Unit 2.3 Leadership and Management

What are the leadership styles?

- autocratic - paternalistic - democratic - laissez-faire - situational

What are the key functions of management according to Charles Handy?

- managers as general practitioners = health problems have to be dealt with - managers as confronters of dilemmas = deal with constant flow of dilemmas - managers as balancers of cultural mixes = balance the cultural mix in an organization to get the best out of each individual

What are the key functions of management according to Henri Fayol?

- planning - commanding - controlling - coordinating - organizing

What are the key functions of management according to Peter Drucker?

- setting organizational objectives - organizing tasks and people - communicating with and motivating people - measuring performance - developing people

What is the difference between management and leadership?

- time and devotion (management is 9-5, leadership is 24 hours) - roles and responsibilities (managers = tactics, leaders = strategy) - influence (managers = actions because instructions, leaders = actions because inspiration [more socially engaged]) - risk taking (managers follow rules set by organization, leaders radical and take risks)

What is the autocratic leadership style?

makes all the decisions and prefers not to delegate any responsibility. Instead, the autocratic leader tells subordinates what to do. This style is suitable in situations that require quick decision making or when critical decisions have to be made. The style is also appropriate when the workers are unskilled. One drawback is that communication is top-down, so any opinions or suggestions of the workers are ignored. This can cause resentment amongst employees as they have little opportunity to make a real contribution. Hence, authoritarians can alienate and demotivate the workforce which can cause high levels of absenteeism and labour turnover

What is the situational leadership style?

not based on any single dominant approach. In essence, it is about using the right leadership style for the right situation.

What is the democratic leadership style?

one who involves employees in the decision-making process. They consult staff and consider their views before making any final decisions. can bring about better morale and job satisfaction as employees are able to express their views and have some input into decision-making. The sharing of ideas can also lead to improved decisions. main limitation of this approach is that it can delay decision-making because more people are involved in the process. Furthermore, such a style is not suitable when dealing with a very large workforce.

What is a leader?

someone who influences and inspires others to get things done

What is the laissez-faire leadership style?

those who have minimal direct input in the work of employees. Instead, they allow subordinates to make their own decisions and to complete tasks in their own way. The leader sets the objectives but it is up to employees to decide how best to achieve these using the resources available to them. can cause high levels of motivation as staff may feel trusted and highly valued by their employer. Workers might feel that they have control over their work and can contribute to the success of the organization. style is suitable in businesses or situations where creativity is important, such as in computer software firms or advertising agencies. limitation is that coordination and decision-making can be time-consuming since there is a lack of direct supervision or support. Hence, execution of business strategy can be prolonged. relies heavily on teamwork and the goodwill of employees to achieve the organization's goals. Laissez-faire leadership might also encourage slack

What is the paternalistic leadership style?

treat their employees as if they were family members by guiding them through a consultation process and acting in the best interest of their subordinates. Two different types: *>* negative paternalistic style occurs when the leader perceives the workers as less than capable, so leads by guidance and control. *>* positive paternalistic style occurs when the leader perceives the workers as highly capable, so nurtures and develops the workers.