Unit 3 Religion

What does the term "piety" refer to?

A devotion to or reverence for the divine

Which of the following is true of the Buddhist concept of nirvana?

A person may cease to suffer.

What is a pilgrimage?

A sacred journey, either to a physical place or a metaphorical journey

How does a secular state differ from an atheistic state?

A secular state takes a more neutral position on the issue of religion

What is "eternity" in the context of religion?

A state of timelessness or unending time

Which of the following describes a mosque?

An Islamic place of worship

What is meant by the term "ritual"?

An action or actions, performed for symbolic purposes

The national church of England is the __________.

Anglican Church

Which of the following is an example of religious ethical teachings?

Decalogue

__________ is a five-day Hindu festival, also known as the ʺfestival of lights.ʺ

Diwali

__________ is a code of behavior or conduct generally inspired in whole or in part by non-religious, often philosophical, teachings.

Ethics

Nihilism is most associated with which of the following figures?

Friedrich Nietzsche

Which of the following traditions is associated with polygamy?

Fundamentalist Mormons

Often, members of the __________ religion will gaze upon a statue of a deity, also known as a __________, to gain blessing.

Hindu; murti

The Kumbh Mela is a pilgrimage associated with what religious tradition?

Hinduism

Different religions have varying views and influences on the family structure. __________ relationships, a relationship between persons of the same gender, are an example of an alternative relationship that many religious traditions have either endorsed or condemned

Homosexual

Which religion called for radical equality in the 6th century?

Islam

In religious traditions such as __________ and some sects of __________, having or worshipping images of a deity or deities is strictly forbidden or looked down on.

Islam; Christianity

Where might pilgrims travel to visit both Buddhist and Shinto shrines?

Japan

Which religion sees marriage as fulfillment of a divine commandment that humans have children?

Judaism

Which of the following pilgrimages is associated with Hinduism?

Kumbh Mela

__________ has been criticized by some for being a Marxist redistribution with a thin Christian veneer.

Liberation theology

In the __________ tradition, nirvana is discussed in terms of an ultimate goal for the afterlife.

Buddhist

Of the following options, what is the predominant religious tradition of East Asia?

Buddhist

Religion contributed to the codification of law in which of the following ways?

By providing a foundation for certain views on morality, ethics, and law

Select the true statement about religion and social convention.

Religion often informs a society's understanding of what is moral and ethical.

Which of the following statements is true of religious and secular law?

Religious law has a place even in some generally secular legal systems.

For much of its history, the de facto state religion of Western Europe was __________.

Roman Catholicism

Which of the following is an example of conflict between the secular laws of the U.S. government and religious practices?

Contraceptive mandates

Which of the following is true about holy places?

The Kaaba is the most sacred mosque of Islam.

Which of the following is a characteristic or element of theocracy?

The government is believed to be divinely guided

Select the true statement about state religion.

The government officially endorses a particular religious body or creed.

Which of the following is an example of conflict between the secular laws of the U.S. government and religious practices?

Use of peyote

Most consider Cuba a(n) __________ state because the government has been opposed to religion.

atheistic

In Judaism, a life cycle event marked by a ritual circumcision is called a __________.

brit milah

One example of the interrelationship between religion and economics is:

businesses accommodating the observance of religious holidays.

The social system in which one's place in society is determined by one's birth is called __________.

caste

Social structure, including religion, can be ruptured by a militarily superior nation taking political control of another nation, state, or territory in a practice known as __________.

colonization

One similarity between religion & economics is that they both __________.

depend on belief

One of the sources of environmental ethics in Hinduism is a set of ethical/moral teachings based upon cause and effect, known as __________.

dharmic ethics

In the context of religious studies, conducting business in the modern era often involves negotiating __________.

diverse religious cultures

The more recent conflict between Christians and Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina is an example of __________, or the targeting of a religious group for elimination.

ethnic cleansing

The 18th-century philosopher Giambattista Vico argued that religion was born out of __________.

fear

The Confucian tradition views marriage as one of the __________ that stabilize society.

five relationships

Christians believe that after life, people will go to __________ depending on their actions in life.

heaven or hell

The term "secular" means:

pertaining to the world; not linked to religiosity.

A musalla is an open space used for __________ within or outside of an Islamic house of worship.

prayer

Any attitude toward religion that focuses on commonalities over differences is known as __________.

religious ecumenicalism

The recognition of the right of others to believe as they choose is called __________.

toleration

While __________ are not used for worship, they are sacred objects sometimes used by __________ to recount clan lineage and family legends.

totem poles; Native Americans

Religious influences on moral and ethical conduct can become so pervasive in a society that it can be considered a kind of __________.

white noise

What is the separation of church and state?

The creation of separate religious and governmental spheres in a society

Which of the following is true of a Buddhist perspective on the environment?

The environment is to be cared for because the Middle Way stresses the importance of balance.

Which of the following social principles was emphasized by Muhammad, the founder of Islam?

The equality of all Muslims

What is the Hindu holiday of Diwali popularly known as?

The festival of lights

A recent government mandate that contraception be covered by health insurance has created conflict with what group of Americans?

Catholics

Which of the following statements about Just War theory is true?

Christianity has long been divided on the question of Just War.

One example of a religiously-motivated conflict was the Crusades, which occurred between which two groups?

Christians and Muslims

Which of the following was one purpose of the Crusades?

Christians wanted to gain control of Jerusalem.

Which of the following statements is true of marriage in the Hindu tradition?

Marriage is a sacred duty, or dharma, that entails both religious and social obligations.

Where in the world is Islam primarily concentrated?

Middle East and North Africa

Select a way in which economics can bring people from different religious backgrounds together.

Modern workplaces often include employees from diverse religious backgrounds.

A U.S. Supreme Court case that forbids the practice of polygamy involved members of which religion?

Mormons

As an example of how geographic regions often have prevailing religious tendencies, the Middle East is predominantly:

Muslim, with some Christian, Jewish, and tribal minorities

In some __________ traditions, young men may go on a vision quest, which marks a rite of passage for an individual.

Native American

Of the following options, what is the predominant religious tradition of Russia?

Orthodox Christian

Which of the following accurately reflects a Muslim perspective on the environment?

People who care for the environment will receive great reward.

Which of the following is an example of a lifecycle event marked by religions?

Puberty

Which of the following is an example of a religious festival?

Ramadan

Which of the following is an element of rituals?

Sacred objects

Which of the following countries is governed according to Sharia law?

Saudi Arabia

Which of the following is an element of secular humanism?

Seeks non-religious answers to ultimate questions

Select the true statement related to beliefs about gender roles in religions.

Sex segregation has been practiced in more than one religion.

Select the true statement about religion and social convention.

Social convention is influenced by the dominant religion(s) of the society.

An example of a Christian pilgrimage is the Camino de Santiago, which is located in __________.

Spain

Buddhist warrior monks could be found in feudal Japan despite what common Buddhist teaching?

Taking the life of another sentient being is prohibited.

The disregard for the environment found in modern industrial nations could be interpreted as a violation of the Middle Way, a Buddhist teaching referring to what?

The path between extreme excess and extreme asceticism, recommended by the Buddha to achieve liberation

In the context of gender and religion, what does the idea of "sex segregation" indicate?

The practice of separating men and women during worship

Liberation theology is sometimes used as a moral justification for which of the following practices?

The redistribution of wealth

Which of the following is a core belief of Pacifism?

The use of military force is never justifiable.

What is meant by the term "material culture?"

The way a society relates to objects of significance

Which statement is associated with nihilism?

There are no binding social, legal, nor moral obligations on human beings.

Which of the following is true about holy places?

They are often connected to religious figures.

Which of the following is an element of all religious festivals?

They connect participants to the sacred.

Which of the following is true about holy places in Christianity?

They may be associated with Jesus' life.

Which of the following is a means through which moral and ethical guidelines are interpreted, as discussed in this tutorial?

Tradition

In the monotheistic religions such as Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, ideas of right and wrong are set forth by the rules and laws in their __________.

holy books

The concept of the separation of church and state has been adopted:

in a number of countries, to varying degrees

A theocracy is a form of government that __________.

is led by religious leaders

In Judaism, a divider is sometimes used to separate men and women during worship and other ceremonial occasions. This divider is called a __________.

mechitza

The tall, slender tower that is used to call Muslims to prayer is called a _________.

minaret

The __________ family structure is generally prescribed by most Christian and Jewish traditions.

monogamous

In John Locke's "A Letter Concerning Toleration" (1689), the concept of toleration was extended to _________.

monotheists

Despite having a large population of religious followers, Turkey is a __________, because the government separates religious affairs from civil ones.

secular state

The United States practices __________, because there is an intentional effort to distance government and religious activities.

separation of church and state

In the concept of __________, it's believed that groups should be held to the same standards as individuals, especially with respect to economic and social inequality.

social justice

Often when a state observes the official position of atheism in its government, this may be accompanied by the __________ of religious freedom.

suppression

A common feature of Muslim places of worship are minarets, which are:

tall, slender towers usually situated at one or more corners of the building.

Religious speculation can be spurred by the experience of "otherness," which in this context refers to:

that which is different or separate from the self.

In Buddhism, __________ is a guideline for actions. It is described as one of the four great truths of Buddhism that leads to enlightenment and to the end of suffering.

the Noble Eightfold Path