Unit 3 Ap Euro test

Peace of Augsburg

A temporary settlement of religious conflict in the Holy Roman Empire

What region of Europe shown in the map experienced the most diversity in religious faith around 1555?

Eastern-Central Europe

John Tetzel

German Dominican and preacher

Habsburg-Valois Wars

Italian war 1551-1559, was the last Italian war

Charles V

One of the most powerful European rulers of all time

The Colloquy of Marburg

failed to resolve the differences among Protestants on the issue of the Eucharist.

Luther believed that the church consisted of

the entire community of Christian believers

Martin Luther's first response to the Peasants' War was

to side with the peasants.

What did the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre lead to?

A lengthy civil war

Ursilines

A member of Roman Catholic teaching orders of nuns

Purgatory

A place of temporary punishment

How did inquisitorial legal procedure differ from the accusatorial legal procedure?

A suspect would not be told the charges against him

Institutes of the Christian religion

Argues of majesty of god and for Justification by faith alone

Mary, queen of scots

Beheaded for planning to assassinate her cousin, queen Elizabeth

Acts of Supremacy

Being a leader when it comes to religion, politics, etc

According to Luther, the ultimate authority for the interpretation of Christian doctrine is

Bible

Deafeat of Spanish Armada

British navy defeated Spanish Armada in battle of grave lines off the coast of France.

Politiques

Catholic/ Protestant moderates who believed only a strong monarchy could save France

The 2 branches of the church

Catholicism and Protestantism

Transubstantiation

Change by which the substance of bread and wine becomes Christ's presence

Consubstantiation

Christian doctrine describes presence of Christ in eutharist

Sola scriptura

Christian's saved by grace alone, through faith alone, Christ alone, scripture alone, god alone

30% of land in Europe was under

Church control

Angelican church

Church of England

In Christian liberty

Doctrine say no to legalism

Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis

Ended the Italian war, several separate treaties

Which of the following most accurately states Martin Luther's basic religious belief as a leader of the Protestant Reformation?

Faith is the key to salvation

Reformation

Final splitting of the western Christian church into 2 halves

Catherine of Aragon

First wife of Henery VIII, daughter of Isabella Ferdinand

Protestantism

Followers of Luther, came to mean non Catholic western groups

Based on Map 13.1: The Global Empire of Charles V, ca. 1556, what was the only Christian kingdom that opposed Charles V?

France

Huguenots

French Calvinist's

Martin luther

German priest, theologian, author, and professor

Inquisition

Group of institutions within the Catholic Church to combat heresy, conducting trails of suspected heretics

How did the Calvinists understand the idea of work or labor?

Hard work, well done, was pleasing to God, and all work with a religious aspect was dignified.

Edict of Nantes

Henery IV commissioned, granted liberty of conscience liberty of public worship to Huguenots

What is the name given to French Protestants?

Huguenots

MEthods of salvation by various religions

Human kind from fundamentally negative condition, suffering, evil and death

Diet of worms

Imperial diet of the Holy Roman Empire

Puritains

Individuals that wanted the Catholic ways to be gone from the church, and to "purify" the churhc

Indulgences

Individuals who dined could be pure again by confession of sins to priest and having a punishment

Albert hired

John tetzel to sell indulgences

Ignatus Loyola

Known as soldier of Christ, founded jesuits

Ulrich Zwingli

Leader of reformation I'm Switzerland

Union of Utrecht

Led by holland, declared independence from Spain

How did Luther benefit from his appearance before the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms?

Luther gained a larger audience for his reform ideas, and others began to challenge the church's teachings and practices.

What aided Martin Luther as his call for reform emerged?

Luther understood the power of the new printing press and authorized the publication of his works.

What were Lutheran and Calvinist attitudes toward secular rulers?

Lutherans taught respect for authority while Calvinists encouraged opposition to political authorities who were considered ungodly.

How did the closing of the monasteries and convents affect upper-class women?

Marriage became virtually the only occupation for upper-class women.

Why did Elizabeth I have her cousin and heir Mary, Queen of Scots, executed?

Mary became implicated in a plot to assassinate Elizabeth.

Colloquy of Marburg

Meeting at Marsburg castle, attempted to solve conflict with Luther and Zwingli

John Calvin

Most important of the second generation of reformers

Council of blood

Name given to Spanish military forces sent to reconquérir the Netherlands

Luther viewed celibacy as

Opposed to human nature and God's commandments.

The principle of territoriality (the right of the legitimate ruler to determine the faith of his subjects) was embodied in the

Peace of Augsburg

What was the name given the Catholic and Huguenot moderates in France?

Politiques

Pluralism

Practice of bishops being in Charge of many dioceses at the same time

95 Theses

Propositions for an achedemic disputation in 1517, by Martin Luther

Mary Tudor

Queen of England,p/ Ireland until she died in 1558

Jesuit order

Religious order of Catholic Church in Rome

Which of the following best describes Martin Luther's doctrine of salvation?

Salvation came through faith alone as a free gift of God's grace.

Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre

Savage Catholic attack on calvinists in Paris

Anne Boleyn

Second wife of Henery VIII, failed to have a baby boy, beheaded

In addition to reforming the church, what was the other goal of the Council of Trent?

Securing reconciliation with the Protestants

In Hungary, Lutheranism was

Spread by Hungarian students who had studied at the University of Wittenberg.

How widespread was the influence of the Inquisition?

The Inquisition effectively destroyed heresy within the Papal States but had little influence elsewhere.

In the early sixteenth century, anticlericalism focused primarily on which of the following issues?

The immorality of priests who were drunkards and neglected the rule of celibacy

How did the choice to embrace or reject the reform movement occur in a territory or region in the Holy Roman Empire?

The political leader(s) of the territory or region determined whether to introduce reforms.

French foreign policy... why support Lutherans

The sovereignty of god over the nations is fundemental premise

Why did most ordinary Poles oppose the Lutheran reform movement?

They held strong anti-German feelings.

Why did Protestants allow the dissolution of marriages in divorce?

They viewed marriage as a contract for mutual support, and married partners who failed to provide support endangered their souls and the entire community

What was the fate of most people brought before the Inquisition and accused of witchcraft?

They were sent home with a warning and ordered to do penance.

Dissolution of English monasteries

To gain wealth for Henry, Thomas Cromwell, Thomas Cranmer

Simony

To sell or buy privileges like pardons/ church offices

The overriding goal of the Catholic religious orders established in the sixteenth century was

To uplift the moral condition of both clergy and laity.

What new religious order for women emerged in the sixteenth century?

Ursuline Order

Henry VIII

Was king of England, motives were political, social, and economic for a wife

Luther's ideas about Roman exploitation of Germany

appealed to the national sentiment of German princes.

As a result of the Peace of Augsburg, the people of Germany

became either Lutheran or Catholic, depending on the preference of their prince.

The Calvinist doctrine of predestination led to a

confidence among Calvinists in their own salvation

John Calvin rejected the idea of free will because he believe it would

detract from the sovereignty of God.

The Edict of Nantes

granted French Huguenots the right to worship in 150 towns.

According to Map 13.2: Religious Divisions in Europe, ca. 1555, where did the French Calvinists (called Huguenots) live?

major cities

The Pilgrimage of Grace attested to

popular opposition, in northern England, to Henry VIII's reformation

France supported the Protestant princes of Germany in order to

prevent Charles V from increasing his power

The goals of Protestant princes in Germany before 1555 included the

recognition of Lutheranism as a legitimate form of religion

The dissolution of the English monasteries

resulted from Henry VIII's desire to confiscate their wealth

The Reformation in England was primarily the result of

the dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII

In religious affairs, Elizabeth I of England followed a policy that

was a middle course between Catholic and Protestant extremes