontal

A condition described by excessive body and facial hair in women is A)hirsutism. B)decubitus ulcer. C)scabies. D)alopecia.

A)hirsutism.

The ___________ contains adipose tissue,while the ___________ contains melanocytes. A)hypodermis,epidermis B)epidermis,dermis C)skin,hypodermis D)stratum basale,stratum corneum

A)hypodermis,epidermis

Flexion creases in the skin are due to the A)hypodermis. B)epidermis. C)cutaneous membrane. D)dermis.

A)hypodermis.

In the spinal cord,the gray matter is A)inside with white matter outside. B)outside with white matter inside.

A)inside with white matter outside.

Actin and myosin are found in A)muscle. B)bone. C)blood. D)cartilage.

A)muscle.

When a nerve is at its resting potential,the inside charge is A)negative. B)positive. C)neutral.

A)negative.

Restful activities are governed by the A)parasympathetic nervous system. B)sympathetic nervous system. C)both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

A)parasympathetic nervous system.

A fascicle of axons is surrounded by the A)perineurium. B)endoneurium. C)epineurium. D)myelin sheath.

A)perineurium.

Cancers of connective tissue are called A)sarcomas. B)carcinomas. C)leukemias. D)lymphomas.

A)sarcomas.

The posterior root of a spinal nerve contains ________fibers,while the anterior root contains ______ fibers. A)sensory;motor B)sensory;association C)motor;sensory D)motor;association

A)sensory;motor

The small gap between two successive neurons is called the A)synaptic cleft. B)axon terminal. C)dendrite terminal. D)neurotransmitter.

A)synaptic cleft.

A motor neuron carries impulses A)to muscles and glands. B)to the CNS. C)always within the CNS.

A)to muscles and glands.

The ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord are part of the A)white matter. B)gray matter. C)both gray matter and white matter.

A)white matter.

Tracts of myelinated axons in the CNS make up the A)white matter. B)gray matter. C)cerebrospinal fluid. D)ventricles.

A)white matter.

A change in diet,for example increasing fiber intake,can reduce the risk for certain cancers. True False

True

Adhesion junctions are found between cells of the cervix to keep it from ripping during birth. True False

True

All spinal nerves are mixed nerves. True False

True

An inhibitory neurotransmitter will make the postsynaptic membrane less likely to reach threshold and thus less likely to fire an action potential. True False

True

An interneuron is also known as an association neuron. True False

True

Another name for the cutaneous membrane is the skin. True False

True

As we age,the cerebral cortex significantly shrinks in size. True False

True

Blood is special in that it has a fluid matrix that is not made by the cells of the blood. True False

True

Exposure to sunlight is the most common cause of skin cancer. True False

True

Gaps in the myelin sheath are called nodes of Ranvier. True False

True

Initiation of cancer is caused by a carcinogen that results in a mutation in the cell's DNA. True False

True

Many age-related changes to the skin appear to be due to sun damage. True False

True

Medications that block angiogenesis may help to fight cancer. True False

True

Neurotransmitters that open sodium-regulated gates are considered to be excitatory. True False

True

Reflexes help us to maintain balance. True False

True

Simple squamous epithelium is found in the alveoli of the lungs and in capillaries. True False

True

Spongy bone is composed of bony plates called trabeculae. True False

True

The blood vessels in the dermis supply the epidermis with oxygen and nutrients. True False

True

The conduction of an action potential obeys the all-or-none law. True False

True

The main difference between regular dense and irregular dense connective tissue is how the collagen fibers are arranged. True False

True

The many layers of stratified squamous epithelium provide protection,such as found in the skin. True False

True

The nervous and endocrine systems work closely together to maintain body functions. True False

True

The process of nerve signal conduction is termed an action potential. True False

True

The stratum basale is supplied with sensory nerves to detect pain,temperature,and touch. True False

True

True or false: In the central nervous system, there are more neuroglial cells than neurons.

True: Reason: There are more neuroglial cells than neurons are found in the CNS.

The integumentary system works with the muscular system to maintain body temperature. True false

True: Both systems play roles in temperature regulation, e.g., muscle contraction produces heat, and activation of sweat glands in the skin help to reduce heat.

The most dangerous skin cancer is cancer of the melanocyte. True false

True: Melanomas are the most dangerous skin cancers and these cancers arise from melanocytes.

Describe how the skin functions to promote bone development and maintenance. D.The vitamin D travels to the liver and kidneys where it is converted into the hormone calcitriol.Calcitriol regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus,two substances required for the formation of bone matrix.

When skin cells are exposed to UV radiation a precursor molecule in the cells is converted into vitamin D.The vitamin D travels to the liver and kidneys where it is converted into the hormone calcitriol.Calcitriol regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus,two substances required for the formation of bone matrix.

Compare the three types of fibers found in connective tissue. Essay

White fibers contain collagen and are flexible and strong.Yellow fibers contain elastin and are elastic but not as strong as collagen fibers.Reticular fibers also contain collagen but are thinner than white fibers and highly branched.

Which tissue of the CNS consists of myelinated axons that run together in tracts? White matter Gray matter

White matter