Unit 2 - Water

economic benefits of building large dams

Storage of water for agriculture and domestic use and production of renewable energy.

Dead Zone Gulf of Mexico

a large zone of hypoxia caused by excessive decomposition of algae

Measured on the pH scale

acidity

eutrophication results in the death of trout and other fish as a result of

asphyxiation from lack of oxygen

NOT a source of DO in a body of water

increased amounts of DO in the water

greatest impact of development on the local water supply

there will be less recharge of groundwater

Negative environmental impacts associated with large-scale hydroelectric projects have been demonstrated in which of the following areas?

Aral Sea, former USSR, Mono Lake, California

oligotrophic

Lakes that are characterized by high water clarity and low concentrations of dissolved nutrients are classified as

primary treatment of sewage

Removal of solids

major anthropogenic sources of nitrogen pollution

commercial fertilizers, vehicle exhaust, industrial air pollution, and discharge of sewage to surface water

thermal pollution

decreases the amount of dissolved oxygen

water pollution

degradation of water quality

Storm water runoff from the new development into nearby Samel Creek will likely lead to which of the following?

destruction of fish habitats by high levels of suspended solids and sediments

what scenario could cause water temp to increase?

discharge from the power plant

Decreased by the breakdown of organic waste

dissolved oxygen

method of agricultural irrigation that results in the loss of the least amount of water by evap

drip irrigation

If wastewater treatment plant effluent that contains nitrates and phosphates is allowed to flow into a body of water, which of the following may result?

eutrophication

scientists moitoring disease potential of treated wastewater are most concerned with the concentration of...

fecal coliform bacteria

Measured by the amount of Ca2+ and Mg2+

hardness

septic system operations in order

household sewage piped in, heavy particles settle out of water and bacteria decompose grease and oil, wastewater containing suspended material flows into drain field, bacteria continue to decompose organic material in well-aerated soil, purified wastewater percolates into groundwater and evaporates from soil

common characteristic of lakes undergoing cultural eutrophication?

increased level of plant nutrients

logging in a watershed

increases water temp of local streams

DO concentrations drop quickly downstream from a point source input of organic matter into the river due to

increasing bacterial activity as organic matter decays

what is true of the ogallala aquifer?

it underlies the US High Plains and is being depleted by overuse

three common methods employed in the cleanup of oil spills are

large floating booms, skimmer boats, and gen engineered bacteria

As urbanization increases and natural soil surfaces are covered, the groundwater supply is reduced due to

loss of recharge area

Turbidity

measure of the amount suspended material in water

limestone

neutralizes acid rain

NOT an envi advantages of septic tanks

no byproducts of water treatment remain

An effective alternative to chlorine for disinfecting wastewater in a municipal treatment plant

ozone

best describes how the DO levels in a body of water fluctuate over the course of a day

peak in afternoon, decrease overnight

In August of 2014, residents of several Ohio cities that use Lake Erie as a drinking water source were warned not to drink tap water because of the presence of toxins released by blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). Which of the following is the most likely cause of recent blooms of blue-green algae in Lake Erie?

phosphorus contained in agricultural runoff

greatest amount of freshwater

polar ice caps and glaciers

a building/construction site affect water quality by...

producing loose sediment that washes away in heavy rainfall

most likely to increase nutrient levels and the bacterial content of lake water

runoff from a nearby hog farm

usual cause of cultural eutrophication in surface waters of both developed and developing countries

runoff of nitrate compounds into bodies of water

Overuse of groundwater in coastal areas would most likely result in

saltwater intrusion

Safe Drinking Water Act (1974)

set maximum contaminant levels for pollutants in drinking water and ground water

best explanation of the fact that agricultural production on floodplains is often relatively high

soil tends to be nutrient-rich and fertile

Transpiration

the emission of water vapor from the leaves of plants in the hydrologic cycle

Caused by suspended particulates

turbidity

components of wastewater treatment plant designed to facilitate the decomp of organic material by aerobic microorganisms

ultraviolet array

one important step that homeowners in the new development can take to protect water quality in Samel Creek would be to

use rain barrels to reduce the flow of stormwater into the creek

main component of raw sewage

water

The presence of fecal coliform bacteria in a sample of river water suggests which of the following?

water contaminated by animal waste