Unit 3 Ap Euro test
Peace of Augsburg
A temporary settlement of religious conflict in the Holy Roman Empire
What region of Europe shown in the map experienced the most diversity in religious faith around 1555?
Eastern-Central Europe
John Tetzel
German Dominican and preacher
Habsburg-Valois Wars
Italian war 1551-1559, was the last Italian war
Charles V
One of the most powerful European rulers of all time
The Colloquy of Marburg
failed to resolve the differences among Protestants on the issue of the Eucharist.
Luther believed that the church consisted of
the entire community of Christian believers
Martin Luther's first response to the Peasants' War was
to side with the peasants.
What did the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre lead to?
A lengthy civil war
Ursilines
A member of Roman Catholic teaching orders of nuns
Purgatory
A place of temporary punishment
How did inquisitorial legal procedure differ from the accusatorial legal procedure?
A suspect would not be told the charges against him
Institutes of the Christian religion
Argues of majesty of god and for Justification by faith alone
Mary, queen of scots
Beheaded for planning to assassinate her cousin, queen Elizabeth
Acts of Supremacy
Being a leader when it comes to religion, politics, etc
According to Luther, the ultimate authority for the interpretation of Christian doctrine is
Bible
Deafeat of Spanish Armada
British navy defeated Spanish Armada in battle of grave lines off the coast of France.
Politiques
Catholic/ Protestant moderates who believed only a strong monarchy could save France
The 2 branches of the church
Catholicism and Protestantism
Transubstantiation
Change by which the substance of bread and wine becomes Christ's presence
Consubstantiation
Christian doctrine describes presence of Christ in eutharist
Sola scriptura
Christian's saved by grace alone, through faith alone, Christ alone, scripture alone, god alone
30% of land in Europe was under
Church control
Angelican church
Church of England
In Christian liberty
Doctrine say no to legalism
Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis
Ended the Italian war, several separate treaties
Which of the following most accurately states Martin Luther's basic religious belief as a leader of the Protestant Reformation?
Faith is the key to salvation
Reformation
Final splitting of the western Christian church into 2 halves
Catherine of Aragon
First wife of Henery VIII, daughter of Isabella Ferdinand
Protestantism
Followers of Luther, came to mean non Catholic western groups
Based on Map 13.1: The Global Empire of Charles V, ca. 1556, what was the only Christian kingdom that opposed Charles V?
France
Huguenots
French Calvinist's
Martin luther
German priest, theologian, author, and professor
Inquisition
Group of institutions within the Catholic Church to combat heresy, conducting trails of suspected heretics
How did the Calvinists understand the idea of work or labor?
Hard work, well done, was pleasing to God, and all work with a religious aspect was dignified.
Edict of Nantes
Henery IV commissioned, granted liberty of conscience liberty of public worship to Huguenots
What is the name given to French Protestants?
Huguenots
MEthods of salvation by various religions
Human kind from fundamentally negative condition, suffering, evil and death
Diet of worms
Imperial diet of the Holy Roman Empire
Puritains
Individuals that wanted the Catholic ways to be gone from the church, and to "purify" the churhc
Indulgences
Individuals who dined could be pure again by confession of sins to priest and having a punishment
Albert hired
John tetzel to sell indulgences
Ignatus Loyola
Known as soldier of Christ, founded jesuits
Ulrich Zwingli
Leader of reformation I'm Switzerland
Union of Utrecht
Led by holland, declared independence from Spain
How did Luther benefit from his appearance before the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms?
Luther gained a larger audience for his reform ideas, and others began to challenge the church's teachings and practices.
What aided Martin Luther as his call for reform emerged?
Luther understood the power of the new printing press and authorized the publication of his works.
What were Lutheran and Calvinist attitudes toward secular rulers?
Lutherans taught respect for authority while Calvinists encouraged opposition to political authorities who were considered ungodly.
How did the closing of the monasteries and convents affect upper-class women?
Marriage became virtually the only occupation for upper-class women.
Why did Elizabeth I have her cousin and heir Mary, Queen of Scots, executed?
Mary became implicated in a plot to assassinate Elizabeth.
Colloquy of Marburg
Meeting at Marsburg castle, attempted to solve conflict with Luther and Zwingli
John Calvin
Most important of the second generation of reformers
Council of blood
Name given to Spanish military forces sent to reconquérir the Netherlands
Luther viewed celibacy as
Opposed to human nature and God's commandments.
The principle of territoriality (the right of the legitimate ruler to determine the faith of his subjects) was embodied in the
Peace of Augsburg
What was the name given the Catholic and Huguenot moderates in France?
Politiques
Pluralism
Practice of bishops being in Charge of many dioceses at the same time
95 Theses
Propositions for an achedemic disputation in 1517, by Martin Luther
Mary Tudor
Queen of England,p/ Ireland until she died in 1558
Jesuit order
Religious order of Catholic Church in Rome
Which of the following best describes Martin Luther's doctrine of salvation?
Salvation came through faith alone as a free gift of God's grace.
Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre
Savage Catholic attack on calvinists in Paris
Anne Boleyn
Second wife of Henery VIII, failed to have a baby boy, beheaded
In addition to reforming the church, what was the other goal of the Council of Trent?
Securing reconciliation with the Protestants
In Hungary, Lutheranism was
Spread by Hungarian students who had studied at the University of Wittenberg.
How widespread was the influence of the Inquisition?
The Inquisition effectively destroyed heresy within the Papal States but had little influence elsewhere.
In the early sixteenth century, anticlericalism focused primarily on which of the following issues?
The immorality of priests who were drunkards and neglected the rule of celibacy
How did the choice to embrace or reject the reform movement occur in a territory or region in the Holy Roman Empire?
The political leader(s) of the territory or region determined whether to introduce reforms.
French foreign policy... why support Lutherans
The sovereignty of god over the nations is fundemental premise
Why did most ordinary Poles oppose the Lutheran reform movement?
They held strong anti-German feelings.
Why did Protestants allow the dissolution of marriages in divorce?
They viewed marriage as a contract for mutual support, and married partners who failed to provide support endangered their souls and the entire community
What was the fate of most people brought before the Inquisition and accused of witchcraft?
They were sent home with a warning and ordered to do penance.
Dissolution of English monasteries
To gain wealth for Henry, Thomas Cromwell, Thomas Cranmer
Simony
To sell or buy privileges like pardons/ church offices
The overriding goal of the Catholic religious orders established in the sixteenth century was
To uplift the moral condition of both clergy and laity.
What new religious order for women emerged in the sixteenth century?
Ursuline Order
Henry VIII
Was king of England, motives were political, social, and economic for a wife
Luther's ideas about Roman exploitation of Germany
appealed to the national sentiment of German princes.
As a result of the Peace of Augsburg, the people of Germany
became either Lutheran or Catholic, depending on the preference of their prince.
The Calvinist doctrine of predestination led to a
confidence among Calvinists in their own salvation
John Calvin rejected the idea of free will because he believe it would
detract from the sovereignty of God.
The Edict of Nantes
granted French Huguenots the right to worship in 150 towns.
According to Map 13.2: Religious Divisions in Europe, ca. 1555, where did the French Calvinists (called Huguenots) live?
major cities
The Pilgrimage of Grace attested to
popular opposition, in northern England, to Henry VIII's reformation
France supported the Protestant princes of Germany in order to
prevent Charles V from increasing his power
The goals of Protestant princes in Germany before 1555 included the
recognition of Lutheranism as a legitimate form of religion
The dissolution of the English monasteries
resulted from Henry VIII's desire to confiscate their wealth
The Reformation in England was primarily the result of
the dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII
In religious affairs, Elizabeth I of England followed a policy that
was a middle course between Catholic and Protestant extremes