Unit 2 Study

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Daily

This is the phase of the general adaptation syndrome in which we are MOST likely to become ill.

Exhaustion

Depression is currently believed to be linked to:

Heart disease

Which of the following statements about neurons is NOT true?

The intensity of the stimulus makes the neuron respond more intensely, so that a strong signal causes a stronger firing and a weaker signal causes a weaker firing.

People who report having a lot of daily hassles also experience more physical and psychological problems.

True

Positive events, as well as negative events, are important when considering the risk of stress-related illness.

True

Students are required to download the Canvas app to their smart phones.

True

The general adaptation syndrome in reaction to stress is nonspecific; it doesn't vary, no matter what the source, we react in the same series of stages.

True

Your professor can only respond to your emails when they come from your HCC email account.

True

The general adaptation syndrome occurs in three stages, which are, in order:

alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

Phineas Gage's accident provided some of the first evidence that the frontal lobes are critical for:

all of the other options are correct. -decision making -planning -emotional regulation or control

When we are torn between two mutually exclusive, but similarly desirable options, we are facing a(n) ____ choice.

approach-approach

Attempting to change our thoughts and feelings about a stressor or problem (emotion focused coping) is best paired with:

attempts to change the problem itself

Which of the following is the subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that controls the involuntary functioning of blood vessels, body organs, and glands?

autonomic nervous system

Information is transmitted WITHIN the neuron as a or an _________ signal, and information transmission BETWEEN neurons is a or an _________ signal.

electrical; chemical

After a trauma to the head, Tim showed deficits in his abstract thinking, memory, planning, and judgment. His personality deteriorated, as well. In what area of the cerebral cortex do you suspect damage?

frontal lobe

Which of the following might be the single most important factor in our ability to handle stress?

having social support through family or friends you can confide in

It seems almost unbelievable that so many students are sick during midterms and final exams, but actually these are times of _________ stress that _________ the effectiveness of the immune system to fight off illness.

high; decrease

Researchers wanted to see if adults were actually afraid of the dark by exposing them to different levels of light in a room while measuring their heart rates. In this experiment, what are the different levels of light?

independent variable

The insulating layer of fatty material that covers the axon of many neurons, making the electrical transmission through the axon faster and smoother is called the:

myelin sheath

The communication chemicals that actually cross the synaptic gap between axons and dendrites are:

neurotransmitters

Low levels of both _________ and _________ have been implicated as contributory factors in depression.

norepinephrine; serotonin

Damage to the _________ lobe can result in partial or complete blindness without any damage to the eyes.

occipital

Among people who have just had heart surgery, one would expect that _________ would be _________ likely to have post-surgical complications.

optimists; less

The diathesis/stress model predicts that our physical reaction to stress is based on:

our body's weakest organ or system

According to Lazarus', it is NOT the amount of control you actually have in any given situation that affects the amount of stress you will feel; it is the _________ control you assume to have.

perceived

A disorder characterized by chronic physiological arousal, sleep disturbances, recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of a previous trauma, and avoidance of things that call a past traumatic event to mind is called:

posttraumatic stress disorder.

The area of psychology and medicine that attempts to learn how stress affects the immune system is called:

psychoneuroimmunology

Surveys are valid only if the subjects are a or an ______ sample of the population.

representative

The typical state of a neuron is the _________ (when it is not passing a message or firing), but when electrical signals stimulate it to its threshold, the _________ is immediately observed, and the neuron fires or passes a message to other neurons.

resting potential; action potential

The _________ is a brain system that plays a role in the regulation of attention and arousal.

reticular formation / reticular activating system

The left brain hemisphere receives sensory input from the _________ and sends motor commands to the _________.

right side of the body; right side of the body

There are two special regions of the cortex dedicated to language, called Broca's and Wernicke's areas. Broca's area controls _________ and Wernicke's area controls _________.

speech production; speech comprehension

The gap between one neuron's axon and a dendrite or cell body of another neuron is part of the:

synapse

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is mainly involved in processing hearing, memory and language comprehension?

temporal

_________, which involves severe impairment of memory as part of a loss of intellect and personality, is most closely associated with the deterioration of _________-producing neurons.

Alzheimer's disease; acetylcholine

_________ and _________ are functional neuroimaging techniques; they measure brain activity.

PET; fMRI

Which item from each module tells you exactly what you need to know for each Unit exam?

Preparing for the Unit Test -Yes. You should fill out the questions and define the terms on these documents as you learn them in the readings and lectures. Pay particular attention to the lecture material for answers. Study this and keep this handy when taking an exam. Everything on the exam is included in this document.

Feeling we have LITTLE control over our lives is LESS psychologically healthy than internal locus of control.

True

At the end of each Unit, you should complete the Final Exam Workbook section that corresponds to that unit's course materials.

True -Yes. At the end of each Unit, you should complete the Final Exam Workbook section that corresponds to that unit's course materials, and take a look at the Final Exam Handbook that goes with that section of the course and Workbook. This will allow you to be prepared for the exam when the time comes. The Handbook and Workbook are much too large to try to accomplish them right before the final exam.

The statement, "Eating less spinach is associated with a shorter life span" is an example of:

a correlation

Which type of research would best enable us to predict people's job satisfaction based on knowledge of their highest educational level achieved?

a correlation

The hardy personality has been shown to offer protection from stress-induced illnesses. According to research, all the following traits are evident in hardiness EXCEPT:

a sense of conscientiousness.

Corey was struck in the back of the head with a baseball bat. After the blow, she had difficulty with balance and coordinated movements and experienced problems with walking and riding a bike. Which brain structure was probably damaged?

cerebellum

Which involves being motivated to change our thoughts, feelings and/or behaviors due to these not matching each other?

cognitive dissonance

In an experiment, researchers exposed half the children to 2 hours of violence on television every day for a month and made sure the other half saw no violence on television at all. At the end of the month, they measured the level of aggressiveness in the children. What were the children who weren't exposed to any violence on television?

control group

The _________ is the fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain.

corpus callosum

Those who react with _________ to stress are most likely to develop premature heart disease.

cynical hostility

What are the two specialized extensions of the neuron that allow it to communicate with other neurons?

dendrites and axons

In a neuron, the _________ receive information; the _________ send information.

dendrites; axons