Unit 3 Ethics Questions
Another name for aretaic theories.
virtue based theories
Excellences of character (may be either moral or nonmoral).
virtues
One of the problems with virtue-based theories is that a) it is impossible to know all the consequences of ones actions b) the virtues are not universal c) there are difficulties surrounding which maxim to universalize d) all of the above
B
The phrase prima facie means a) primary fact b) first face c) primary duty d) none of the above
B
A moral theory asserting that moral principles are dominant and make up the core of morality and claim that the virtues are derived from moral principles is a) pure aretaic b) a complementary ethic c) nonaretaic d) none of the above
C
Asking the question, "What would Jesus do?" is most compatible with which ethical theory? a) deontological b) teleological c) aretaic d) none of the above
C
Non-moral virtues are a) acquired by repetition b) are incompatible with an immoral life c) are learned from teachers d) all of the above
C
Virtue based theories stress moral examples and or models. T/F
T
According to Ross, the self-evident duties are analogous to a) mathematical/logical truths b) scientific truths c) historical truths d) none of the above
A
Any theory of morality asserting that the rightness of an action is determined by ones character is a) aretaic b) teleological c) deontological d) all of the above
A
If a proposition is self-evident this means a) it is not inferred b) it is known to be self evident c) it is known by all d) all of the above
A
Of the following, who embraces a narrow interpretation of natural law? a) Lewis B) Aristotle C) Aquinas d) none of the above
A
The determining factor of morality for aretaic theories is the a) agent b) act c) consequences d) none of the above
A
The determining factor of morality for the deontological theories
Act
Proponent of a virtue-based theory (person).
Aristotle
According to Aristotle, being virtuous is a a)sufficient condition for happiness b) necessary condition for happiness c) unnecessary condition for happiness d) none of the above
B
According to Kant, breaking a promise is a) sometimes morally necessary b) never permissible c) always permissible d) none of the above
B
"Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law" is the A) hypothetical imperative B) categorical explanation C) hypothetical explanation D) None of the above
D
According to Aristotle, the ultimate good in life is a) virtue b) rationality c) health d) none of the above
D
According to Kant, what is the only thing that is good without qualification? a) a gift of fortune b) a gift of nature c)a quality which serves the good will d) none of the above
D
Aristotle believed that morality was determined by a) the hedonistic calculus b) the categorical imperative c) the golden mean d) none of the above
D
Virtue based theories a) ask what should I be? b) emphasize being c) emphasize moral examples and/or morals d) all of the above
D
Which of the following is a moral virtue? a) honesty b) kindness c)Fairness d) all of the above
D
Any theory of morality asserting that the rightness of an action is determined by its conformity to duty.
Deontological theory
According to Aristotle, happiness is the sole (only) good in life. T/F
F
According to Aristotle, the ultimate good in life is virtue. T/F
F
According to Kant, although the moral principle are self-evident upon reflection, they are not absolute. T/F
F
According to Kant, if a maxim cannot be universalized without contradiction then it is obligatory. T/F
F
According to Kant, sometimes it is permissible to lie. T/F
F
According to Ross, duties of fidelity (keeping promises) always override all other duties. T/F
F
According to rule-deontologists, rules are never determined by their consequences. T/F
F
Action-based theories reject the virtues.
F
An internal difficulty with Kant's theory of morality is that there is no objective way to evaluate and rank happiness or pleasure. T/F
F
Aretaic theories are also known as Imperative theories. T/F
F
Aretaic theories are never naturalistic. T/F
F
Categorical means "conditional". T/F
F
Courage is the opposite extreme from cowardice. T/F
F
One of the problems for virtue-based theories is that in order to determine the virtues one must know the future. T/F
F
Ross's duties appear to be the principles of a narrow understanding of natural law. T/F
F
Self-evident propositions are incapable of proof. T/F
F
Self-evident propositions are known immediately. T/F
F
Self-evident propositions cannot be denied. T/F
F
The determining factor of morality for the deontologist is the consequence of an action. T/F
F
The traditional view of morality is that if a maxim is universalizable, then it is a moral principle. T/F
F
The traditional view of morality is that universalizability is a sufficient condition for morality. T/F
F
The virtues are determined by identifying that which results in the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. T/F
F
Whereas action-based theories stress being, virtue-based theories stress doing. T/F
F
An immoral person can exhibit non-moral virtues. T/F
T
The proponent of the Categorical Imperative (person).
Kant
Deontological and teleological theories are both action-based theories. T/F
T
It is possible for act-utilitarianisms and act-deontologists to agree as to the morality of an action (though for different reasons). T/F
T
Kant is not clear as to what constitutes an instance of contradiction or stultification. T/F
T
Kant was an absolutist. T/F
T
Kant's theory justifies actions intuitively considered immoral. T/F
T
Kant's theory of morality is non-naturalistic. T/F
T
Kant's theory prohibits actions intuitively considered moral or non-moral. T/F
T
Nonaretaic theories claim that virtues are derived from moral principles. T/F
T
One of the problems with natural law theory is that there is no agreement as to what constitutes human nature. T/F
T
Rationality is a virtue. T/F
T
The determining factor of morality for an aretaic theorist is the agent. T/F
T
The moral virtues are those virtues which are incompatible with an immoral life
T
The term aretaic comes from the Greek word arête meaning excellence or virtue. T/F
T
Objectivist-rule ethicist asserting that the moral principles (duties) are known intuitively (person).
Ross
A potential problem with pure aretaic theories is that determining the virtues by the Golden Mean or ideal individual appears difficult if not impossible. T/F
T
According to Aristotle, the most important factor for being happy is being virtuous. T/F
T
According to Ross, moral principles are conditional. T/F
T
An act deontologist claims that one's duty is determined apart from appealing to rules/principles. T/F
T
Another term for "categorical".
Unconditional
According to Kant, imperatives are either categorical or a. hypothetical b. conjunctive c. theoretical d. none of the above
a
The categorical imperative is a philosophical expression of a) the Golden Rule b) the Ten Commandments c) the Hedonistic Calculus d) none of the above
a
According to Kant, acting according to duty is based on a. feelings b. impulses c. inclinations d. none of the above
d
According to Kant, if a maxim can be universalized without contradiction it is a) immoral b) permissible c) obligatory d) none of the above
d
According to Kant, rational beings are called a. humans b. animals c. men d. none of the above
d
According to Rasdall, which of the following is a potential problem with intuitionism? a. different people have different intuitions b. all moral rules-grounded in intuitions-have exceptions c. the existence of contradictory moral intuitions requires an appeal to consequences d. all of the above
d
Any theory of morality asserting that the rightness of an action is determined by its conformity to duty is a teleological b consequential c virtue-based d none of the above
d
Kant appears to treat universalizability as a a) sufficient condition for morality b) necessary condition for morality c) deficient condition for morality d) none of the above
d
Which of the following was an Intuitionist? a Mill b Bentham c Kant D none of the above
d
Determining factor of morality for aretaic theories.
agent
According to Aristotle, what defines man more than anything else? a. Reason b. Happiness c. virtuous d. Sinful
b
The determining factor of morality for the deontologist is the a agent b act c consequences d none of the above
b
According to Aristotle, who has the greatest potential to be the happiest? a. the priest b. the king c. the wise man d. all the above
c
Which of the following claims that the moral principles are never overridable? a act deontology b objectivist rule deontology c absolutionist rule deontology d none of the above
c
Which of the following is not an internal difficulty faced by Kant's Categorical Imperative? A) which maxim to universalize b) resolving conflicting obligations c) greatest happiness d) all of the above
c
According to Aristotle, the mean is praiseworthy and the extremes are blameworthy. T/F
f
According to Aristotle, with regard to honor and dishonor the mean is "high mindedness." T/F
f
According to Kant, empirical principles (principles based on experiences) serve as the foundation for moral laws. T/F
f
According to Kant, one can determine morality by imitating examples. T/F
f
According to Kant, the supreme principle of morality is the heteronomy of the will. T/F
f
According to Rashdall, intuitionism asserts that actions are right or wring by referencing their consequences. T/F
f
According to Rashdall, intuitionists must believe that their moral judgments are infallible (always correct). T/F
f
According to Rashdall, self-evident truths are truths that are evident to all. T/F
f
The Categorical Imperative is good only as a means to something else. T/F
f
Purpose of morality emphasized by aretaic theories.
promote human flourishing
According to Kant, every rational being exists as an end in himself. T/F
t