Unit 2 Section 2
A hypertonic solution is one that contains:
A greater concentration of solute than the cell
The energy required for active transport processes is obtained from:
ATP
Membrane pumps are an example of which type of movement?
Active transport
The "uphill" movement of a substance through a living cell membrane is:
Active transport
A molecule or other agent that alters enzyme function by changing its shape is called:
An allosteric effector
Enzymes that cause essential chemical reactions to occur are called:
Catalysts
Nurse Bricker was instructed to dissolve a pill in a small amount of liquid medication. As she dropped the capsule into the liquid, she was interrupted by the telephone. On her return to the medication cart, she found the medication completely dissolved and apparently scattered evenly throughout the liquid. This phenomenon did not surprise her because she was aware from her knowledge of cell transport that ______________ had created this distribution.
Diffusion
Osmosis is the ________ of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Diffusion
Carboxylases
Enzymes that add or remove carbon dioxide
Carrier-mediated passive transport
Facilitated diffusion
Facilitated diffusion is a metabolically expensive process.
False
Glycolysis is aerobic.
False
Osmosis is a form of filtration that results in the separation of small and large solute particles.
False
The "lock and key" model is used to describe how DNA base pairs align.
False
Which movement always occurs down a hydrostatic pressure gradient?
Filtration
The force of a fluid pushing against a surface could be described as:
Hydrostatic pressure
what is the solution that draws water from a cell
Hypertonic
solution that causes cells to swell
Hypotonic
two fluids that have the same potential osmotic pressure
Isotonic
Which of the following statements is NOT true of glycolysis?
It is also known as the Kerbs cycle
Which of the following activates enzymes by means of an allosteric effect?
Kinases
The Krebs cycle takes place in the
Mitochondria
permeant
Molecule able to diffuse across a particular membrane
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane in the presence of at least one impermeant solute is referred to as:
Osmosis
Movement of substances from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration is:
Passive transport
The trapping of bacteria by specialized white blood cells is an example of:
Phagocytosis
Which of the following is NOT a passive transport process?
Pinocytosis
Enzymes are:
Proteins
Glycolysis is a catabolic pathway that begins with glucose and ends with
Pyruvic acid
Molecules that are acted upon by enzymes are known as:
Substrates
The third step in cellular respiration is
The electron transport system
Cellular secretion can be achieved by exocytosis.
True
Protein anabolism is a major cellular activity
True
Solutes are particles dissolved in a solvent.
True
The citric acid cycle is also known as the Krebs cycle.
True
The portion of an enzyme molecule that chemically "fits" the substrate molecule(s) is referred to as the active site.
True
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of an active transport process.
True
The three processes that compose cellular respiration are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport system.
True
Aquaporins
Type of membrane channel
passive transport
diffusion
active transport
endocytosis
pepsin
enzyme
first stage of cellular respiration
glycolysis
A saline solution that contains a higher concentration of salt than living red blood cells would be:
hypertonic
A red blood cell becomes engorged with water and will eventually lyse, releasing hemoglobin into the solution. The solution is __________ to the red blood cell.
hypotonic
Endocytosis
phagocytosis
Membrane channels
protein "tunnels"
Bobbi ran in the Boston marathon. During the race she lost a lot of fluids through perspiration and became dehydrated. Would you expect her cells to shrink, swell, or remain the same?
shrink
Most enzymes are
specific in their action, alter their function by changing the shape of the molecule, synthesized as inactive proenzymes
An example of a cell that performs phagocytosis is the
white blood cells
pinocytosis
"cell drinking"
In naming enzymes, the root name of the substance whose chemical reaction is catalyzed is followed by the suffix:
-ase