Unit 3
Harriet Tubman
"Conductor" of underground railroad, served as a union spy during the Civil War
What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
"freed" slaves in addition to preserving the Union; political stunt
Plessy V Ferguson
"separate but equal" was officially legalized, did not violate the 14th amendment
Who was Andrew Johnson?
17th president of the US, 10% plan, vetos Congressional Reconstruction Plan
What was the 54th Massachusetts Regiment?
1st military unit consisting of black soldiers
What was Booker T Washington willing to accept in exchange for the alleviation of African Americans from poverty?
2nd class citizenship offered by Jim Crow laws, literacy test, and poll taxed
Who one the Presidency of 1864?
Abraham Lincoln
What were the components of the Compromise of 1850?
California admitted as a free state, slavery question in areas taken from Mexico was to be decided by popular sovereignty, sale of slaves prohibited in Washington D.C., new fugitive slave law was to be enforced by federal gov.
What was the Confederate strategy?
Defend their land until the North get tired
How did the Dred Scott decision set back any potential for compromise for free and slave states relations?
Dread Scott was not considered an American citizen because he was an African American
Abolitionist
Dred Scott, John Brown, and Harriet Beecher Stow; call to outlaw slavery
Where were the first shots of the Civil war?
Fort Sumter
Who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin?
Harriet Stowe
Who are the 4 abolitionist?
Harriet Stowe, Henry Clay, Dread Scott, and John Brown
Who wrote the Compromise of 1850?
Henry Clay
In what year did the Confederate States of America form?
In 1861 the Confederate States of America formed
Who were the leaders of the Confederacy?
Jefferson Davis and Alexander Stevens
What is the Battle of Gettysburg?
Last war in the Civil war, won by union, biggest loss in American lives
Were Republicans and Abraham Lincoln abolitionist?
No
Who were the Copperheads?
Northern democrats who argued for peace with the South
Who was the main confederate general?
Robert E. Lee
Who was the first to succeed from the Union?
South Carolina
Name 4 states that were part of the Confederate States of America.
South Carolina, Mississippi, Floridia, and Alabama
Who were Scalawags?
Southern born individuals who promoted rebuilding of the South in cooperation with Republican Reconstruction governments
What is Lincoln's most famous speech?
The Gettysburg Address
What is one way that the Confederate States of America was similar to the United States? What is one way that it was different?
They had a similar constitution but there was a difference with slavery
Why do some people call it the "War between the States" and not the "Civil War"?
To classify that the fighting was within the country and not two separate countries; the Confederate States were not considered a nation
Who was the main union general?
Ulysses S. Grant
What are the 4 compromises that addressed the issue of slavery in order to prevent it from creating a major division in the US? What was the flaw in each compromise?
Wilmot Proviso, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the Missouri Compromise. All addressed the question on slavery but they didn't make a decision on slavery
California enters as
a free state
U.S. v Reese (1876)
a path laid open for Southern states to disenfranchise black for supposedly non-racial reasons; kept them from voting
What was the Compromise of 1877? Who go what?
an informal agreement, Hayes promised to remove the last federal troops from the South
What does the term "free soil" mean? Were they in support or opposition of slavery?
anti-slavery states; Mexico was against slavery
How did the grandfather clause exempt whites from certain discriminatory laws?
assured that whites who could not read or pay taxes could still vote; did not apply to blacks
Harriet Beecher Stowe
author of uncle Tom's Cabin; abolitionist
Why does the Civil War Occur?
because the American Union tried to regain control of the confederate states.
Who was Ida Wells-Barnett?
born a slave in Mississippi, devoted life to anit-lynching, founding member of NAACP
Who was Booker T. Washington?
born as a slave in the south, founded Tuskegee University
Who was W.E.B. Dubois?
born free in the North, founded the National Associations for colored people (NAACP) and launched Civil Rights Movement
What is the difference between de facto segregation and de jure segregation?
de facto is by practice (North) and de jure is by law (South)
What is the 15th amendment?
every male has the right to vote and will not be denied by race, color, or previous condition of servitude
How did the book Uncle Tom's Cabin affect the views of slavery in the north?
evoked sympathy for slaves and caused anger over fugitive slave laws.
Name three reasons that would lead to wanted support for reconstruction in the South?
federal gov't abandoned their role of protector, democracy was compromised, and rights of African Americans were limited by southern state gov'ts
What was the Freedman Bureau?
helps former slaves and poor whites by setting up schools, hospitals, and teacher training centers
Who were Carpetbaggers?
individuals from the North that came to the South for missionary or entrepreneur purposes
What was the main goal of the KKK?
intimidate black voters and have white supremacy
What is the 14th amendment?
makes all persons born in the US citizens
What did the Battle of Vicksburg do?
officially split the South in two
What is the main point of the Battle of Vicksburg?
officially split the South in two
What is the 13th amendment?
outlawed slavery
What is the Antebellum period?
period leading up to the Civil War
What is popular sovereignty?
political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and abolish government
What was the purpose of the Federal gov't reconstruction policies?
re-establishment of full participation of the southern state in the union based on South's acceptance of the outcome of the war
What was the purpose of Black Codes?
restrict the rights of African Americans, guarantee slave labor, and restore pre-emancipation system of race relations
How did expansion lead to greater challenges as it pertained to the future makeup of the US?
sectionalism increased as the divisions between the north and south's interests of the regions became more evident
What did the Wilmot Proviso state?
slavery would be banned in any territory gained from the war with Mexico
What did the Military Reconstruction act of 1867 create?
split former confederacy into 5 military districts to better enforce the reconstruction amendments
What was the union strategy?
the Anaconda plan; block southern ports, split the south along Mississippi river, and capture Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia
After Lincoln's election, southern states passed
the Articles of Secession
What was the first major battle between the Union and Confederacy?
the Battle at Bull Run (aka 1st Manasses)
What was the bloodiest battle during the Civil War?
the Battle of Antietam
Under which law, were new states allowed to enter the US as full partners in the union?
the Northwest Ordinance
What did the 3 political parties make?
the Republican Party in 1854
Who's actions led a radicalized federal gov't response when it came to reconstruction? What did they do that led to a radicalized federal response?
the South; demonized congress and label all northern Republicans as radicals who's only intention was to punish the South
What were the 3 political parties?
the Whig's, the American Party (Know-Nothings), and the Free-Soilers
What event led southerners to believe that their rights as states were being trampled on?
the disagreement over expanding slavery into the new territories
The Confederate States of America focused on
the protection of slavery and states' sovereign rights
the Scott v. Sanford 1857 ruled that the Missouri Compromise was
unconstitutional
What was an African American economic opportunity?
under Sherman, freed slaves who followed his army were promised 40 acres and a mule
