unit 3 biology

The energy required for photosynthesis is provided by A. proteins. B. sunlight. C. chlorophyll. D. carbohydrates

B

Use the information below to answer the following item. In an ocean environment, marine life is most abundant in the euphotic zone. This zone extends from the surface waters to a depth of 200 meters, the deepest depth that sunlight can reach. It is in this range that phytoplankton capture energy from the sun. Although they are microscopic organisms, phytoplankton are the foundation that supports the marine food web. Through which process do phytoplankton use energy from the sun to make their food? A. chemosynthesis B. photosynthesis C. evaporation D. respiration

B

Deep sea bacteria live at ocean depths too great for light to reach. These bacteria make their own food. Which of these is the source of energy for the bacteria? A. nucleic acids B. binary fission C. inorganic compounds D. DNA replication

C

Maryland white oak trees make their own food. Their cells contain structures that capture energy from the sun. What are these structures? A. chloroplasts B. nuclei C. mitochondria D. ribosomes

a

The diagram below shows a colony of prokaryotes and a single-celled eukaryote. The eukaryote contains organelles that resemble the three types of bacteria found in the colony of prokaryotes. More than a billion years ago, bacteria like these may have joined other prokaryotes to form colonies of cells. Researchers think that these once free-living prokaryotes became the organelles of modern-day eukaryotes. One of the organelles in the eukaryote releases energy from sugars. What is this process called? A. respiration B. transpiration C. photosynthesis D. chemosynthesis

a

Use the information and the table below to answer the following. Elodea, a freshwater plant, releases gas bubbles when it is placed in direct light. In an investigation, a student placed a lamp at different distances from an aquarium containing Elodea. The student counted the number of bubbles produced by the Elodea plant. His data are shown in the table below. The bubbles released by Elodea contain mostly A. oxygen. B. carbon dioxide. C. nitrogen. D. water vapor.

a

A group of students measured the volume of air they exhaled during three different activities: sitting, walking, and running. The volume of exhaled air is directly related to the amount of carbon dioxide produced. The data the students collected are summarized in the graph below. According to the data, as physical activity increases, the amount of carbon dioxide produced A. decreases. B. increases. C. remains constant. D. decreases, then increases.

b

A group of students separated 16 bean plants into four equal groups. They exposed each group to a different number of hours of light. The table below shows the amount of light each group of bean plants received. All other conditions were kept the same. The students measured the total leaf surface area of each plant once a day for two weeks. Which of these processes were the students most likely studying? A. diffusion B. photosynthesis C. chemosynthesis D. mutation

b

A group of students studied the effect of light intensity on the rate of a cell process in Elodea plants. The students exposed Elodea plants to different light intensities. A gas was produced by the cell process. The amount of this gas was measured. The rate of the cell process was determined by the amount of gas produced. A graph of the students' measurements is shown below. Which of these parts of the Elodea plant cell produces the gas measured in the experiment? A. mitochondrion B. chloroplast C. ribosome D. nucleus

b

During a trip to the beach, Allen finds a colony of sea anemones on a rock. These sea anemones are green and get their color from tiny single-celled algae that live in their tissues. The algae produce food for the anemones while the anemones provide a place for the algae to live. Which parts of the single-celled algae are responsible for capturing energy? A. nuclei B. chloroplasts C. mitochondria D. cytoplasm

b

Some types of bacteria live deep in the ocean where sunlight cannot reach. These bacteria use the energy stored in inorganic molecules to make sugars. Which of these processes do the bacteria use to produce sugars? A. photosynthesis B. chemosynthesis C. aerobic respiration D. nitrogen fixation

b

Use the information and diagram below to answer the following item. Animal cells contain an organelle that helps release energy. A diagram of this organelle is shown below. What is the organelle described? A. chloroplast B. mitochondrion C. nucleus D. ribosome

b

Use the information and the table below to answer the following. Elodea, a freshwater plant, releases gas bubbles when it is placed in direct light. In an investigation, a student placed a lamp at different distances from an aquarium containing Elodea. The student counted the number of bubbles produced by the Elodea plant. His data are shown in the table below. What energy source is used by Elodea? A. heat B. light C. oxygen D. carbon dioxide

b

What molecules control the reaction rate of photosynthesis? A. sugars B. enzymes C. fatty acids D. nucleic acids

b

Which function would the energy-releasing organelle most likely have in the animal cell? A. cellular control B. cellular respiration C. removal of wastes D. storage of nutrients

b

Which of the following pairs of materials is required for a cell to carry on cellular respiration? A. water and oxygen B. glucose and oxygen C. water and carbon dioxide D. glucose and carbon dioxide

b

Which of the following pairs of materials is required for a cell to carry on respiration? A. water and oxygen B. glucose and oxygen C. water and carbon dioxide D. glucose and carbon dioxide

b

A particular toxin prevents cellular production of usable energy. Cells that are affected by this toxin are unable to carry out many of their normal functions. Which of these organelles would be most directly harmed by this toxin? A. ribosomes B. the nucleus C. mitochondria D. the vacuole

c

Deep sea bacteria live at ocean depths too great for light to reach. These bacteria make their own food. Which of these is the source of energy for the bacteria? A. nucleic acids B. binary fission C. inorganic compounds D. DNA replication

c

Evidence suggests that bacteria supplied with a cup of sugar could run a 60-watt light bulb for 17 hours. Which of these was most likely used to affirm this scientific idea? A. formulate a hypothesis B. identify the problem C. conduct an experiment D. write a conclusion

c

Plants grow in various environments. Some plants, like mangroves, grow in salty wetlands. Mangroves have specialized structures that prevent salt from entering their cells. Other mangroves have specialized glands that can excrete excess salt. Which organelle in mangrove cells converts solar energy into useable energy? A. nucleus B. ribosome C. chloroplast D. mitochondrion

c

Scientists wanted to study the effect of water temperature on the swimming speed of goldfish. They set up an experiment in which they raised populations of goldfish in two different aquariums. Population 1 was raised at 5°C. Population 2 was raised at 25°C. All other variables were constant in both aquariums. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph below. According to the graph, as the water temperature increases from 5°C to 25°C, the average speed of the goldfish in Population 1 A. increases. B. decreases. C. first increases, then decreases. D. first decreases, then increases.

c

Use the information and the diagram below to answer the following item. Arteriosclerosis is a disease which clogs arteries in the human body. In arteriosclerosis, artery walls become thick. Fatty deposits build up on inner walls of arteries. This condition reduces the ability of arteries to perform their function. The diagram below shows a comparison between a healthy artery and one with arteriosclerosis. A healthy circulatory system is able to deliver excess oxygen and nutrients to cells. Which cell organelle requires oxygen to carry out cellular respiration? A. ribosomes B. nuclei C. mitochondrion D. membranes

c

Which of these processes produces carbon dioxide? A. mitosis B. diffusion C. respiration D. photosynthesis

c

Which of these statements about photosynthesis and respiration is true? A. Both processes produce food. B. Both processes release energy from food. C. Photosynthesis produces oxygen; respiration does not. D. Photosynthesis produces carbon dioxide; respiration does not.

c

Cheryl wants to perform an investigation that requires using hazardous chemicals. The following steps of the investigation are not in the correct order. 1. Perform the investigation. 2. Design the investigation. 3. Put on gloves, goggles, and an apron. 4. Dispose of waste materials. Which of these is the correct sequence of steps to safely complete the investigation? A. 1-3-4-2 B. 3-2-1-4 C. 4-1-3-2 D. 2-3-1-4

d

Cyanide is a poison that prevents mitochondria from using oxygen. As a result, the mitochondria cannot produce A. lipids. B. sugar. C. minerals. D. energy.

d

In a recent experiment, scientists studied the effects of increased carbon dioxide levels on the growth of pine trees. The scientists observed that increased levels of carbon dioxide resulted in an increase in the average circumference of the tree trunks. The change in circumference is a result of the process of A. osmosis B. adaptation C. transpiration D. photosynthesis

d

In deep ocean trenches, bacteria produce organic materials from inorganic compounds through the process of A. respiration. B. decomposition. C. photosynthesis. D. chemosynthesis.

d

Most organisms need oxygen for their cells to function normally. In mammals, two organ systems work together to move oxygen throughout the body. Which of these organelles use oxygen to release energy? A. nuclei B. ribosomes C. chloroplasts D. mitochondria

d

Prokaryotic cells possess all of the following except A. cell membrane. B. ribosomes. C. cell wall. D. nuclear membrane.

d

Some bacteria live in habitats without light. They produce their own food using inorganic substances from the environment. Which of these terms best describes this process? A. photosynthesis B. cellular respiration C. binary fission D. chemosynthesis

d

The diagram below shows part of the carbon cycle. During photosynthesis, trees convert carbon dioxide and other materials to A. lipids. B. amino acids. C. nucleic acids. D. sugars.

d

The water quality of the Chesapeake Bay is measured by the Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Monitoring Program. Scientists measure the salinity, temperature, pH, and oxygen levels to help determine the health of the Bay. Healthy water also contains appropriate amounts of nutrients. Monitoring water quality helps communities make decisions about the Bay. Measuring oxygen levels of the Bay provides scientists with information about which process? A. mitosis B. meiosis C. chemosynthesis D. photosynthesis

d

Use the information and the figure below to answer the following. The diagram below shows a colony of prokaryotes and a single-celled eukaryote. The eukaryote contains organelles that resemble the three types of bacteria found in the colony of prokaryotes. More than a billion years ago, bacteria like these may have joined other prokaryotes to form colonies of cells. Researchers think that these once free-living prokaryotes became the organelles of modern-day eukaryotes. In the eukaryote, which of these organelles are used to make sugars? A. flagella B. ribosomes C. mitochondria D. chloroplasts

d

Which of these supply the main energy source used in cellular respiration? A. lipids B. amino acids C. nucleic acids D. carbohydrates

d