Unit 3

In 1932, how many millions of people were unemployed in America? -40 -15 -35 -25 -50

15

"D-day" refers to the: joint American-Russian effort to free Poland. top-secret work of American cryptanalysts (code breakers). Allied invasion at Normandy. Allied invasion of North Africa. day the atomic bombs were to be dropped on Japan.

Allied invasion at Normandy.

What did the governments of Italy and Germany have in common by the 1930s? -Both had thriving liberal democracies. -Both had strong monarchies. -Both had established fascist forms of government. -Both had established communist forms of government. -Both went to war with the United States.

Both had established fascist forms of government.

The Marco Polo Bridge incident brought Japan to war against what country? -China -the Soviet Union -Britain -the United States -Korea

China

The first large-scale experiment with federal work relief, which put people directly on the government payroll at competitive wages, came with the formation of the: -Public Works Administration. -Social Security Administration. -Civil Works Administration. -Capitol Police Force. -Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Civil Works Administration.

Operation Overlord is also known as: -D-7. -Pearl Harbor Day. -D-day. -Armistice Day. -V-day.

D-day.

On his second day in office, Franklin D. Roosevelt called upon Congress to meet in a special session on March 9 to pass the: -Emergency Farm Mortgage Act. -Agricultural Adjustment Act. -Beer-Wine Revenue Act. -Emergency Banking Relief Act. -Farm Credit Act.

Emergency Banking Relief Act.

Perhaps the most bitterly criticized of the Yalta accords was a secret agreement about the: -future of Germany. -future of Russia. -Middle East. - Near East. -Far East.

Far East

Who was the California doctor who called for old-age pensions from the government? -William Friedman -Arthur Lovejoy -Francis Townsend -Harold Ickes -Henry Morgenthau

Francis Townsend

During the presidential election of 1944: -Franklin Roosevelt won a fourth term as president. -Franklin Roosevelt was defeated in his run for a fourth term as president. -in light of his health problems and progress toward winning the war, Franklin Roosevelt chose not to run for a fourth term. -Republican Wendell Willkie opposed Democrat Franklin Roosevelt. -Harry Truman was elected president.

Franklin Roosevelt won a fourth term as president.

In early 1942, the biggest challenge the United States faced in the Atlantic was: -German American disloyalty. -German submarine warfare. -German aircraft carrier attacks. -German espionage. -German blitzkrieg.

German submarine warfare.

Following the Pearl Harbor attack: -American isolationism increased. -a congressional resolution for war passed unanimously. -Germany and Italy also declared war on the United States. -Franklin Roosevelt resigned the presidency. -the United States avoided involvement in the European conflict.

Germany and Italy also declared war on the United States.

How did Germany respond to Italy's decision to switch sides in September 1943? -Germany slowed the Allied advance by pouring its own reinforcements into Italy. -Germany abandoned Italy and focused on defending France. -Hitler had Mussolini assassinated. -Germany diverted its former Italian forces to fight the Soviets. -Hitler offered to surrender to the Allies with conditions.

Germany slowed the Allied advance by pouring its own reinforcements into Italy.

The head of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration was: -Henry Wallace. -Hugh Johnson. -Harry Hopkins. -John Nance Garner. -Frances Perkins.

Harry Hopkins.

Which of the following statements about the Social Security Act is NOT true? -It was based on a progressive tax that took a larger percentage of higher incomes. -It was a regressive tax that pinched the poor more than the rich. -It provided old-age pensions. -It committed the national government to a broad range of welfare activities. -It was, according to Roosevelt, the "supreme achievement" of the New Deal.

It was based on a progressive tax that took a larger percentage of higher incomes.

What organization sought to set workplace standards, such as child labor restrictions? -Federal Emergency Relief Administration -Agricultural Adjustment Administration -National Recovery Administration -Civilian Conservation Corps -Works Progress Administration

National Recovery Administration

Just days after the D-day invasion, U.S. forces liberated all the following EXCEPT: -Saipan. -Guam. -three Japanese-controlled islands in the Mariana Islands. -Tinian. -Philippines.

Philippines.

Less than a month before the surrender of Germany: -Hitler was captured by advancing Allied forces. -President Roosevelt died in office. -atomic bombs were dropped on Japan. -the war in Asia ended with the Japanese surrender. -President Roosevelt lost his reelection bid.

President Roosevelt died in office.

During the presidential election of 1936: -African Americans voted overwhelmingly Republican for the first time since Reconstruction. -Socialist and Communist candidates together received more than 2 million votes. -Republicans hoped that third-party candidates might split the Democratic vote and throw the election to them. -Roosevelt's illness put vice-presidential candidate Harry Truman in the spotlight. -Republicans won most of the western farm vote and almost upset Roosevelt.

Republicans hoped that third-party candidates might split the Democratic vote and throw the election to them.

Which statement best describes the Allied invasion against Sicily in July 1943? -Sicily fell quickly after the Allied surprise landing. -The Allies captured Mussolini and forced him to surrender. -The well-fortified island proved too difficult for the Allies to capture. -The fight for Sicily became known as "the Mediterranean's Okinawa." -The fight for Sicily became the first outright defeat for the Allied war effort.

Sicily fell quickly after the Allied surprise landing.

Prime Minister Churchill worried that if the Red Army arrived in Berlin first: -Stalin would control the postwar map of Europe. -they would control it with the United States. -Stalin would declare victory. -Lenin would control the postwar map of Europe. -Truman would control the postwar map of Europe.

Stalin would control the postwar map of Europe.

What helped the Allies gain the advantage in the Battle of the Atlantic? -The Allies bypassed the Atlantic to confront the Germans directly in Europe. -The Allies decoded German messages that indicated where the U-boats were. -The Allied aircraft carrier superiority countered the German U-boat advantage. -The Allies had a submarine advantage over the Germans. -The Allies utilized aerial precision bombing of German targets.

The Allies decoded German messages that indicated where the U-boats were.

What was the most significant consequence of the Battle of Leyte Gulf? -The Japanese lost most of their remaining sea power and ability to defend the Philippines. -The Allied forces secured a foothold on the Japanese home islands. -The Chinese earned their first substantive victory against the Japanese. -Germany entered the war in the Pacific and fought alongside Japan. -This Japanese surprise victory caused Allied losses so severe it nearly ended the war.

The Japanese lost most of their remaining sea power and ability to defend the Philippines.

What was the significance of the use of atomic bombs against Japan? -They shocked Germany into surrendering before facing the same fate. -They allowed the Americans to avoid an amphibious invasion of Japan. -They rendered the entire island of Honshu uninhabitable for twenty-three years. -They killed the Japanese emperor and paved the way for surrender. -They prevented the Soviets from entering the war in Asia.

They allowed the Americans to avoid an amphibious invasion of Japan.

What agency was created to direct industrial conversion to war production? -Office of Scientific Research and Development -Office of War Information -War Production Board -Treasury Department -Commerce Department

War Production Board

After dropping two atomic bombs on Japan, the United States: -launched the amphibious invasion of Japan, the final operation of World War II. -accepted Japan's surrender, albeit with the condition that the emperor could keep his throne. -accepted Japan's unconditional surrender. -returned its attention to fighting the war in Europe. -dropped a third on Tokyo to force the Japanese surrender.

accepted Japan's surrender, albeit with the condition that the emperor could keep his throne.

In early 1937, FDR proposed to reform the Supreme Court by: -adding up to six additional members. -making justices regularly run for election. -requiring justices to retire at age seventy. -requiring Senate-confirmation hearings. -removing justices appointed by previous presidents.

adding up to six additional members.

At the Casablanca Conference, Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to all of the following EXCEPT: -an assault on Sicily and Italy. -a demand for the unconditional surrender of their enemies. -increased shipments of military supplies to the Soviet Union. -the stepped-up bombing of Germany. -an immediate launching of a cross channel invasion into France.

an immediate launching of a cross channel invasion into France.

On March 12, in the first of his radio-broadcast "fireside chats," the president: -promised to push through a bank bailout bill worth more than $7 billion. -ordered the Federal Reserve Board to lower interest rates. -announced he would use his emergency powers to nationalize the banking industry. -ordered strict limits on the issuance of paper currency. -assured the 60 million Americans listening that it was safer to "keep your money in a reopened bank than under the mattress."

assured the 60 million Americans listening that it was safer to "keep your money in a reopened bank than under the mattress."

The Indian Reorganization Act: -had the support of western congressmen and assimilated Indians. -attempted to reinvigorate traditional Indian cultures. -reorganized tribal leaders into nonvoting members of Congress. -broke up tribal lands and allocated them to individuals. -was the brainchild of Henry Dawes.

attempted to reinvigorate traditional Indian cultures

The "sit-down strike" was used successfully in 1937 by: -automobile workers. -southern workers. -black workers. -steelworkers. -western miners.

automobile workers.

The fair practices codes of the National Recovery Administration did all of the following EXCEPT: - establish a minimum wage of $12 per week in the South. -break up large corporations. -prohibit child labor. -establish minimum wages of $13 per week. -set a forty-hour workweek.

break up large corporations.

The bracero program: -led to the forced evacuation of more than 100,000 Japanese Americans. -brought some 200,000 Mexican farm workers into the western United States. -allowed most recent immigrants to join the American armed services after a thorough background check. -sought to mobilize Indian reservations in support of the American war effort. -was a reaction to the zoot-suit riots.

brought some 200,000 Mexican farm workers into the western United States.

Frequently lumped together as "Okies" or "Arkies," dust bowl refugees: -never made it to California. -came from cotton belt communities. -faked their status to get free food. -mostly died in California in 1937 and 1938. -ended up working as miners in the Sierra.

came from cotton belt communities.

Following the defeat of Germany: -Franklin Roosevelt died in office. -the Allies established a unified liberal democratic government with its capital in Berlin. -came the shocking realization of the full extent of the Holocaust. -the Prussian monarchy was restored to the German throne. -Hitler was executed after his conviction of war crimes.

came the shocking realization of the full extent of the Holocaust.

The goal of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 was to raise farm income, mainly through: -cutbacks in production. -a government takeover of the commodity trade in Chicago. -state and federal subsidies. -intensive farming. -marketing quotas.

cutbacks in production.

In 1933, President Roosevelt confronted all the following major challenges EXCEPT: -rescuing the desperate farm families. -defending the country against communism. -rescuing the farm sector. -reviving the economy. -relieving the widespread human misery.

defending the country against communism.

Huey Long: -developed a program called Share-the-Wealth. -challenged FDR for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1936. -founded the National Union for Social Justice. -called Social Security a "socialistic share-the-wealth program." -complained that the New Deal had gone too far by infringing on "the rights of persons and property."

developed a program called Share-the-Wealth.

A significant economic problem during the war was: -overcoming high unemployment that lingered from the Depression. -dealing with deflationary pressures that killed consumer demand. -raising low wages. -women refusing to work in wartime industries. -finding enough workers for the essential wartime industries.

finding enough workers for the essential wartime industries.

War relocation camps: -housed more than 120,000 Japanese Americans during the war. -served as the German euphemism for Nazi concentration camps. -helped the families of American servicemen cope with the absence of husbands and fathers. -were actually prisoner-of-war camps for captured Germans. -were the bases that housed American servicemen before they were sent to the front lines.

housed more than 120,000 Japanese Americans during the war.

Labor's new direction in the late 1930s was toward: -industrial unions. -craft unions. -women in unions. -decentralization of union organization. -the Republican party.

industrial unions.

In June 1941, Germany widened the war by: -attacking Spain. -declaring war on the United States. -invading Britain. -invading the Soviet Union. -declaring war on Poland.

invading the Soviet Union.

All of the following statements are true of the National Youth Administration EXCEPT: -it was part of the Works Progress Administration. -it provided part-time employment to students. -it set up technical training programs. -it was the parent organization for the Civilian Conservation Corps. -it provided Richard Nixon with a job.

it was the parent organization for the Civilian Conservation Corps.

The mobilization of women in the labor force during World War II: -has been greatly exaggerated and distorted beyond its real significance. -occurred in all Allied nations except in the United States. -did not include women serving in the armed forces. -only impacted minorities and immigrants. -led to a significant increase of American women joining the labor force.

led to a significant increase of American women joining the labor force.

When Soviet forces reentered Poland in 1944, they created a puppet Communist regime in: -Lublin. -Warsaw. -mc031-1.jpg. -Kraków. -Rabka- Zdrój.

lublin

To earn the federal payments for reducing crops: -farmers had to let fields go idle for three years in a row. -many landowners kicked out black tenants in favor of whites. -many landowners took their leased lands out of production. -tenants and sharecroppers had to stick with lucrative staples such as cotton. -farmers often starved because they were not allowed to grow even small vegetable gardens.

many landowners took their leased lands out of production.

Following the declaration of war: -the draft was enacted for the first time in American history. -a surge of volunteerism allowed the repeal of the Selective Service Act to end the draft. -all men and women between the ages of eighteen and forty-five were drafted. -men between the ages of eighteen and forty-five were drafted. -women between the ages of eighteen and forty-five were drafted, while men were exempt from the draft due to an excess of volunteers.

men between the ages of eighteen and forty-five were drafted.

In the case of Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States, the Supreme Court: -upheld the constitutionality of the second Agricultural Adjustment Act. -overturned the Farm Credit Act. -overturned the National Industrial Recovery Act. -said that the Agricultural Adjustment Act was unconstitutional. -decided that Schechter was involved in interstate, not local, trade.

overturned the National Industrial Recovery Act.

The main purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps was to: -train young men for the Army Corps of Engineers. -give young women an opportunity to earn money for higher education. -provide work relief for young men. -build environmental education projects at the first national parks. -promote conservation practices by the general public.

provide work relief for young men.

The Revenue Act of 1935 (sometimes called the Wealth-Tax Act): -increased federal revenue significantly and thus helped finance the New Deal. -provided for a regressive tax. -raised taxes on incomes above $50,000. -created a more equal distribution of wealth in America. -was an FDR response to Long's soak-the-rich tax.

raised taxes on incomes above $50,000.

At the Yalta Conference of 1945, the Allies did all of the following EXCEPT: -agree to Soviet territorial demands in Eastern Europe. -call for a conference to create a new world security organization. -restore the original Polish government to power in Poland. -make arrangements for the postwar governance of Germany. -reaffirm the principles of the Atlantic Charter. -

restore the original Polish government to power in Poland.

The Office of Price Administration: -set price ceilings on highly demanded items such as tires, sugar, and gasoline. -lacked any authority to set consumer prices or ration any items. -was designed to raise consumer prices. -was designed to combat the serious wartime deflation. -set price ceilings and directed the rationing of all goods and items for sale in the wartime economy.

set price ceilings on highly demanded items such as tires, sugar, and gasoline.

By late 1942, the United States effectively countered German advantages in the Atlantic with what strategic response? -subchasers -cross channel invasion -espionage -aerial bombardment -dropping the atomic bomb

subchasers

The country that suffered the most deaths in the fighting of World War II was: -the Soviet Union. -Germany. -Britain. -the United States. -Japan.

the Soviet Union.

All of the following were among the objectives of the Tennessee Valley Authority EXCEPT: -providing jobs. -the production of cheap electric power. -soil conservation and forestry. -the development of Smoky Mountain National Park. -opening rivers to boats and barges.

the development of Smoky Mountain National Park.

The Atlantic Charter included all the following principles EXCEPT: -a new system of international security. -economic cooperation. -self-determination for all peoples. -the elimination of communism. -freedom of the seas.

the elimination of communism.

From late 1941 into early 1942, during World War II in the Pacific: -the Japanese in the Philippines surrendered to General Douglas MacArthur. -there was a succession of Japanese victories that saw numerous Allied outposts fall. -the Japanese invaded and captured Australia. -there was a string of American victories that put Japan on the defensive. -China finally surrendered to Japan.

there was a succession of Japanese victories that saw numerous Allied outposts fall.

The Atlantic Charter: -was voted down by Congress. -was a joint British-American statement of anti-Axis war aims. -reaffirmed American neutrality in the wars in Europe and Asia. -advocated expanding the war in Europe to fight communism. -is another name for the American declaration of war against Germany.

was a joint British-American statement of anti-Axis war aims.

Huey Long's program to end the Depression: -involved closing down Wall Street brokerage firms. -called for unadulterated free-market capitalism. -emphasized tax breaks for big business. -involved the creation of a fascist dictatorship. -was a plan to share the wealth.

was a plan to share the wealth.

The American assault on Okinawa: -failed at great loss of life for the U.S. forces. -was postponed with the development of the atomic bomb. -was a success, but with tremendous loss of life for both the United States and Japan. -resulted in the surrender of the Japanese Imperial Army. -prompted the emperor to give up his throne.

was a success, but with tremendous loss of life for both the United States and Japan.

The American assault on Okinawa: -was postponed with the development of the atomic bomb. -failed at great loss of life for the U.S. forces. -was a success, but with tremendous loss of life for both the United States and Japan. -prompted the emperor to give up his throne. -resulted in the surrender of the Japanese Imperial Army.

was a success, but with tremendous loss of life for both the United States and Japan.

Eleanor Roosevelt: -was an official member of FDR's cabinet. -had more influence than her husband in shaping New Deal policies. -became most famous for her fireside chats. -was especially supportive of women, blacks, and organized labor. -primarily played the role of White House hostess.

was especially supportive of women, blacks, and organized labor.

The National Labor Relations Act: -was often called the Wagner Act. -gave jobs to several thousand unemployed miners. -was struck down by the Supreme Court in 1935. -was upheld by the Supreme Court in United States v. Butler. -gave employers the right to control union activities.

was often called the Wagner Act.